this is bbc news. i'm vishala sri—pathma. our top stories: switzerland's biggest bank, ubs, takes over its rival, credit suisse to help restore global financial stability. environmental scientists prepare to unveil eight years of work — showing the scale of the climate crisis and the threat from global temperature rises. tt�*s already increased by two celsius and is having a devastating impact on the snow and ice up here. ukraine condemns president putin's surprise visit to the russian—occupied city of mariupol, devastated in the early months of the war. translation: like all - ukrainians, like all mariupol residents, ifeel that

today a war criminal, whose name is vladimir putin, visited the scene of a crime he committed for several months. it's been 20 years since the us—led coalition began its war in iraq to topple the dictator saddam hussein. we'll assess the legacy. and valencia's streets come to life for a five—day festival celebrating the spanish city's culture, history, and people. switzerland's biggest bank ubs has agreed to take over its troubled rival, credit suisse. the rescue deal follows a weekend of emergency talks between the two banks, after credit suisse saw its value plummet over the past week. banking regulators hope

the deal will restore confidence to the financial markets. credit suisse had been caught up in the market uncertainty triggered by the collapse, nine days ago, of america's silicon valley bank. here's the swiss president speaking at a press conference. on friday, the liquidity outflows and market volatility showed it was no longer possible to restore the necessary confidence, and that the swift and stabilising solution was absolutely necessary. this solution is a takeover of credit suisse by ubs. it is supported by the federal council, following several meetings with the swiss national bank, with our regulator, with credit suisse and ubs. the federal council welcomes this takeover, and support it, by guaranteeing the framework conditions necessary for its success. the federal council is therefore confident that in this difficult situation, the takeover of credit suisse by ubs is the best solution for restoring the confidence

that has been lacking in financial markets recently, and for best managing the risk to our country and its citizens. so what is going on? here's our business editor simonjack. well, how come credit suisse became the biggest and most important casualty of a situation that has already seen the failure of two mid—size us banks, silicon valley and signature bank, and an emergency 30 billion industry whip—round for another, first republic bank? the main reason behind it all is this — global interest rates, these are us interest rates, after many years have been close to zero, you can see there, have rocketed, as countries have tried to bring down inflation, caused mainly by higher energy prices, as russian energy was shut off or shunned. now that sudden change has hit the value of some of even the safest investments the banks keep some of their money in, so the big question is are we back to 2008, is this a rerun of the financial crisis? well, this is precisely what the authorities

are trying to avert. they, in the us and the uk, are tonight saying they support this particular deal, and they stress that banks are strong, much stronger than they were in 2008, and peoples�* savings and deposits are safe. business editor simonjack there. well, earlier i spoke to danny blanchflower, who's a professor of economics at dartmouth college. i asked whether whether we should be worried there could be a repeat of the financial crisis of 2008? well, let's hope it isn't, but the evidence seems to be pointing that way. a little too late, probably, the central banks have essentially caused this, by raising rates too fast, so we've seen this attempt today to sort out credit suisse. one of the big stories is that it wiped out bondholders. well, what does that do? it means that bondholders who invested in the past see this as a much more risky investment, so the cost

to everybody of borrowing has actually risen. this is equivalent, probably, the whole affair is equivalent perhaps to global interest rates rising by two percentage points. so that is representing, if you like, a slowing of the global economy, and then if you look at the attempts in the united states, the first republic bank you just talked about, they put in the $30 billion from other banks, on friday shares fell by a third, and snp have just lowered their credit rating. so i think the big deal is that we are going to find out over the next couple of days if it really is like 2008, and the question is — can the authorities stop it? but my suspicion is they are not going to be able to, not least because people are pulling deposits out of these regional banks in the united states, and putting them into big banks, so these regional banks are going to tumble, one after another, unless the united states actually guarantees all deposits, and so that would be just enormous. so the worry is that this is looking increasingly like 2008, but we're probably going to know by wednesday, i would say, when the fed meets. a lot of these central bankers and the people involved in that deal with credit suisse

were hoping that actually by monday we will know the answer to that question, and the markets will give them a big thumbs up. the situation now, we have heard from various central banks they are doing what they can, are you not reassured by that? well, not really. they should have been thinking about this, why didn't they know about this three weeks ago and four weeks ago to know, to stop the chaos that has come this week? they said that kind of thing in 2008, and we had northern rock, and lehman brothers, and then we got the fall of rbs and lloyds. so they weren't able to stop it then. i think the other big worrying thing is ubs were actually

