this is bbc news, broadcasting in the uk and around the globe. our top stories... after years of talks, a landmark agreement to safeguard the world's oceans. we will formally adopt the text in all six official languages of the united nations. china says it will boost military spending by more than 7% this year and will train more of its soldiers under combat conditions. israel sees the largest protests so far against the government's planned judicial reforms. separation of powers is very important and they want to cut the judicial independence and i think it's very dangerous. and prince harry describes writing his memoir as an act of service in the hope that sharing

details will help others. once the book came out, i felt incredibly free. i felt a huge weight off my shoulders. hello and welcome to bbc news. a historic agreement to protect the world's oceans has been approved, after ten years of talks. the high seas treaty aims to safeguard marine life in 30% of areas that don't belong to any single country. only about 1% of these areas are currently protected. the deal is being hailed as a massive step by climate activists, as our reporter esme stalla rd reports. the ship has reached the shore. cheering and applause it took all night, but countries from around the world finally agreed on how to protect the high seas.

high seas are international waters that aren't controlled by any nation. we will formally adopt the text in all six official languages of the united nations. high seas are international waters that aren't controlled by any nation. they make up two thirds of the world's oceans and play host to most of our planet's marine life — some 2 million species. until now, all countries had a right to fish, ship and research in these areas, but it's left the animals and plants living there vulnerable. around 10% of monitored species are at risk of extinction. i think that this treaty that will lay the groundwork for creating 30% of the ocean into marine sanctuaries that cannot be fished in is so important. we have to save these creatures. talks were deadlocked for years, mostly over how genetic material

from plants and animals found in the high seas should be shared between nations. several important drugs, including treatments for covid, hiv and cancer, were developed from marine life. the potential for profit is huge. but no—one knows how much ocean resources are truly worth, nor how they could be split. it's a little bit hard to even wrap our heads around how big and how distant these areas are. if you imagine, like, a big high—definition wide—screen tv and if only, like, three or four of the pixels on that giant screen are working, that's kind of our knowledge of the deep ocean. we don't know so much of what's going on. countries will need to meet again to formally adopt the treaty. but for many, now there will be much relief. esme stallard, bbc news. i'm joined now byjessica battle, senior global ocean governance and policy expert at wwf.

a lot of people very happy about the agreement. talk us through it. truth? agreement. talk us through it. why is it so agreement. talk us through it. “twig is it so significant? it agreement. talk us through it. will is it so significant? it is very significant because it is the first time we have a treaty that can make sure we achieve protection on the high seas. never before have we been able to have a mechanism that makes shippers, fishes, biodiversity protectors and others working together to formally adopt and protect established areas. explain, as we were — protect established areas. explain, as we were hearing _ protect established areas. explain, as we were hearing in _ protect established areas. explain, as we were hearing in the - protect established areas. explain, as we were hearing in the clip - protect established areas. explain, | as we were hearing in the clip about how large an area it is we are talking about, how will it be policed? who will be responsible for implementing the agreements? figs implementing the agreements? is always, in international waters, implementing the agreements? is always, in internationalwaters, it is the governments responsible. what is the governments responsible. what is new in the agreement is they are forced to collaborate and i will be a mechanism for working together —— there will be a mechanism for

working together to develop agreements but to make sure any disputes can be heard and taken into account and formally discussed and addressed. fine account and formally discussed and addressed. ., , , . . , ~ , addressed. one aspect which strikes me as fascinating _ addressed. one aspect which strikes me as fascinating as _ addressed. one aspect which strikes me as fascinating as the _ addressed. one aspect which strikes me as fascinating as the genetic - me as fascinating as the genetic material aspect and how important it can be, so hard to gaugejust how important it is, you don't know what will be found yet and how much of a use it can be. talk us through what was decided on that aspect. what use it can be. talk us through what was decided on that aspect. what was decided was developing _ was decided on that aspect. what was decided was developing countries - decided was developing countries would get a share of the proceeds from the products developed out of marine genetic resources. pharmaceuticals, for example. money will change hands. but exactly how that will happen is still not really decided and agreed upon and it is very, very hard to know how much money will actually be flowing from this industry. but it is a very

