welcome to bbc news. i'm lisa—marie misztak. our top stories: on the turkish border, thousands of syrian refugees are trying to cross back into their home country after last week's earthquakes. the combined death toll climbs to more than 41,000. commotion in court as the 19—year—old gunman who killed ten black americans at a grocery store in buffalo, new york, is sentenced to life in prison — without parole. an italian court acquits the former prime minister, silvio berlusconi, of bribing witnesses to lie about his "bunga bunga" — sex parties. antarctic glaciers may be more sensitive to changes in sea temperature than previously thought. we have a special report.

a historic moment. the first time anyone has tried to drill down through this glacier beneath the 600 meters of ice. below me is the most important point of all. the point at which the ice meets the ocean. # i can rub and scrub this house # till it's shining just like a dime...# and the hollywood film star and model raquel welsh has died at the age of 82. hello and welcome to our viewers on pbs in america and around the globe. thousands of refugees who fled the war in syria to cross into turkey have arrived at the border hoping to go back to their home country after last week's earthquakes. turkey has said it will allow them to leave for up to six months. the combined death toll

in turkey and syria has climbed to more than 41,000, and millions are in need of humanitarian aid. the bbc�*s laura bicker has been to antakya, close to the turkish border, where desparate syrian families continue to arrive. the last time these syrian families crossed this border, it was with dreams of a better life. their homeland has been ripped apart by a civil war. their new life in turkey lies in ruins after the earthquake. so once again, they are on the move, carrying whatever they have left. reem has lived in antakya for nine years. her children were born there, but she believes hostility towards syrians in her host country is worse since the quake. translation: we've lost our house. - we try to find another place to stay. but they kept chasing us away, asking us to return to syria. should i stay in the street with my children? where should we go?

the turkish government has said syrians can come back within two months. but many ask, what do they have to come back to? this is a broken city, full of loss and fallen concrete. it's no longer a home. those who choose to stay have nowhere else to go. ahmed knows there's little here for him and his family, but he's nothing left in syria. he's stuck. translation: | think | about the children a lot, about their situation and what will happen to them. when it's dark, their night turns into terror. ifearfor them more than i do myself. it is rare, but survivors are still being found. 74—year—old shamil was found alive 226 hours after the earthquake struck. earlier today, three people were rescued from within this rubble. two were children. and tonight, they believe there are signs of life in that

building and they are continuing to work away, which shows that even amid the amount of human despair we've seen in the last ten days, there's still sign of light. laura bicker, bbc news in antakya. and you can find lots more detail about the earthquakes in turkey and syria on our website — just head to bbc.com/news — or the bbc news app. let's take a look at some other stories in the headlines. the head of nato has called on member countries to ramp up the production of ammunition for ukraine. yens stoltenberg said member countries were making more artillery shells to help kyiv�*s forces fight russia's invasion, but he warned they cannot guarantee there will be enough. the president of the world bank will step down from his post injune, leaving the organisation almost a year before his term was due to end. david malpass announced his decision on social media, without providing a specific

reason for his departure. the governor of the us state of ohio has warned residents living near the site of a toxic train derailment to drink bottled water. the cargo train crashed 12 days ago, causing a majorfire and triggering the release of toxic fumes. the first tourists have returned to machu picchu, the famous world heritage site in peru. the area had been closed off by demonstrators demanding the removal of the former president. protests continue in the capital, lima, and other regions in the south. the self—declared white supremacist payton gendron has been sentenced to life in prison without parole by a court in buffalo, new york state, for a racially—motivated mass killing. this is him, being led into the courtroom. he'd earlier admitted murdering ten people during that attack at a supermarket last may. he drove more than 200 miles to the store, which is in a predominantly african—american part of buffalo.

before sentencing, a relative of one of the victims was giving a statement when someone tried to attack gendron — have a look. you don't know a damn thing about black people! we're human. we like our kids to go to good schools. we love our kids. we never go in no neighbourhoods to take people out. don't do it! overlapping voices. the eerie county district attorney, john flynn, spoke at a news conference after the sentencing. i would characterise what happened today as the end of a beginning. that, while what happened today puts a legal closure to the criminal proceedings, let's put aside the federal

matter for our purposes here, puts a legal closure to this tragic incident on may 14 of 2022, it certainly does not put any closure on what we need to do as a society and as a community going forward. with more details, here's our correspondent in new york, nedda tawfeek. this was an incredibly emotional hearing, from a relative lunging at payton gendron in the court room before being restrained to then the families hearing from the teenage white supremacist themselves. this sentence really was a foregone conclusion. it was the mandatory sentence for that charge. one of the charges he faced, domestic terrorism motivated by hate. and the judge said that he wouldn't be given any mercy