given nine billion swiss francs to take on credit suisse, basically to protect them from things that you and i don't even know that is there, so the danger is ubs are going to open the box and look inside and find really bad things, and other banks did business with credit suisse. british banks did business with them. what are we going to find? what are the repercussions of this deal? so yes, let's hope, but i bet you this is a broader, deeper problem than the central bankers are hoping, and the difficulty will be, let's see what happens when the markets open tomorrow, and i think it will be a bloodbath. on an individual note, you mentioned to assurances for individuals with money, clearly people will be concerned if they have savings or mortgages with banks. in terms of that, how will it in fact impact ordinary people? we have seen different countries respond differently to these sort of ongoing developments. well, obviously the worry is that, if banks are in trouble, what are the central banks going to do? think of the small

banks in america. if you are sitting there, you should take your money out and move it to a very large bank. what about in the uk? are depositors safe? if someone has £1 million in the bank account in the uk, is it safe? unclear. deposit insurance is not actually that high, so hopefully all things will be fine but we don't really know, so people obviously should be concerned. we don't want to spread panic. that was professor danny blanchflower. environmental scientists around the world spent the last eight years analysing evidence about the climate crisis. their work for the united nations will be revealed this monday, in the town of interlaken, high in the swiss alps. the report will become the benchmark for all discussions by politicians and governments on how

to respond to the growing threat the planet faces. and as our climate editor justin rowlatt has been discovering, there's already clear evidence of dramatic change in the surrounding alpine environment. dave searle is climbing an ice face high in the alps. his safety depends on the strength of the ice. you're listening for a good thunk, and making sure that the ice axe isn't wobbly. but the ice in the high mountains of europe and the world is changing. for me, it's been quite shocking, how fast it's been developing. the winters arejust much more mild. we're getting rain higher up the mountain. the greenhouse gases emitted since the industrial revolution have already raised global temperatures by a little over one degree, but the effects are even greater in the alps. that's because, as the snow melts, the ground absorbs more heat. the temperature up here in the alps is rising by about twice

the global average. it has already increased by 2 celsius, and it is having a devastating impact on the snow and ice up here. at an observatory, 3.5km up this swiss mountain, they've been monitoring the changing alpine climate for decades. 30 years ago, it never rained, but nowadays in summer, very often, there is rain, even up here at 3,500 metres. wow. yep. last year, the ice melt hit a new record. the glaciers of the alps lost 6% of their total volume. the very best forecastl for the future of alpine glaciers is that we can save about one third i of the ice falling. this is the best case. in the worst case, we'rel going to lose everything. look how the glacier below the weather station is expected

to retreat over the next few decades in that worst—case scenario. so, what does dr huss think the message from the un scientists should be? action is now urgently needed. for the glaciers, we see - the effects of climate change. this is illustrating how| urgent it is to act now. this landscape appears eternal — literally frozen in time. but without dramatic reductions in greenhouse gas emissions, the ice up here at the top of europe will be lost forever. justin rowlatt, bbc news, in the swiss alps. the french government will face a no—confidence vote on monday after president emmanuel macron used controversial executive powers to raise the state pension age from 62 to 64. the government says the changes are needed to avoid crippling deficits in the coming decades linked to france's ageing population.

but opponents say the law places an unfair burden on low earners, women and people doing physically wearing jobs. more demonstrations in several french towns continued at the weekend. sofia bettiza reports. another day of anger in the streets of paris. french people have been protesting for months against a government plan to raise the pension age from 60 to two 64. but in the last few days, things have escalated. there is outrage at president macron, he has invoked controversial executive powers to force through his reform without a vote, essentially bypassing parliament. and outrage turning to violence in many cities across france. more

than 160 people were arrested on sunday. and on monday the french government will face a no—confidence vote. but the vote is unlikely to pass, as it would require a united front across the political spectrum. which means that mr macron�*s pension legislation is likely to be adopted on monday. it's a deeply unpopular reform, which has led to months of straits, including garbage collector is. this is what the streets of the french capital look like now. more than 10,000 tons of rubbish piling up and left to rot. translation: ,, ., ., , translation: this situation is catastmphic— translation: this situation is catastrophic for _ translation: this situation is catastrophic for the _ translation: this situation is catastrophic for the residents, | catastrophic for the residents, for the tourist, for the whole of paris. the most beautiful city in the world, rats during the day, endless rubbish bins, it's very, very dirty.

translation: it's very, very dirty. tuna/mom- it's very, very dirty. translation: �* , ., translation: it's not the rubbish collectors' - translation: it's not the rubbish collectors' fault. it is macron's old, if he had let parliament vote, a vote which he must've thought he lose, they— he must've thought he lose, they would be back at work and we wouldn't still be striking today _ we wouldn't still be striking today if _ we wouldn't still be striking toda . , ., ., , we wouldn't still be striking toda. , ., ., , ., today. it is in no doubt that president _ today. it is in no doubt that president macron _ today. it is in no doubt that president macron is - today. it is in no doubt that president macron is facing l today. it is in no doubt that. president macron is facing one of his biggest challenges, just less than a year into his second mandate. and with more crippling strikes to come, police are bracing for another week of anger and protests. sofia bettiza, bbc news. stay with us on bbc news. still to come: valencia's streets come to life for a five—day festival celebrating the spanish city's culture, history, and people. applause i'm so proud of both of you.