important decision and very important decision and very important ask by many developing countries that benefits will be shared. they are international waters, they are the responsibility and rights of everyone. stiiiii waters, they are the responsibility and rights of everyone.— and rights of everyone. still quite and rights of everyone. still quite a bit more _ and rights of everyone. still quite a bit more to _ and rights of everyone. still quite a bit more to do. _ and rights of everyone. still quite a bit more to do. the _ and rights of everyone. still quite a bit more to do. the countries i and rights of everyone. still quite i a bit more to do. the countries need to meet again to officially ratify it. doesn't have to be domestic ratification and all of the steps to implement the protected zones, what kind of timescale are we looking at for concrete action? we kind of timescale are we looking at for concrete action?— kind of timescale are we looking at for concrete action? we are hoping the treaty will _ for concrete action? we are hoping the treaty will go _ for concrete action? we are hoping the treaty will go into _ for concrete action? we are hoping the treaty will go into force - for concrete action? we are hoping the treaty will go into force in - for concrete action? we are hoping the treaty will go into force in a - the treaty will go into force in a couple of years. we need a bunch of signatures to do that. the treaties reflect the 60 countries, 60 countries to sign the treaty first. and it has to be incorporated into national legislation and then the states are bound by it, legally bound to implement the treaty. that is really important. they will have

to be submissions into the process of protected areas, where they should be, how they should be managed and what needs to be regulated. for example, if there is fishing in the area, how it should be regulated or stopped to avoid biodiversity loss.— be regulated or stopped to avoid biodiversity loss. thank you from the wwf. good _ biodiversity loss. thank you from the wwf. good to _ biodiversity loss. thank you from the wwf. good to see _ biodiversity loss. thank you from the wwf. good to see people . biodiversity loss. thank you from i the wwf. good to see people happy about news content these days. thank you. china will increase military spending by more than 7% this year, with the premier, li keqiang, calling for more training under combat conditions. speaking at the opening of the country's parliament, mr li said attempts to contain china were escalating. beijing's military budget, more than $200 billion, is still dwarfed by that of the united states which is four times greater. the gathering is being used by president xi jinping to further consolidate his power. i'm joined now by didi tang, beijing correspondent for the british newspaper the times.

talk us through this military spending and how significant it is. every year when congress, national peoples congress, when they meet and one of the things on the agenda is to improve the annual budget, this is always of high interest —— approve the annual budget, always interested in how much money will be spent in china on the military. the military spending this year has been increasing at a higher rate than national gdp growth. this year it will increase by 7.2%. whereas the target for economic growth is around 5%. the 7.2% increase in military spending in the budget is coming after china posted a 3% increase in

gdp for 2022. this is sort of like china trying to accelerate or keep up china trying to accelerate or keep up or trying to make up for the loss, trying to bring its military spending. the rivalry between us and china, always seen what china will do, higher military budget, and the spokesperson for the chinese national people's congress. he said at the press conference yesterday, reasonable, china needs to boost, needs to have higher military spending. because, you know... i was spending. because, you know... iwas 'ust auoin spending. because, you know... iwas just going to — spending. because, you know... iwas just going to say. _ spending. because, you know... iwas just going to say. in — spending. because, you know... iwas just going to say, in general setting a goal of 5% for general growth and in terms... general economy. the question is, what does it tell you that some are quite a

low number, isn't it, for china? not for other countries around the world, but for china, 5% is quite a modest ambition. what does it tell us about the state of the economy? a lot of suffering because of the zero covert policy and how able they will be to recover quickly from that —— zero covid policy. be to recover quickly from that -- zero covid policy.— be to recover quickly from that -- zero covid policy. china expects to rebound from _ zero covid policy. china expects to rebound from the _ zero covid policy. china expects to rebound from the zero _ zero covid policy. china expects to rebound from the zero covid - zero covid policy. china expects to| rebound from the zero covid policy from the last three years. the chinese economy only grew by 3% in 2022 and that is one of the slowest in decades. 2020, first year of the pandemic, growth was also pretty low, but 2022, for china to grow only 3%... a lot of catch—up to do and i think what we have seen here in the past several weeks as there has been pent up demand and people want to go out to shop and travel. the government is looking forward to

