this is bbc news — welcome if you're watching here in the uk or around the globe. our top stories. after a decade of talks, more than 100 un member states agree on a treaty to protect our oceans. the ship has reached the shore. applause. china will boost military spending by more than 7% and will train more of its soldiers under combat conditions. the police in athens clash with protesters who blame privatisation and cost—cutting for greece's worst ever train crash. supporters of pakistan's former prime minister imran khan gather at his house after reports he's about to be arrested. and prince harry describes writing his memoir as an act of service,

in the hope that sharing details will help others. what the book came out, i felt incredibly free, a huge weight off my shoulders. a historic agreement to protect the world's oceans has been approved after ten years of talks. marine life is at risk from climate change, pollution and overfishing, and climate activists are hailing the deal as a massive step. the new high seas treaty aims to safeguard marine life in 30% of areas that don't belong to any single country. it will establish limits on fishing, shipping and exploration activities. this would represent a substantial increase from the 1.2% which is protected under the current framework signed a0 years ago in 1982, the un convention

on the law of the sea. the urgency stems from estimates that nearly 10% of marine species are at risk of exctinction. the bbc�*s esme stallard reports. the ship has reached the shore. cheering and applause it took all night, but countries from around the world finally agreed on how to protect the high seas. we will formally adopt the text in all six official languages of the united nations. high seas are international waters that aren't controlled by any nation. they make up two thirds of the world's oceans and play host to most of our planet's marine life — some two million species. until now, all countries had a right to fish, ship and research in these areas, but it's left the animals and plants living there vulnerable. around 10% of monitored species are at risk of extinction.

i think that this treaty that will lay the groundwork for creating 30% of the ocean into marine sanctuaries that cannot be fished in is so important. we have to save these creatures. talks were deadlocked for years, mostly over how genetic material from plants and animals found in the high seas should be shared between nations. several important drugs, including treatments for covid, hiv and cancer, were developed from marine life. the potential for profit is huge. but no—one knows how much ocean resources are truly worth, nor how they could be split. it's a little bit hard to even wrap our heads around how big and how distant these areas are. if you imagine, like, a big high—definition wide—screen tv and if only, like, three or four of the pixels on that giant screen are working,

that's kind of our knowledge of the deep ocean. we don't know so much of what's going on. countries will need to meet again to formally adopt the treaty. but for many, now there will be much relief. esme stallard, bbc news. earlier, i spoke to the bbc world service environment correspondent navin singh khadka, who said while agreement was a big important achievement there were many further steps needed to implement the treaty. it remains to be seen how actually this will be implemented, and just to make it clear, this is yet to be adopted. the legalities, that's where they will have to work. and actually, the sharing of resources, a massive controversial issue, how will that be implemented? yet to be seen. and again, things like deep sea mining, will that be really assessed before actions happen? it's already a controversial issue.

things like that, yet to be seen. sojust explain, these areas are going to be created as affected areas, and as you say, the implementation will be the key, who is going to ensure people stick to the rules in these vast areas? right. so let me take you back to last december, when they decide this biodiversity agreement that committed to 30% of the ocean, 30% of land conservation. the thing was, that was an agreement but there was no legal ground how you implement it. this treaty, the high seas treaty as it is known, will help to secure that legal framework to secure what is known as the marine protected areas, mpas, and that is how they will go about it, they'll have to know where the locations are, 30% of the oceans, two thirds of it... that is where they have to really work on it.

because there were disputes about doing it on the basis of consensus, or voting? that took time, and that is now thrashed out. lots to be worked on. you briefly mentioned the genetic material side of things. i know you said there isn't full agreement, but these are the materials that can go on to be used to make vital drugs in the future. we may not even know what's out there in terms of how useful it is, but what are the options in terms of sharing that? well, the thing is, this is about the vast genetic materials there... again, we don't even know what they are right now. we are talking about pharmaceuticals, as we saw in that report, treatments for several diseases. and also other things, for example, deep sea mining, when we talk about all those rare materials to make electric vehicles, batteries, things like that.

