this is bbc news. he will have the headlines and all the main new stories for you at the top of the hour straight after this news programme. this week, we're walking on sunshine. yes, paul carter and the waves are catching some rays on the water. mark bangs the drums as he gets lost in the latest psvr2 headset. and zoe's walking on broken glass.

but don't worry, she's on the mend. do i get the job? er, yes. ido? fantastic! are you sure? here on click, we've been lucky enough to visit some of the most beautiful parts of the world. yet what goes on beneath the surface in some of these places can serve as the starkest reminder of the effects of pollution and climate change on our world. and sometimes it's also places like here, the fjords off norway, where some of the most inspiring ideas come to life. like this island of floating solar panels. oh, thank you! i made it. wow, we're walking on water. i remember you wobbling about on that solar array in the fjord. it was only like a few millimetres thick under your feet, wasn't it? yeah, it was all about the material. it had to be light enough that it

could do the job whilst also being strong enough to be able to withstand any weather conditions. well, fortunately, today's one is much sturdier. and just to prove that you can build little islands of nature anywhere you want, we're currently at the camley street nature park here in the very heart of london. and now paul carter's taking the next step in floating solar farms. he's been to portugal to see the country's latest innovation. over the past two years, energy prices have soared to record levels, leading to some countries increasing their efforts to harness the potential of their available renewable power sources. blessed with its sunny climate, portugal is perfectly placed to accelerate its shift to solar. although you may not have seen a solar farm like this before. i'm on the alqueva reservoir in the south of the country to see a solar array from a different perspective. it's the size of five football

pitches and is home to more than 12,000 photovoltaic panels. so you'd normally expect to see something like this taking up lots of space in a field. this is actually a floating solar farm, and it's the largest of its kind in europe to be located on a reservoir. and it can generate enough electricity to power 1500 homes in the local area. and it's a pretty impressive sight. construction of the platform began in january 2022 and was finally moored in place five months later. byjuly, it was supplying power to a quarter of the population in the neighbouring portel and moura regions. with a price tag of 6 million euros, the solution isn't cheap, but energy firm edp estimates the solar farm will recoup its investment in a decade. but there's a particular reason why the solar farm was built at this spot. namely, its proximity

to the alqueva dam. the hydroelectric plant only used one third of the capacity of the power line, so we have two thirds available. and then the objective was to use that available capacity to inject an additional renewable source, in this case solar, so we created this hybrid concept. so we combine solar and hydropower on the same power line, sharing the same infrastructure. but there are other benefits to having a solar platform on water. being closer to the water surfaces, we reduce the temperature of the panel and then we increase the efficiency of the panels. we observed an increase in efficiency up to 10% and annual average increase of around 4% in increase of production. large platforms like this one also cool water temperatures by shielding the surface from the sun.

this not only reduces evaporation, but prevents the growth of blooms of blue—green algae, which can produce harmful toxins. but there is one rather messy downside to having such a large platform on the water. and one thing that i couldn't help but notice when we were looking at the panels is the local birds leave some gifts behind. what kind of impact does that have and how do you manage that? when they are very dirty, it has an impact on the efficiency of the panels. we are doing some proof of concepts with a robot. we have the idea to have autonomous robots doing these clean—ups with some artificial intelligence, also predicting when is the best time to do this clean—up. and with thousands of panels, that's potentially a lot of clean—up.

but that begs another question. with all these panels sat on a concrete platform, what's keeping the platform afloat? this is it. it's pretty mind blowing to think that this can support hundreds of tonnes of concrete and solar panels. that's right. it doesn't seem like it, but it works! these floating systems will have to last for about ten years, more oi’ less. you have a lot of mechanical stress on the platform. so essentially what we try to do is to design a compound that can have the best of both worlds — recycled polyethylene and cork. but despite their advantages, it's estimated that currently less than i% of the world's solar installations are floating. this is in part due to cost, and being able to position panels at an optimum angle to maximise their output. but already, new tech is being developed that allows a solar farm, like this one in the netherlands, to track the sun throughout the day, rather like a sunflower does.

it's claimed that sun—tracking installations could increase energy production by a third. and so the future looks bright for solar, where every country, landlocked or not, can become its own energy island. that was paul. isn't it interesting that those solar platforms were floating an old bits of plastic and cork? i mean, normally we want to get that sort of stuff out of the water, don't we? absolutely, and we've been speaking to a company that's gained a lot of attention and investment by using giant nets and ai robots to deal with the global problem of plastic pollution. obviously it's been way harder than i ever imagined it to be. it's the immensity of the problem. there's a lot of plastic that's already in the ocean. there's 60 years of legacy in these ocean garbage patches that needs to be cleaned up.