some kind of very robust economic recovery. at the same time, they also know the conditions have changed. you are talking about the us — china rivalry and in china i think the government wants to be less ambitious, they want to be more steady and indeed do not want to get their hopes too high so that is why they are setting the growth target at 5%, which is pretty conservative, in my opinion, probably china can do better than 5%. they don't want to better than 5%. they don't want to be too ambitious. last year china was setting economic growth at 5.5%. of course at the end of the 3%. things can happen and china wants to be more conservative when setting the target for 2023.— the target for 2023. good to have our the target for 2023. good to have your thoughts. — the target for 2023. good to have your thoughts, thank _ the target for 2023. good to have your thoughts, thank you -

the target for 2023. good to have your thoughts, thank you very - the target for 2023. good to have . your thoughts, thank you very much, beijing correspondent for the times. let me show you these live pictures from athens. thousands of students and railway workers are protesting outside parliament over last tuesday's rail disaster. earlier the greek prime minister, kyriakos mitsotakis, asked the families of the victims for forgiveness. at least 57 people — many of the students — died when two trains collided near the city of larissa. in a facebook post addressed to the nation, mr mitsotakis said he owed everyone an apology but especially the victims�* relatives. the collision between a passenger and a freight train — the country's worst—ever rail disaster — has caused nationwide outrage. those are live pictures coming to us from athens of a protest outside parliament. prime minister rishi sunak has said he's committed to ensuring that people who come to the uk illegally are removed as the government prepares to unveil new legislation this week to try to address the issue. the home secretary,

suella braverman, has suggested that british people are "sick of inadequate action" on migrant crossings. charities have said the proposals are extremely concerning. 0ur political correspondent, peter saull, is with me now. there have been a large number of channel crossings in the last year, a lot of talk about this in recent times. talk us through the new laws we are expecting this week. since the start of _ we are expecting this week. since the start of this _ we are expecting this week. since the start of this year, _ we are expecting this week. since the start of this year, 3000 - we are expecting this week. 6 “ice: the start of this year, 3000 they're about crossings, almost double the same amount in a similar winter period last year, very much an issue at the top of the political agenda. rishi sunak has made it one of his five priority is to stop the boats, in his words. there have been other stories, the issues which have dogged his predecessors, and he wants to move the issues on to an issue he believes is at the forefront of voters peoples minds. anyone who comes to the uk on a

small boat will be blocked from claiming asylum. some people have pointed out it looks fairly similar to legislation already passed by british parliament which means anyone arriving on a british bake is deemed an illegal immigrant and the former home secretary priti patel said it isjust former home secretary priti patel said it is just window dressing and she has accused the government of not coming up with anything new —— anyone arriving in britain on a boat. speaking to laura kuenssberg this morning... it is boat. speaking to laura kuenssberg this morning. . ._ this morning... it is part of a whole range _ this morning. .. it is part of a whole range of— this morning... it is part of a whole range of things, - this morning... it is part of a whole range of things, a - this morning... it is part of a l whole range of things, a whole gambit— whole range of things, a whole gambit of things, to try to both keep— gambit of things, to try to both keep people in home country or is close _ keep people in home country or is close to _ keep people in home country or is close to home country as we possibly can, to _ close to home country as we possibly can, to try— close to home country as we possibly can, to iryio— close to home country as we possibly can, to try to make sure they are looked _ can, to try to make sure they are looked after in the first free country _ looked after in the first free country they might come to, try and stop illegal— country they might come to, try and stop illegal people trafficking which — stop illegal people trafficking which is a huge part in this and crack_