let there be no more wars or bloodshed between arabs and israelis. with great regret, _ the committee has decided that south africa will be excluded from the 1970 competition. i chanting. streaking across the sky, the white hot wreckage from mir drew gasps from onlookers on fiji. this is bbc world news, the latest headlines: switzerland's biggest bank, ubs,

has taken over its rival, credit suisse, to help restore global financial stability. environmental scientists are preparing to unveil eight years of work, showing the scale of the climate crisis. russia's president vladamir putin and china's president xi jinping are scheduled to meet in moscow on monday. it's the first time the leaders have met face—to—face since the beginning of the ukraine war. the two—day visit comes as beijing, an ally of russia, offered proposals to end the war. meanwhile ukraine has condemned mr putin's visit to the devastated city of mariupol. an aide to president zelensky called him a criminal returning to the scene of his crime. our diplomatic correspondent james landale reports from kyiv. vladimir putin arrived in mariupol by helicopter, at least according to pictures broadcast by russian state television.

then he drove himself into the city amid tight security on what's thought to be his first known visit to parts of ukraine seized by russian forces after last year's invasion. in the darkened streets, he met what were described as local residents. the bbc can't verify who they were. the kremlin said it was a "spontaneous visit". "we need to start getting to know each other better," mr putin said. "we pray for you," one woman said. "finally, you are here. "we have waited for you so long." mr putin was invited inside to see one of their homes, seemingly a new apartment — the aim, it would appear, to show a city being rebuilt after last year's devastation. for this is what mariupol looked like last year after three months of russian bombardment, during which ukrainian fighters held out here at the azovstal steel plant — their long defence a symbol

of ukrainian resilience. it was here, too, where russian forces bombed a maternity hospital — an early alleged war crime — along with a theatre where hundreds of civilians were sheltering and died. here in kyiv, the mayor of mariupol told me how he felt seeing mr putin in his city. translation: like all ukrainians, i feel that today, a war criminal whose name is vladimir putin, visited the scene of a crime he committed for several months — destroying the city of mariupol. the only city russian aviation is carpet bombing is mariupol. this is what parts of mariupol actually look like — contemporary images from local residents showing still—ruined tower blocks. long lines of people queuing for food. all in stark contrast to the reconstruction

that mr putin did get to see, including a theatre that had been rebuilt. under bright street lights, he was also shown a playground, only days after he was accused by international prosecutors of illegally deporting thousands of children from occupied parts of ukraine to russia. james landale, bbc news, kyiv. let's get some of the other news. an extradition hearing has begun in australia in the case of a former us marine pilot accused of helping train members of the chinese military. last year, australian authorities approved a request by the us to extradite daniel duggan, who became an australian citizen in 20—12. mr duggan denies the charges,

president biden has expressed concern to the israeli prime minister, benjamin netanyahu, about his plans to overhaul the judicial system. in a phone call, mr biden offered support for finding a compromise. huge protests against the reforms have taken place across israel for the past eleven weeks. exactly 20 years ago, us forces, with the uk and other allies, invaded iraq in order to oust the dictator, saddam hussein. it was part of the us's �*war on terror�*, begun by president george w bush in the wake of the terrorist attacks of september 11th 2001. the first raids were on the capital baghdad — it took the us just over a month to overwhelm iraqi forces, and for saddam's baathist government to collapse but the effects of the war have been hugely controversial. our international editor jeremy bowen is in baghdad. here's his assessment of war�*s legacy on iraq. iraq went through a catastrophe. hundreds of thousands of people were killed, no—one knows exactly how many. the consequences spread violence elsewhere in the middle east. they still rumble on.

iraq is a highly corrupt, violent and fragile society. it's had a better year so far in 2023, but the foundations left by the legacy of all that killing are fragile, and people constantly worry that they might slide back into some kind of internecine fight or the risks of foreign intervention. iran is particularly influential here, its allies run the government. earlier i wasjoined by douglas silliman. he is is president of the arab gulf states institute in washington. he previously served as us ambassador to iraq. i asked him what went right and wrong with the war. first of all, the decision to launch the invasion was ill—conceived, and part of the reason was american policymakers never really defined the reasons for the war

for the american public and for themselves either. they also did not do a very good job of planning for the day after a successful invasion, there was an assumption that iraq would somehow fall back into place and become stable even though the united states and allies had overthrown the government. i think from the very beginning, the lack of clear goals and the lack of preparation for the day after set a very bad precedent for what was going to subsequently happen. there was some support, though, and clearly the us was able to get the support of the uk for example and also critics and people that suffered under saddam hussein were happy to see him go. do you think there are some positives there, clearly, you don't feel there was a huge amount of support initially, do you think overall, it has been a positive move? i think that many iraqis