my name is boyan slat, and i'm the founder and ceo at the ocean cleanup. there's two things that we do. on one hand, we clean up the legacy pollution in these ocean garbage patches. we developed these very long u—shaped barriers, that we pull forth at a very slow speed so that it's safe for marine life, and filters out the plastic, retains that, and then every few days we take the system out vertically, we take the plastic to land for recycling. the current system that we have out there, 800 metres in length, but already it has cleaned up almost 200,000 kilos of plastic, which is 0.2% of the whole great pacific garbage patch. we are still developing the next generation of cleaning

technology we call system 03. we're deploying that in the summer of 2023. we are making the system three times as big, so 2,400 metres. this will clean up at thrice the rate. and then our models show that if we deploy roughly ten of those systems, we can actually clean up most of the great pacific garbage patch by the end of the decade. so rivers really are the arteries that carry trash from land to sea. so when it rains, plastic washes from streets into creeks into rivers and then ultimately to the ocean. so we have developed a collection of technologies we call interceptors, which are automated systems that we put in the mouth of rivers, and that catches the trash before it reaches the oceans. our flagship tool in our toolkit is what we call the interceptor original, which is this solar—powered autonomous robot, essentially, that has these conveyor belts to automatically scoop out

the trash, distribute it in dumpsters, and then when it's full, you can empty it and essentially keep cleaning. we've developed these ai—powered cameras. what we do is we attach these to bridges, and what it does is it automatically scans the amount of plastic that's flowing through a river. then we actually have a very similar technology that we use on the oceans, where we attach cameras to the bows of ships, which allows us to automatically scan the surface of the ocean. so far, with our ocean cleanup system in the great pacific garbage patch, and with our fleet of interceptors, we have collected more than two million kilos of trash, which on one hand is quite satisfying. on the other hand, of course, we know it's stilljust a very beginning of thisjourney, because our ultimate goal is to collect and stop more than 80% of all the plastic in the oceans.

time for a look at this week's tech news. twitter has announced that text message two—factor authentication will only be available for its paying subscribers. elon musk tweeted that its authenticator app would remain free, though, and it was more secure. experts are concerned that this opens users up to potential security threats. and after twitter implemented a premium twitter blue service last november, instagram and facebook have now followed suit. users there will also now be able to pay for a blue tick verification. meta verified will cost 11.99 a month on the web or 14.99 for iphone users. it's really going to be seen as an extra source of revenue because, of course, meta, as have other social media platforms, really been struggling because of the drop in advertising revenues. microsoft has defended its proposal to buy activision blizzard, makers of call of duty and candy crush, saying

the $68 billion deal will bring more choice to its gamers. this was the last chance for the company to persuade regulators that the largest deal in gaming history would not harm its competitors. wilson has designed a first of its kind 3d—printed basketball, which was introduced during the first round of the at&t slam dunk contest. the ball�*s made using powder and lasers, and it nearly fits performance regulations. however, nothing will change for the wilson nba official game ball. as the name suggests, psvr2 is the successor to 2016's 06 playstation vr. i've still got it. cosmetically, it's a pretty sleek headset. it does away with the jumble of cables and post—processing box that made the original playstation vr such a pain to set up and live with.

instead, it has just one cable which connects to the playstation 5 console via usb—c. that is it. thanks to the addition of four cameras on the outside of the headset, the player can see the space around them if they need to, and the device doesn't need the same sort of extravagant webcam and coloured light set—up that was the hallmark of the original. it comes with a set of headphones, although you can plug your own headphones into it if you want to. and then we have the two dedicated wireless controllers. they pretty much mimic the kind of features that you find on a normal playstation controller. so you've got thumbsticks here, triggers. to put the headset on, you have this button on the back, so it's adjustable. and then this little dial here allows you to get a perfect fit. inside, it sports a 4k oled display with a 110 degree field of view, and there are two more cameras inside the headset for eye tracking. it also makes use of something called foveated rendering, which uses the eye tracking cameras

to focus on where the player's eye is actually looking, maximising resolution in those areas. there's a small amount of haptic force feedback via the headset and controllers, but that can be a hit—and—miss affair. the virtual reality landscape has changed quite a bit in the last few years. there's now a wide variety of different headsets. as a result, there's a decent number of vr games actually available, and quite a few of them are being ported over to this device, which is a good thing because the old psvr back catalogue isn't compatible with the new headset. perhaps the game that shows off the potential of psvr2 best is horizon: call of the mountain... that woke 'em up. ..a homegrown effort from playstation, imagining its popular horizon: zero dawn franchise with its post—apocalyptic humans versus robotic dinosaur action. here you can see how the combat