which is a huge part in this and crack on — which is a huge part in this and crack on that, legislation attempt to return — crack on that, legislation attempt to return people who come here illegally, — to return people who come here illegally, a whole range of things. where _ illegally, a whole range of things. where are — illegally, a whole range of things. where are you proposing people go if they arrive here?— they arrive here? hopefully people we will aet they arrive here? hopefully people we will get to _ they arrive here? hopefully people we will get to the _ they arrive here? hopefully people we will get to the point _ they arrive here? hopefully people we will get to the point where - they arrive here? hopefully people we will get to the point where they are arriving — we will get to the point where they are arriving illegally... we will get to the point where they are arriving illegally. . ._ are arriving illegally... where should they _ are arriving illegally... where should they go? _ are arriving illegally... where should they go? it _ are arriving illegally... where should they go? it does - are arriving illegally... where should they go? it does not l are arriving illegally... where - should they go? it does not sound like what you have here is a practical proposal for the many thousands who have been arriving in the uk. i thousands who have been arriving in the uk. ., ., ., .. , thousands who have been arriving in theuk. . ., , the uk. i am not accepting your remise the uk. i am not accepting your premise because _ the uk. i am not accepting your premise because i _ the uk. i am not accepting your premise because i do _ the uk. i am not accepting your premise because i do not - the uk. i am not accepting your premise because i do not think| the uk. i am not accepting your- premise because i do not think there will be _ premise because i do not think there will be tens— premise because i do not think there will be tens of thousands of people coming _ will be tens of thousands of people coming if_ will be tens of thousands of people coming if we get this right, certainly— coming if we get this right, certainly illegally. we are accepting huge numbers of people legally— accepting huge numbers of people legally to come to the uk, but i believe — legally to come to the uk, but i believe this plan, this complete plan, _ believe this plan, this complete plan, will— believe this plan, this complete plan, will do the job. the plan, will do the “0b. the government's _ plan, will do the job. the government's plan - plan, will do the job. the government's plan to - plan, will do the job. tie: government's plan to send people plan, will do the job. ti2 government's plan to send people to rwanda, it has been in the courtside lot? , , ., ., 4' , rwanda, it has been in the courtside lot? , ., ~ , , lot? this is one of the key points, new legislation _ lot? this is one of the key points, new legislation announced - lot? this is one of the key points, new legislation announced week | lot? this is one of the key points, i new legislation announced week may well get in the courts as well, the rwanda policy is a long way from

getting off the ground, lots of campaigners charities campaigning against it, boiling down to the problem that laura kuenssberg was asking, if these people to come to the uk, where are you going to send them? if you cannot send them to rwanda, you cannot send them back to the eu, we no longer have a returns agreement with the eu post—brexit, what are you going to do? it intensifies the pressures on talks happening later this week between rishi sunak and the french president emmanuel macron. there has been perhaps an improvement in relations between uk and the eu with a deal on trading arrangements for northern ireland. both leaders will hope the talks bear some fruit.— ireland. both leaders will hope the talks bear some fruit. another issue talked about — talks bear some fruit. another issue talked about a _ talks bear some fruit. another issue talked about a lot _ talks bear some fruit. another issue talked about a lot in _ talks bear some fruit. another issue talked about a lot in the _ talks bear some fruit. another issue talked about a lot in the uk - talks bear some fruit. another issue talked about a lot in the uk this - talked about a lot in the uk this week as sue gray, senior civil servant people rein macro may remember investigated the apparent lockdown parties of borisjohnson's government and her move to labour ——

senior civil servant people may remember. senior civil servant people may remember-— senior civil servant people may remember. . , . , , , remember. the civil services because su - osed remember. the civil services because supposed to — remember. the civil services because supposed to be _ remember. the civil services because supposed to be completely _ remember. the civil services because supposed to be completely impartial, supporters of borisjohnson, her report was one of the various things that ultimately contributed to his downfall, have suggested it was not entirely impartial, the report, but that suggestion has been pushed back very strongly indeed by lots of civil servants. potentially taking this job at keir starmer�*s chief of staff, a lot of people are potentially quite concerned about if the rules have been properly followed here. the other guest on laura's programme this morning was a senior labourfigure laura's programme this morning was a senior labour figurejonathan senior labour figure jonathan ashworth and senior labour figurejonathan ashworth and he was asked how long keir starmer had been talking to sue gray about this appointment. brute keir starmer had been talking to sue gray about this appointment. we know keir starmer — gray about this appointment. we know keir starmer has _ gray about this appointment. we know keir starmer has been _ gray about this appointment. we know keir starmer has been for _ gray about this appointment. we know keir starmer has been for several - keir starmer has been for several weeks _ keir starmer has been for several weeks now— keir starmer has been for several weeks now looking for someone to fill this_ weeks now looking for someone to fill this role. she was always going to be _ fill this role. she was always going to be on— fill this role. she was always going to be on the list. was fill this role. she was always going