see the overthrow of the saddam hussein regime, which had been quite a repressive regime, particularly for the shia community, for iraqi kurds and a number of minority communities, many iraqis applauded the overthrow of saddam hussein. i also think they expected united states and the uk and others involved in the invasion to set iraq right, to make iraq look like the west in a short period of time. and as i said, there was really no concrete plan to do that, and frankly, imposing a western—style parliamentary democracy on the political system left by saddam hussein was a very difficult task to begin with. now, i think what has gone right, is that all iraqis are a bit more empowered than they were before, and in particular, iraqi youth, who are facing great pressure from climate change,

from the lack of the development of iraq's economy, have begun to protest and explain to the iraqi government very directly what they want to see in the future. and while i'm not very happy with what has happened in the intervening 20 years, a lot of young iraqis are looking to try to find ways to have a better future going forward. douglas silliman. it's been described as five days and nights of madness and partying with build up events for weeks beforehand and now the spanish extravaganza known as las fally ass festival has drawn to a close, as stephanie prentice reports. and a warning, there are flashing images coming—up. fireworks explode. the last day of an extravaganza, with colourful sculptures, some costing $200,000, burned to the ground. by day, the main streets of valencia have been a continuous street party,

with processions combining satire and art. and these colourful firecrackers hung in the streets and let off day and night. when i was injapan and taking the spanish course, i see about a little movie about this. so i really want to see it in real. so i'm really happy to see it in real. i love the creations, and the people, these streets are so crowded, it's so interesting. i want to see what's going to happen because it's my first time here. the festival traces its origins back to 1497, but this year is being credited with igniting southern eastern spain's tourism industry. 2023 marks the first year that it's back to full strength since the pandemic. and as local valencians say, it's what rises from the ashes that counts. stephanie prentice, bbc news. looks like a lot of fun. that's it from us for now.

you can reach me on my socials on instagram and twitter — i'm @ bbcvishalasp. thanks for watching. hello. we'll need our raincoats and brollies this week. it really does look very unsettled indeed, and especially wet in western parts of the uk. monday is no different. i don't think it's going to be raining all the time, but certainly some rain on the way and just a few glimmers of brightness. a lot of cloud streaming in our direction but you can see it's coming in from the southwest, hence it stays mild. and multiple weather fronts crossing the country through the course of monday. more weather fronts out in the atlantic making a beeline for the uk. so the forecast then for monday shows mild conditions early in the morning. temperatures around five degrees in stornoway, nine in plymouth. and see where the heavier rain is in the morning across parts of northern england, southwestern scotland and northern ireland.

that's one weather front, you can see it moves northwards. and then in the southwest later in the day, showers gather across cornwall, devon, parts of southern wales by around about 3pm. the best chance of any brightness would be across parts of the midlands, maybe east anglia, lincolnshire, perhaps yorkshire, and this is where will have the mildest weather up to about 16 celsius. elsewhere, the thicker cloud and the outbreaks of rain, it won't be quite as mild, closer to around 10—12 degrees. much fresher conditions in the north of scotland, with some sunshine in lerwick, about six or seven. through the course of monday evening, it does look as that rain would be more widespread and heavy as it spreads across the uk. here's tuesday's weather map, and a broad area of low pressure across the atlantic, sending weather fronts in our direction, quite a few isobars there, so that means the winds will be freshening as we go through tuesday and into wednesday. on tuesday, we are between

weather systems, so one out in the north sea, another one here approaching ireland. we are in between with some sunny spells, but also some showers. you can see heavy showers in one or two areas. again, very mild, 13 or 14, perhaps 15 degrees. through the course of the evening, the next weather front starts to sweep towards more eastern areas. through the course of wednesday, that big low pressure still dominating the weather across the atlantic. it's like a washing machine of clouds and showers circulating areas of low pressure. so, a very breezy day as well and gale force winds are possible around some western coasts. so, here's an overview of the week ahead, you can see most days have rain icons but, at least, it is relatively on the mild side. bye— bye.

this is bbc news. the headlines: central banks in europe and north america have welcomed a government—backed deal in switzerland for the country's biggest bank, ubs, to take over its rival, credit suisse. the $3 billion deal was announced after emergency talks. there's been a subdued start to the week's trading on financial markets. environmental scientists from around the world, who have spent the last eight years analysing evidence about climate change, are due to unveil their work at the un. their report is expected to become the benchmark for discussions by governments on how to respond to the threat. president putin's visit to the devastated city

of mariupol has been condemned by ukraine. an aide to president zelensky called the russian president,