really, really works. using a bow and arrow, you have to aim in exactly the same way as you would in the real world. the clue is in the name — call of the mountain. this game involves a lot of climbing. there's a little bit of haptic force feedback, but it's not as successful on this device as it is on other vr headsets. sometimes the little bit of feedback you get is a bit on the feeble side. the world is populated with things you can interact with. so, for example, i can bang this drum, like that. or i can pick up this over here, throw it... and it alljust adds to the level of immersion. one of playstation�*s great strengths has traditionally been in exclusive titles — games that can only be played on its platform. there's a massive question mark hanging over this bit of kit. how many third party developers will make really,

really great games specifically for this device? this is certainly a good vr headset, but i think on this evidence, one of its biggest stumbling blocks will be its price. at £529, it's more expensive than a ps5 console. meta's quest 2 is wireless and cheaper, but it's less powerful than playstation�*s offering. however, at this price point, i'm not convinced this device will take vr mainstream. now back to sustainability, and one thing we can all do is reuse the materials that have already been created. recycling is part of all of our lives these days, but of course it can go a lot further than just milk bottles and cardboard boxes. yeah, you can recycle so many different things — clothes, mobile phones. and one academic in zurich has even bigger ideas — whole buildings, as l] rich has been finding out.

it's an apocryphal story that the first time paper was recycled was way back in seventh century japan. then, alongside disco, the 1970s gave us the idea of sustainability for environmental reasons, and the birth of this iconic logo. since then, in our individual efforts to help the planet, we've been recycling our glass bottles and paper waste, one piece at a time. but one academic and entrepreneur believes we should be thinking bigger, a lot bigger — recycling entire buildings. urban mining is really about mining the city for building materials rather than mining the earth. # you'll see me getting back up, up, up # even when i fall down, down, down...# professor de wolf is working on a project to document and reuse parts of buildings for the construction industry.

in the construction industry, we have a lot of waste, a lot of greenhouse gas emissions and a lot of resource depletion. so we use a lot of raw materials to build our buildings. we also use a lot of energy and greenhouse gases to produce our building materials. we also waste a lot of our materials when we demolish a building to build a new one. so instead ofjust bringing this waste to landfill and then extracting more raw materials to build the new buildings, why don't we try to deconstruct a building carefully, so that we don't damage the materials, and then build new buildings with those materials? to do this, all the individual materials need to be carefully documented. sounds like the perfect task for a machine — faster, more accurate and less human effort. we go and scan the buildings. we make photos of the buildings. we use already existing photos, like google street view, for example, so that we can use the algorithms to automatically detect which materials are in the buildings.

and so we digitise the building stock. it was a summer project for her students which really brought this idea to life, giving rise to a dome entirely built from waste materials. they disassembled an entire building in two days only, and they also assembled this dome in only two days. and then in between the two, we taught them about digitalisation or circular construction. so it needs a process to put an identifying mark on each piece as it's extracted from the building. the answer - qr codes. so, first, we're going to take the wood that we designed for the dome and we'll put it inside the laser engraver. so this should take us to the database of the component that will have the information. it doesn't always work, though, as phones prefer qr codes on pieces of paper or screens,

not necessarily etched into wood. so a little bit of tlc later... oh, there we go, perfect. despite this concept being in the early stages of development, professor de wolf believes that this tech could change how buildings are designed. all of these technologies can really help make it faster and better and more convenient, and so also cheaper. so hopefully, all of the research that we do in these technologies can help us make the circular construction model more competitive than the linear one. with construction growing throughout the world, reusing materials does seem a sensible solution to creating new buildings sustainably and cheaply. the next mission is to see if it will work outside the lab. around 10,000 broken mobile phones make their way to this repair lab every single month.