to be on the list.— fill this role. she was always going to be on the list._ she i fill this role. she was always going to be on the list._ she is| to be on the list. was she? she is uuite to be on the list. was she? she is quite rightly _ to be on the list. was she? she is quite rightly going _ to be on the list. was she? she is quite rightly going to _ to be on the list. was she? she is quite rightly going to go - to be on the list. was she? she is quite rightly going to go for - to be on the list. was she? she is quite rightly going to go for a - quite rightly going to go for a process, _ quite rightly going to go for a process, proper procedures in place when _ process, proper procedures in place when a _ process, proper procedures in place when a senior civil servant believes the civil_ when a senior civil servant believes the civil service and i am sure she will set _ the civil service and i am sure she will set it— the civil service and i am sure she will set it all— the civil service and i am sure she will set it all out when she has those — will set it all out when she has those conversations. do will set it all out when she has those conversations.— will set it all out when she has those conversations. do you know when those _ those conversations. do you know when those conversations - those conversations. do you know when those conversations began? j those conversations. do you knowl when those conversations began? i those conversations. do you know - when those conversations began? i am not ri to when those conversations began? i am not privy to hr — when those conversations began? not privy to hr decisions in the labour— not privy to hr decisions in the labour party. not privy to hr decisions in the labour party-— not privy to hr decisions in the labour party. not privy to hr decisions in the labourpa ., ., �*, ., labour party. jonathan ashworth said also, look, labour party. jonathan ashworth said also. look. it— labour party. jonathan ashworth said also. look. it is— labour party. jonathan ashworth said also, look, it is obvious _ labour party. jonathan ashworth said also, look, it is obvious she - labour party. jonathan ashworth said also, look, it is obvious she would i also, look, it is obvious she would have been on the list. labour are telling me on the list does not mean they have been in talks. they are also saying keir starmer and sue gray have known each other for some time, they are not close friends. inevitably questions will be asked about this. i understand she will be submitting her application to the body looking independently at this kind of thing, civil servants and ministers moving to and from whitehall and westminster, and she will have to as part of that process she acknowledges say how long she has been talking to the labour party

as part of it. has been talking to the labour party as part of it— as part of it. thank you for talking us through — as part of it. thank you for talking us through it- _ regulated railfares in england and wales will today see their steepest rise for more than a decade, despite record poor reliability. they will rise by 5.9%. the increase will add hundreds of pounds to the cost of many annual season tickets, even though the government says it's stepped in to keep the rise below the rate of inflation. large rallies have taken place across israel for the ninth consecutive week in protest at the government's plans to overhaul the judicial system. tens of thousands of demonstrators gathered in tel aviv, where police used water cannons to clear the crowds. there were also some clashes injerusalem. 0ur reporter sofia bettiza reports. for the ninth week in a row, tens of thousands of israelis took to the streets in the capital, jerusalem, and in tel aviv. they've been protesting

against a controversial plan by prime minister benjamin netanyahu that would allow ministers to choose supreme courtjudges and would limit the court's powers. tonight, we came to express our democratic rights and to fight for what's right and to hope that there will be a constitution and the separation of authorities will remain as it is and will improve, without impulsive reforms and without crazy people in the parliament. parliament includes a number of nationalist religious parties that have made changes to the justice system a key priority. they say that the supreme court needs to be reigned in from overreaching into the political sphere. but many fear that this will weaken the court and give the government too much influence when appointing judges. the separation of powers is very

important and they want to cut the judicial independence and i think it's very dangerous. besides, what's very dangerous is the way this government is treating palestinians and the fact that it wants to annex big parts of the west bank. it's very extreme, nationalist, racist, religious, even fascist government. these were the largest demonstrations so far against the government's judicial reforms. they were largely peaceful. but later in the night, things turned violent. some people broke down barricades... ..and blocked highways. the police used water cannons to clear the crowds. and things are getting increasingly tense. earlier this week, police in tel aviv fired stun grenades at protesters. but with many people fearing that

democracy in israel is under threat, those tensions are likely to get worse. sofia bettiza, bbc news. let's get some of the day's other news. donald trump has revealed he plans to stay in the race for the us presidency next year — even if he's charged in connection with one of several criminal investigations into his activities. he was speaking at a conference of conservative activists in washington. the french football star kylian mbappe has become the top goal scorer in the history of his club, paris st germain. he scored his 201st goal near the end of psg's victory over nantes on saturday. prince harry has described writing his book spare as an act of service and says he hopes that sharing details of his life will help others. here's our royal correspondent daniela relph.