those are the things, again, how do you actually share? that is broadly agreed now, but again, there is a high alliance of countries working on this. poor countries have alsojoined in. but the details yet to come out. there is broad agreement. let's hope this works. this is a first step. how many years are we talking for more concrete developments? lots of people now have to go home and it has to be agreed domestically, there are so many further steps required. how long are we talking? well, it took around 20 years to get here. and now we don't know, actually. the sooner, the better. but as you know with all these treaties we've seen in the past, let's say with the climate treaty, what happened with the biodiversity treaty, it takes time. but the thing is, what we need to understand here, i must quickly mention here,

this is notjust about those minerals or genetic materials. oceans, as you know, half of the oxygen we breathe is from the ocean. similarly, the regulation of climate, climate change, how those climates are regulated, it's all about that as well. that's why scientists are saying this has to be done as soon as possible. there is urgency. without that, none of the other agreements, climate agreement, biodiversity agreement, none of them can be implemented. that's why there is urgency and countries are under pressure. china will increase military spending by more than 7% this year, with the premier, li keqiang, calling for more training under combat conditions. speaking at the opening of the country's parliament, mr li said attempts to contain china were escalating. beijing's military budget — more than $200 billion — is still dwarfed by that of the united states, which is four times greater. the gathering is being used by president xi jinping to further

consolidate his power. china set an economic growth target of "around 5%" for 2023, one of the lowest in decades. earlier, i spoke to didi tang, the beijing correspondent for the british newspaper the times, who explained more about the government's economic plans. every year when congress, national people's congress, when they meet, one of the things on the agenda is to approve the annual budget, this is always of high interest, the public always interested in how much money will be spent in china on its military. the military spending has always been increasing at a higher rate than national gdp growth. for example, this year, it will increase by 7.2%. whereas, the target for economic growth is set around 5%.

the 7.2% increase in military spending in the budget is coming after china posted a 3% increase in gdp for 2022. so this is sort of like china trying to accelerate or keep up or trying to make up for the loss, whatever it is, trying to bring its military spending to a certain level. the rivalry between us and china, always seeing what china will do, with a higher military budget, and the spokesperson for the chinese national people's congress, he said at the press conference yesterday, it is reasonable, china needs to boost, needs to have higher military spending. because, you know... i was just going to say, in general setting a goal of 5% for general growth and in terms...

general economy. yes, and the question is, what does it tell you that it's quite a low number, isn't it, for china? not for other countries around the world, but for china, 5% is quite a modest ambition. what does it tell us about the state of the economy? a lot of suffering because of the zero covid policy and how able they will be to recover quickly from that? right, china expects to rebound from the zero covid policy from the last three years. the chinese economy only grew by 3% in 2022 and that is one of the slowest in decades. 2020, first year of the pandemic, growth was also pretty low, but 2022, for china to grow only 3%... a lot of catch—up to do and i think what we have seen here in the past several weeks is there has been

pent—up demand and people want to go out to shop and travel. so the government is looking forward to some kind of very robust economic recovery. but at the same time, they also know the conditions have changed. you are talking about the us—china rivalry, and in china, ithink the government wants to be less ambitious, they want to be more steady, and indeed don't want to get their hopes too high so that's why they are setting the growth target at 5%, which is pretty conservative, in my opinion, probably china can do better than 5%. but they don't want to be too ambitious. last year, china was setting economic growth at 5.5%. of course at the end of the year it was only 3%. things can happen, and china wants to be more conservative when setting the target for 2023.

breaking news now, violent clashes have broken out between police and protesters outside the greek parliament in athens. earlier, the greek prime minister, kyriakos mitsotakis, asked the families of the victims of tuesday's rail disaster for forgiveness. at least 57 people died when two trains collided near the city of larissa. in a facebook post addressed to the nation, mr mitsotakis said he owed everyone an apology, but especially the victims�* relatives. the collision between a passenger and a freight train has caused nationwide outrage. in the last few hours, demonstrators set fire to rubbish bins and threw molotov cocktails. police responded by firing tear gas and stun grenades. 0fficers said 12,000 people had gathered in front of the parliament to demand accountability for the collision. i'm joined now by anthee

carassava in greece. talk us through the scenes you have seenin talk us through the scenes you have seen in athens today.— seen in athens today. these violent scuffles, as — seen in athens today. these violent scuffles, as you _ seen in athens today. these violent scuffles, as you said, _ seen in athens today. these violent scuffles, as you said, broke - seen in athens today. these violent scuffles, as you said, broke out - seen in athens today. these violent scuffles, as you said, broke out at l scuffles, as you said, broke out at the tail end of what was actually a very peaceful demonstration, one of many we have been seeing, rolling demonstrations and protests for the past four days. we saw black clad youth, militant youth, coming in and hurling petrol gas bombs at the greek parliament. and then there were scuffles that ensued between them and riot police. we understand that these scuffles have died down, they have subsided a bit. but there are draconian measures in place to