or sentenced as a youth because he had meticulously planned, researched, carried out surveillance and executed this heinous crime, streaming shooting black americans shopping for groceries, live streaming that on the internet, on a social media platforms. so the judge said that he would not see the light of day again as a free man. but this was really, this whole hearing, an opportunity for family members who lost their loved ones and for survivors to directly confront gendron. a court in italy has acquitted the former prime minister, silvio berlusconi, of bribing witnesses to lie about his notorious "bunga bunga" parties. the billionaire politician, who is 86, was accused of paying people to provide false testimony in a previous trial where he was charged with paying for sex with a 17—year—old

moroccan dancer. mr berlusconi had denied wrongdoing. a little earlier, i spoke to our reporter, sofia bettiza, who's been following the story. this verdict is the culmination of a legal battle that lasted 11 years and that made headlines around the world. and it all began in 2010 when silvio berlusconi, who was then prime minister of italy, was charged with paying for sex with an underage girl. she was a 17—year—old dancer known by her stage name, ruby the heart stealer. now, after that happened, judges believe that berlusconi paid off 2a people, mainly young women, so that they would lie in earlier trials about so—called bunga bunga parties. prosecutors described them as sex parties that women were paid to attend. now, one of the women who were accused of lying was ruby herself, and she was in court today when the verdict came in.

i need time to process this greatjoy. this is an enormous liberation. many people know nothing about my life at the moment. speaking to berlusconi is not top of my priorities. the first person i'll speak to is my mum. and today berlusconi was acquitted. just why is that? well, judges said that there just wasn't enough evidence. but, you know, this is really significant in italy. this scandal contributed to the downfall of silvio berlusconi as prime minister in 2011. his reputation abroad was destroyed. but this whole time he's denied any wrongdoing and insisted that bunga bunga parties were just elegant dinners. so he feels vindicated. and a few hours ago, in a tweet, berlusconi said, i've finally been acquitted after more than 11 years of suffering, of political damage and of having my name

dragged through the mud. so what's next for mr berlusconi? well, you know, he has been dominant in italian public life for decades as a media tycoon, as a football club owner. and he was prime minister three times. so, you know, he is 86 years old, but he's still in politics and he's made political comebacks before. at the moment, actually, he's the leader of a centre right party that is playing a key role in italy's in italy's coalition government. so now that his name has been cleared, berlusconi is likely to continue playing a very important role in italian politics and society. one of the 12 boys who was rescued from a thai cave in 2018, has died in the uk. 17—year—old duangpetch promthep suffered a head injury while attending a football academy in the uk. the exact circumstances of the accident are not yet known, but he's reported to have fallen and hit his head. 0ur south east asia correspondent jonathan head reports.

his winning smile, even after nine days in the dark with no food, brought cheer to a global audience gripped by the thai cave drama. duangpetch promthep�*s rescue, with his coach and all 11 of his team—mates, by volunteer divers from across the world, over formidable terrain, seems little short of miraculous. as did their rapid recovery in hospital. and their unbroken spirit, on display in this first encounter with the hundreds ofjournalists who descended on thailand to report their underground ordeal. we were at his house in the little border town of mae sai when dom was finally able to go home to a family who could scarcely believe they had him back in one piece. theirfame opened new opportunities for boys whose prospects in life had been limited before. still football mad, dom

won a scholarship last year to go to britain, to this private academy near leicester. this is my dream, he wrote, promising to work hard and pursue his ultimate goal of representing his country in international football. it was left to the man who got him the scholarship, zico, a former member of the thai national team, to inform his family about his sudden death. his mother asking only for help to bring back his body. the first sad note in a story which, until now, still had the power to amaze and inspire. jonathan head, bbc news, bangkok. stay with us on bbc news. still to come: hollywood star raquel welsh, often credited with paving the way for modern day action heroines, has died at the age of 82.

nine years and 15,000 deaths after going into afghanistan the last soviet troops were finally coming home. the withdrawal completed in good order but the army defeated in the task it was sent to perform. malcolm has been murdered. that has a terrible effect for the morale of the people. i'm terrified of the reprecussions in the streets. one wonders who is next. explosions. as the airlift got under way there was no let—up in the eruption itself. lava streams from a vent low in the crater flow down to the sea to the east of the island, away from the town for the time being. it could start flowing again at any time. the russians heralded the next generation space station with a spectacular night launch. they called it mir —

russian for peace. this is bbc news. the latest headlines: 0n the turkish border, thousands of syrian refugees are trying to cross back into their home country, after last week's earthquakes. the combined death toll has climbed to more than 41,000. the 19—year—old gunman who killed ten black americans at a grocery store in buffalo, new york has been sentenced to life in prison without parole. nicola sturgeon, scotland's longest—serving first minister, and the uk's most experienced political leader, is standing down after eight years in office. in a hastily—convened and sometimes emotional news conference, ms sturgeon said she no longerfelt she had the energy for thejob. being your first minister has been the privilege of my life. nothing, absolutely nothing i have done in future