good morning, harry. for an hour and a half, they talked. it had the feel of a therapy session. prince harry on grief, family and trauma. i certainly don't see myself as a victim. i'm really grateful to be able to share my story. i do not and i have never looked for sympathy in this. you had to buy a ticket to watch the online conversation. each one came with a copy of spare. harry described writing his book as an act of service and spoke of feeling trapped within the royal family. i always felt slightly different to the rest of my family. ifelt strange being in this, erm, container, and i know that my mum felt the same. now 38 years old, dad to a son and a daughter, he vowed not to repeat what he saw as past mistakes.

i, as a father, feel a huge responsibility to ensure that i don't pass on any traumas that... ..orany, iguess, negative experiences that i've had as a kid or as a man growing up. harry was candid about his own mental health. dr gabor mate even diagnosed him as having attention deficit disorder, a condition that affects behaviour, and they spoke of using psychedelic medication. i started doing it recreationally and then started to realise how good it was for me. and i would say that it is one of the fundamental parts of my life that changed me and helped me deal with the traumas and the pains of the past. 0n serving in afghanistan, not all of us agreed with the war, he said, but we did what we were trained to do. there was, though, nothing about his current relationship with the royal family.

no questions on whether he'd be at his father's coronation. and as to his wife, meghan, he described her as an "exceptional human being" to whom he was eternally grateful. daniela relph, bbc news. let me show you these live pictures from athens where thousands of students and railway workers are protesting outside parliament over last tuesday's rail disaster. it is thought around 7500 people may have turned up there today. at least 57 people — many of them students — died when two trains collided near the city of larissa. earlier, the greek prime minister, kyriakos mitsotakis, asked the families of the victims for forgiveness. in a facebook post addressed to the nation, mr mitsotakis said he owed everyone an apology but especially the victims�* relatives. the collision between a passenger and a freight train — the country's worst—ever rail

disaster — has caused nationwide outrage. thanks for watching. goodbye. it feels chilly enough already today but things are going to get colder over the week ahead. today a lot of cloud around, let or no sunshine and probably a few more showers than yesterday, particularly in northern ireland and northern scotland, wintry over the tops of them mountains. a bit chillier than yesterday. more cloud and showers overnight. the change comes across scotland with the band of rain and sleet and snow over the hills and following that the air gets cold and ice and a frost. the cloud could break up in eastern england beating

the frost on monday morning. things are getting colder with a northerly wind across the whole of the uk bringing cold airfrom the wind across the whole of the uk bringing cold air from the arctic and that follows the band of rain here, may be sleet and snow over the pennines, moving south, and ahead of that, a lot of cloud but also showers. sunshine for northern england, scotland, northern ireland, snow showers in northern scotland. this band of cloud and rain moving south with the cold air in behind could bring snow even in southern parts of england for a time. frosty and icy start to tuesday morning. many places will be dry with sunshine. temperatures on tuesday, four, five, colder than today. factoring in the strong northerly wind affecting northern scotland and

the east coast of england, feeling particularly cold here. a reminder of what is to come on monday and tuesday, snow showers in northern and eastern scotland and north—east england, as much as 20 centimetres falling over higher parts of northern scotland. after that, tuesday night, widespread clear skies and light winds, widespread sharp frost, temperatures as low as -10. sharp frost, temperatures as low as —10. after that, the future is more uncertain because the forecast keeps changing, still looking cold but with weather fronts coming in, the chance of snow a little more widely.

this is bbc news, the headlines nations have reached a landmark agreement to protect the world's oceans following ten years of negotiations. china says it will boost military spending by more than 7% this year and will train more of its soldiers

under combat conditions. israel sees the largest protests so far against the government's planned judicial reforms. and prince harry describes writing his memoir as an act of service — he hopes that sharing details will help others. now it's time for political thinking with nick robinson. hello and welcome to political thinking, a conversation rather than a news interrogation. my guest this week is an mp whose heroes have included tony benn, arthur scargill, and borisjohnson. he is a man who, depending on your point of view, tells it like it really is, or relishes insulting those unable to fight back.