keep them from heating up again. this is a scene that is recurring and will continue to be recurring, because there is a lot of palpable angen because there is a lot of palpable anger, notjust here in athens in front of parliament that we are seeing these violent demonstrations. we have seen them up in the north in thessaloniki, where most of these victims... victims. .. inaudible. university students attending... station master was taken to testify before a public prosecutor. so there is a lot of palpable anger, and rightly so, if i may add. because while the government has attributed this tragic accident, the deadliest in greek history, to human error... a nation is asking, why are these

types of accident recurring? and this apology by the prime minister, 57 victims too late.— 57 victims too late. thank you for talkin: to 57 victims too late. thank you for talking to us- _ 57 victims too late. thank you for talking to us. the _ 57 victims too late. thank you for talking to us. the scenes - 57 victims too late. thank you for talking to us. the scenes we - 57 victims too late. thank you for| talking to us. the scenes we have seenin talking to us. the scenes we have seen in athens, clashes between police and protesters. large rallies have taken place consecutive week in protest at the government's plans to overhaul the judicial system. tens of thousands of demonstrators gathered in tel aviv, where police used water cannons to clear the crowds. there were also some clashes injerusalem. the government's proposed reforms would allow ministers to choose supreme courtjudges, and would limit the court's powers. critics describe it as an attack on democracy. 0ur reporter sofia bettiza reports. for the ninth week in a row,

tens of thousands of israelis took to the streets in the capital, jerusalem, and in tel aviv. they've been protesting against a controversial plan by prime minister benjamin netanyahu that would allow ministers to choose supreme courtjudges and would limit the court's powers. tonight, we came to express our democratic rights and to fight for what's right, and to hope that there will be a constitution and the separation of authorities will remain as it is and will improve, without impulsive reforms and without crazy people in the parliament. parliament includes a number of nationalist religious parties that have made changes to the justice system a key priority. they say that the supreme court needs to be reined in from overreaching into

the political sphere. but many fear that this will weaken the court and give the government too much influence when appointing judges. the separation of powers is very important, and they want to cut the judicial independence and i think it's very dangerous. besides, what's very dangerous is the way this government is treating palestinians, and the fact that it wants to annex big parts of the west bank. it's very extreme nationalist, racist, religious, even fascist government. these were the largest demonstrations so far against the government's judicial reforms. they were largely peaceful. but later in the night, things turned violent. some people broke down barricades... ..and blocked highways. the police used water cannons to clear the crowds.

and things are getting increasingly tense. earlier this week, police in tel aviv fired stun grenades at protesters. but with many people fearing that democracy in israel is under threat, tensions are likely to get worse. sofia bettiza, bbc news. supporters of pakistan's former prime minister imran khan have gathered outside his home in lahore. mr khan is facing arrest. a judge issued a warrant last week after he failed to appear in court, in a case relating to incorrectly declaring presents from foreign leaders. mr khan says the case is politically motivated. earlier, i spoke to bbc�*s farhatjaved in islamabad about the situation outside mr khan's home.

earlier today, islamabad police reached lahore to arrest imran khan on orders from a court last week when imran khan did not appear before the court in a case which was linked with the gifts he received as prime minister and later on sold them. today police reached there to arrest him but until now they haven't arrested him. we have spoken to the inspector general of the police and he said they are determined to arrest imran khan today but his party say they are having consultation with the legal team to see what strategy they can adopt after today's development. right now, outside imran khan's home in lahore, there is a huge crowd of his supporters who have gathered to stop police. earlier they stopped the police from entering the residence. so the supporters are there, islamabad police, they are being helped by the local punjab police

as well, so this is the situation right now. imran khan's legal team meeting, and the rest of the leadership of his party also present at his residence today. large numbers of people outside his residence today. but are you able to ascertain how popular he is in terms of nationally? oh, yes, imran khan is very popular right now. probably one of the most popular leaders in the country right now. his popularity skyrocketed in fact, last year, when there was a no confidence motion about him and he had to leave the prime minister's office. since then, rallied and lodged protests across the country, and there have been thousands of people appearing at the rallies.