will come anywhere close. thank you from the very bottom of my heart. earlier, i spoke to professor susanna every—palmer, who is head of department of psychological medicine at the university of 0tago in wellington. she previously co—authored a paper on the impact of harassment on the mental health of politicians. i began by asking her about theirfindings. we surveyed all the politicians in new zealand about eight years ago and had an incredible response rate. so 87% of politicians responded to our survey. and what we found that almost nine out of ten of them had been had suffered unwanted harassment. but the degree of harassment was also really high. and this is what surprised us, that it wasn'tjust unwanted communication, but politicians were having people turning up at their homes. they were being threatened, receiving death threats

and approached in public. and this was quite a chronic stressor for mps in new zealand and they worried a lot about their staff and their families and their wellbeing as well. now, ms sturgeon said she was unable to go for a walk or go for coffee with friends. how might the fear of being unable to go out affect a person's life? so is being a politician, which is an incredibly tough job anyway. and then the added stress or of not being able to unwind for that. so the things that you and i might do to manage stress — go out for a walk, catch up with friends for a coffee. there's always the sense of hypervigilance there. if you had been approached, threatened in those kind

of situations before that, that could happen again. so an example might be if if we heard a noise outside our house at night, we might assume it's the next door neighbor's cat into the rubbish again. but if people have come to your house at night, they know where you live and you've been receiving these sorts of threats online, yourfirst thought might go to the conspiracy theorist who sent you a photo of a carving knife and one of your kids. now briefly, neither ms sturgeon orjacinda ardern said harassment was causes of their resignation. but how might that constant level of stress be a factor in the burn—out situation? yeah. i think it's highly likely to add to that burn—out because it does mean that you don't get the chance to unwind and have time out. so a constant level of hypervigilance, activation of the sympathetic nervous system and anxiety you might be feeling on behalf of others that you care about as well, that your job may be putting other people, your staff, or particularly your family at risk as well. researchers using an

underwater robot have found that antarctic glaciers may be more sensitive to changes in sea temperature than was previously thought. if it melted completely, the thwaites glacier would raise sea levels by more than half a metre. 0ur climate editor, justin rowlatt, joined the scientists on the ice. west antarctica is a challenging place to work. it is the stormiest part of the world's stormiest continent. it took more than a month and more than a dozen flights to get the scientists and their equipment to the front of the glacier. ice—hardened ships brought in fuel and other bulky supplies, which were then dragged over the ice in an epic 1,000 mile overland journey. this was the final destination. a campsite at the point this vast glacier goes afloat. if we are thinking about what is sea level going to be like in ten years, this glacier is the place to be.

boilers turned snow into water. hot water was used to melt down into the ice. this is a historic moment. the first time anyone has tried to drill down through this glacier. beneath the 600 metres of ice below me is the most important point of all, the point at which the ice meets the ocean water. for the first time ever, scientists could take measurements under the ice, to the surprise of some local creatures. they sent down ice fin, a remotely operated robot submarine, packed with scientific instruments. 0h—ho—ho! yes! what we could see is that instead of this kind of flat ice that we had all pictured, there were all kinds of staircases and cracks in the ice that weren't really expected. a team from the british antarctic survey using different instruments also found that the overall melt rate was lower than expected.

it showed how sensitive the glacier is to even small changes in sea water temperature. what the results show us is that you actually don't need to increase the melt rate that much to drive very fast retreat. so has the glacier passed a tipping point where collapse becomes inevitable? 0ur observations don't necessarily tell us that, but what it does tell us is how the ice shelf is currently melting and we can use that knowledge from today to produce better models which will tell us more about the future. thwaites is at the bottom of the world, but what happens here will affect us all. the better the processes that work under this glacier are understood, the better forecasts we will have of how our seas will rise in the decades to come. forewarned is forearmed, they say. that is particularly important because carbon emissions, which are driving the processes warming this glacier, continue to rise rapidly. justin rowlatt,

bbc news, thwaites glacier. the earliest and most complete hebrew bible ever discovered, is to be sold at auction, and is expected to fetch as much as 50 million dollars. the volume, referred to as the codex sassoon, dates back more than 1,000 years. london—based auction house sotheby�*s says it is a critical link between the dead sea scrolls and the bible of today. its valuation makes it the most costly historical document or manuscript to appear at auction. this bible was written in the year 900, approximately the year 900, and this has been confirmed by both carbon dating analysis, which was done in the last years, as well as by scholars who have studied this manuscript and have confirmed it through paleo graphical and ecological research. hollywood movie star raquel welch, who became an international sex symbol