and one of the main reasons is we keep dropping them. oops. lots of us have a story to tell. well, i've dropped my phone before and completely shattered it. and then i dropped it a second time on the same day, and it was completely broken. i was coming out of a club and i was trying to text one—handed. i opened it and i dropped it on the ground and it smashed. my best friends, like, - bailed on me the last moment. and i was, i got super furious, super angry, i and because i was on a call with them, and ijust hung| up on them, and ijust- smashed my phone on the wall. the staff here at tmt first in the uk are hard at work trying to repair broken gadgets, but the company's had trouble recruiting technicians because, while there are lots of phone repair courses, there's no industry standard. there's 33 million cars on the road and there's over 80 million mobile phones out there. there's an apprenticeship to be a car mechanic, but not an apprenticeship to be a repair technician. so there's already demand today

for a mobile device apprenticeship. to deal with the problem, this firm has set up its own academy for trainees who can soon find themselves in demand. i'm going shopping or something. everyone is like, "are you working on that company?" can you just tell me how i can fix this device?" or, "what's wrong with my software, something is weird?" experienced technicians can do up to 20 repairs each day, and the average repair costs between £150—200. the most common fix is, unsurprisingly, smashed screens. so we have here a device, where i will show you how to dis—assembly and assembly the device back. yeah. and you need to replicate the same process. 0k. questions? i'm not sure i'm going to remember everything, but i will try.

i'll have a go. 0k. this is fiddly. you need a steady hand and plenty of patience. you also have to wear special accessories to make sure you don't discharge any static, say, from walking on a carpet — a small amount can brick a gadget. does it work? yes, success! how long did that take? it's taken me about a0 minutes, but i have managed... ..to take this phone apart and put it back together again. wow. do i get thejob? er, yes. ido? fantastic! are you sure? we asked the institute of apprenticeships and technical education, a uk government agency, whether there are any plans for a phone repair apprenticeship in england. there is a proposal that's already been developed and fully approved. what we would need is a group of employers to come forward, to take that forward, to further develop it. we would absolutely support them to do that, but we need the employers to be at the centre of it to make sure it's fit for purpose and suits their needs. back in the lab, repaired phones are checked and return to their owners.

tmt first is trying to be more environmentally sound with its repair methods. it can now replace the screens on some handsets without having to discard the battery and the outside frame as well. and those phones that really can't be repaired, well, they get taken apart and put in the shredder. the aim is to get all of the precious metals, which includes gold, out and then reuse it, possibly in your next mobile phone. and that's all we've got time for. yeah. thanks for watching, see you soon. bye— bye. hello. it hasn't being a particularly

dramatic day weather—wise, and things will stay quite quiet over the next couple of days. but i want to draw your attention to what is on the way next week, something colder with the chance of some snow. more on that to come, but let's start with a look back at the satellite picture from a little earlier on today. you can see that cloud amounts did vary across the uk. quite a lot of sunshine across southern england, wales, the midlands. further north, there was more in the way of cloud. that cloud producing some showers, and actually through the night, i think we'll see more cloud rolling back into southern and central parts of england, getting across into east wales as well. northern ireland and southern scotland often quite cloudy. but with some clear spells, north—west scotland is likely to see a frost and there could be a touch of frost for a time in the far south—west of england and the far west of wales. but these areas could well start tomorrow with some spells of sunshine. generally there will be some quite large areas of cloud around through the day. still capable of producing the odd spot of rain, the odd light shower. the skies perhaps brightening for northern england and east anglia through the afternoon, and across scotland,

there should be some sunshine. although the northern isles will be quite showery and quite breezy as well. temperatures around seven, eight or nine degrees. and then as we head into the weekend, this frontal system starts to push its way in from the north. it is a cold front, and it will start to introduce some slightly colder air. not a dramatic change at this point, but the frontal system will bring a band of clouds and some splashes of rain into north—east scotland, eventually into eastern parts of england. further west, mainly dry, some sunny spells, but i think increasing amounts of cloud. temperatures 8—9 degrees for most of us, but three degrees there for lerwick, a sign of things to come. as we get into sunday, the air turns a little bit colder, and so some of the showers will start to turn wintry, particularly over high ground. some more persistent rain with some sleet mixing in across the north of scotland, and temperature starting to come down just a little. now, as we move into next week, this is when we see a real surge of cold air pushing down from the north.

with that, it will often be quite windy, so that will accentuate the chilly feel, and it is certainly going to be cold enough for snow to fall. although the detail of exactly where and when that might happen remains open to some uncertainty. we will keep you posted.

hello, i'm christian fraser. you're watching the context on bbc news. former attorney alex murdaugh stands accused of murdering his wife and son paul. behind the double murder comes layer upon layer of alleged criminal activity in a case with many twists. the final report from an inquiry the manchester arena into the manchester arena attack concludes that the uk's security service, m15, missed a "significant opportunity" to prevent the attack i am profoundly sorry that m15 did not prevent the attack. tonight with the context: amanda renteria, hillary clinton's former national

political director, and the writer and broadcaster chris morris.