at one of the rallies back in november, there was an assassination attempt on imran khan. he got a gunshot injury. since he was recovering from that gunshot injury. that was the reason he wasn't appearing in the court. several cases filed against him in different courts, in the capital and other courts in other provinces as well. as far as his popularity is concerned, imran khan indeed is very popular, especially after he left the prime minister office. there are people who came out in his support, in the rallies even when he himself wasn't present. so until now he has been able to gather large crowds in his rallies. he does have a lot of support, especially in the middle class of the country. prince harry has described writing his book spare as an act of service, and says he hopes that sharing details of his life will help others. here's our royal correspondent daniela relph. good morning, harry. for an hour and a half, they talked. it had the feel of a therapy session. prince harry on grief, family and trauma. i certainly don't see myself as a victim. i'm really grateful to be

able to share my story. i do not and i have never looked for sympathy in this. you had to buy a ticket to watch the online conversation. each one came with a copy of spare. harry described writing his book as an act of service and spoke of feeling trapped within the royal family. i always felt slightly different to the rest of my family. ifelt strange being in this, erm, container, and i know that my mum felt the same. now 38 years old, dad to a son and a daughter, he vowed not to repeat what he saw as past mistakes. i, as a father, feel a huge responsibility to ensure that i don't pass on any traumas that... ..orany, iguess, negative experiences that i've had as a kid or as a man growing up. harry was candid about his own mental health.

dr gabor mate even diagnosed him as having attention deficit disorder, a condition that affects behaviour, and they spoke of using psychedelic medication. i started doing it recreationally and then started to realise how good it was for me. and i would say that it is one of the fundamental parts of my life that changed me and helped me deal with the traumas and the pains of the past. 0n serving in afghanistan, not all of us agreed with the war, he said, but we did what we were trained to do. there was, though, nothing about his current relationship with the royal family. no questions on whether he'd be at his father's coronation. and as to his wife, meghan, he described her as an "exceptional human being" to whom he was eternally grateful. daniela relph, bbc news.

some breaking news, reports of a huge fire at cox is bizarre refugee camp in bangladesh, from the international federation of the red cross asia pacific. —— cox's bazaar. it is the biggest refugee camp in the world, about a million people living there. an area in the south—east of bangladesh, close to myanmar. a big fire there, we will bring you more on that as we get it, just hearing that from the international federation for the red cross. a quick reminder of the top story. after a decade of talks, more than 100 un member states agree on a treaty to protect our oceans. environmental groups say it will help reverse marine biodiversity losses and ensure sustainable development. thanks very much for

your company. it feels chilly enough already out there today but things will get colder over the week ahead. today there is a lot of cloud, little or no sunshine, probably more showers than yesterday, typically affecting northern ireland and northern scotland, wintry over the mountain tops. temperatures could make eight or nine degrees in northern ireland and western scotland, chillier than yesterday but more cloud and showers to come overnight. change across scotland with this band of rain, sleet and snow over the hills, and the air gets colder in northern scotland, snow showers and ice and frost, and we could see cloud breaking across eastern england, leading to frost early on monday. things get colder because we have

a northerly wind pushing down across the whole of the uk, bringing cold air from the arctic. the colder air follows the band of rain, maybe sleet and snow over the pennines. ahead of that, across england and wales, cloud and some showers. sunshine for northern england, scotland, northern ireland, snow showers too, especially in northern scotland, temperatures only one or two degrees. southern parts of england and wales could see temperatures of eight or nine degrees but this band of cloud and rain moving south, cold air coming in behind could bring snow to southern england, cold and frosty and icy on tuesday with many places dry with sunshine, snow showers packing in on the northerly wind. temperatures on tuesday four or five degrees, but when you factor in a strong northerly wind affecting northern scotland and the east coast of england it will

feel especially cold. this is a reminder of what is to come on monday and tuesday, snow showers across the north and east of scotland and north—east england, as much as 20 centimetres falling in higher parts of northern scotland. after that on tuesday night, widespread clear skies and wind, a widespread sharp frost with temperatures as low as minus ten. the future is more uncertain, the forecast keeps changing, still looking like it will be cold but with weather fronts coming in, the chance of snow a little more widely.

this is bbc news. the headlines: after a decade of talks, more than 100 un member states have agreed on a treaty to protect our oceans. china has announced it will boost military spending by more than 7% and will train more of its soldiers under combat conditions. supporters of pakistan's former prime minister imran khan have gathered at his house after reports he's about to be arrested. and — prince harry describes writing his memoir as an act of service — in the hope that sharing details will help others. you're watching bbc news. now it's time for click.