in the 1960s, has died aged 82. she won a golden globe award for her performance in the three musketeers film and is often credited with breaking the mould for modern day action heroines. david sillitoe looks back at her life. raquel welch did not expect anyone to remember what she thought was just a "silly dinosaur movie". but one million years bc, with its giant malevolent turtles, poor grasp of evolution, and prehistoric bikinis, turned raquel welch into a star of teenage bedrooms across the world. "in one fell swoop, everything about the real me was," she said, "swept away." # you make me feel so young...#. it was pretty clear how she was being marketed. coffee ? in bedazzled, she was given the role of lilian lust. strong, black and sweet. in public, she played the role.

two mountainous spoons full! but she said she had little control over her career. # now, listen here, boy! # i used to be a square...#. she was bornjo raquel tejada, the daughter of a bolivian engineer, and her heart really lay in song and dance — light—hearted, old—school glamour. a lot of people want to be great artists. i don't know that i'm capable of being that, but i hope i entertain a few people, you know? the producer behind many of her projects was the man she married in 1967 — film producer patrick curtis. it would be fair to say she was better known than many of her films. never again will i let you go into such terrible danger. but she did win a golden globe for the three musketeers. # i can rub and scrub this house # till it's shining just like a dime...#. and on stage and television, she did get a chance to show off her song and dance skills. # you got the shake and i got the shimmy...#.

raquel welch had set out wanting to be ginger rogers and ended up being defined by a doe—skin bikini. that was david sillitoe on the life of raquel welsh, who's died at the age of 82. rare video has just been released of the titanic ocean liner, which hit an iceberg and sunk on its maiden voyage from the uk to new york, in 1912. most of this new footage has never been made available for public viewing. it was shot by divers in 1986 at a depth of about three kilometres. the material is being released in celebration of the 25th anniversary ofjames cameron's 0scar winning film, titanic, which has been remastered. almost 1500 passengers died in the disaster. and that is it for us for now. you can reach me on twitter @lmmisztak.

hello. the last few days have been pretty settled with high pressure in charge, but things are about to change and thursday is going to be an overcast day across most of the uk. drizzle if not rain, really very murky conditions to start with. and then towards the end of the week, it could actually turn very wild across some northern parts of the uk. we'll get to that. here's the satellite picture. here's all of that cloud moving off the atlantic. it's a small weather system that will be moving across the uk during the course of thursday and there are more weather systems out in the atlantic coming our way. so, early in the morning, we have thick cloud across many parts of england, wales and northern ireland. outbreaks of rain, drizzle, hill fog too, mild with that — 5 to 7 celsius. but across the north

of scotland, we will have had clear skies, so perhaps a touch of frost. so really very murky, grey, overcast, whatever you want to call it, first thing in the morning. later in the day, it does look as though most of that rain should peter out, at least across england and wales, and we'll see one or two bright or sunny spells — with a bit of luck, one or two decent sunny spells. 13 or 14 celsius in the south, a little bit cooler in the north. now, on to friday — nasty low pressure will be sweeping across scotland. that is going to bring severe gales. exactly where the worst of the winds will be, still a little uncertain, but it does look as though it's northern scotland that will get the worst of the winds, but not only northern scotland, it's also going to get very windy through the lowlands and particularly to the northeast of england, so the east of the pennines — in fact, the apps are already indicating gusts of over 70 miles an hour, for example, in newcastle. so, these winds will cause problems, disruption, possibly blow some trees down as well. so, really keep track of the forecast. the details may change,

but it does look as though it's the northern half of the uk that will be very blustery and quite possibly stormy for a time. later on friday, the winds will die down and then in the south, actually, it shouldn't be too bad. breezy, yes, but we're not going to get the gales, and it will stay mild — up to around 14 celsius. now, here's a daisy chain of weather systems as we go through the weekend. so, more cloud pushing our way. i don't think it's going to be raining particularly heavily, but i think there will be a lot of cloud during the course of saturday and sunday, but one or two glimmers of brightness, too, and on the mild side. bye— bye.

this is bbc news. the headlines. thousands of syrian refugees who fled to turkey to avoid the civil war have arrived at the border hoping to go back to their home country — after last week's earthquakes. turkey has said it will allow them to leave for up to six months. a court in the united states has sentenced a 19 year old, white teenager to life in prison — without parole, for killing ten black people at a supermarket in buffalo, new york state, last year. payton gendron live—streamed the attack on social media. an italian court has acquitted the former prime minister, silvio berlusconi, of bribing witnesses to lie about his "bunga bunga" — sex parties. he was accused of paying people to provide false testimony. mr berlusconi insisted the parties were simply

elegant dinners.