turn colder in the north of the uk. anything old hello, i'm kasia madera, this is outside source. the climate time—bomb is ticking — that's the warning from the un, as scientists release their survival guide to avert disaster. humanity is on thin ice, and that ice is melting fast. floods, heat waves, melting glaciers — scientists say rapid cuts to fossil fuels could still make a difference, but time is running out. also on the programme. my dearfriend, says president putin, as he welcomes china's leader to moscow to discuss beijing's peace plan for ukraine. and turbulence on global financial markets, after the emergency take

over of the troubled bank credit suisse. we begin in switzerland, where the un secretary general has warned that the climate time bomb is ticking, urging rich nations to slash emissions sooner after a new assessment from scientists said there was little time to lose in tackling climate change. the inter—governmental panel on climate change says the worst can still be averted if emissions are cut rapidly. but even that is unlikely to stop global temperatures rising by less than the target of 1.5 degrees celsius. here's antonio guterres. humanity is on thin ice, and that ice is melting fast. as today's report of the intergovernmental panel on climate change details, humans are responsible for virtually all global heating over the last 200 years.

the rate of temperature rise in the last half century is the highest in 2,000 years. concentrations of carbon dioxide are at their highest in at least two million years. the climate time—bomb is ticking. let's look through the key findings of the ipcc report. it condenses eight years of climate science from six reports published since 2014. the report says the world is expected to warm above 1.5 degrees centigrade by the early 20305, and that nations will need to make a rapid and deep reduction in emissions across all sectors this decade to prevent the planet from overheating dangerously beyond that level. but it also adds there are multiple, feasible and effective options available now to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and adapt to climate change. here's dr friederike 0tto,

one of the report's authors. what this report shows us that other reports have not shown us is that we do have all the knowledge and all the technology we need to get to net zero. so we have no excuses any more to wait. we just have to implement them now. so despairing will not stop klein note change but acting will. so a message that there's still one last chance to shift course, but that shift would be unprecedented in scale. the report says all industrialised nations need to immediately slash greenhouse gases roughly in half by 2030, and stop adding carbon dioxide to the atmosphere altogether by the early 20505. if those two steps were taken, the world would have about a 50% chance of limiting warming to 1.5 degrees celsius. professor rob jackson from stanford university explains why many countries will find that difficult. how do we leave half the world's known oil and gas

reserves in the ground and unburned, and who's oil and gas will that be? every country, every company will lobby to burn all of theirfuels, how do we stop that? so that's the challenge the world is facing. now, let's look at the potential consequences. the ipcc report says global warming is already contributing to ever more extreme events —— such as these record breaking wildfires in europe last year. by 2100, extreme flooding like this in pakistan, that usually occurs once in a century, could happen at least once a year in many areas of the world. here's dr ella gilbert, a climate scientist for the british antarctic survey.

it all comes as the world's two biggest polluters, china and the united states, continue to approve new fossil fuel projects. last year, china issued permits for 168 coal—fired power plants of various sizes, according to the centre for research on energy and clean air. and last week, the biden administration approved an enormous oil drilling project known as willow, on federal land here's harjeet singh is from the climate action network. policymakers must see what is at stake. so it's not only people, but also economies and the entire planet. this is the time to act.

and what this report does is provide that blueprint, but also the details that policymakers need to act. and what we need is a political will. i'm joined now by professor emily shuckburgh, who is director of cambridge zero, the university of cambridge's climate change initiative. we are seeing emissions continue to increase. in your opinion, what is it about policymakers�*s do we to listen to this report, but they also need action?— listen to this report, but they also need action? honestly, this report la s out a need action? honestly, this report lays out a really — need action? honestly, this report lays out a really stark _ need action? honestly, this report lays out a really stark and - need action? honestly, this report lays out a really stark and quite i lays out a really stark and quite shocking terms, the state that we are in. it says that there is a rapidly closing windows to secure a sustainable future for all. nothing less than that. but it also presided some hope. it says that there are feasible, effective and loan cost options for achieving that sustainable future. but this is really the matter that political leaders need to understand. it also says that the choices and actions implemented today will have impacts for thousands of years. so it is

absolutely the case that we need action now today, notjust pledges and ambitions but actual action in terms of both omissions reductions but also in terms of measures to cope with the climate change that we are already seeing playing out around the world. so are already seeing playing out around the world.— are already seeing playing out around the world. , ., . ., ~ around the world. so you are talking about actions. _ around the world. so you are talking about actions. we _ around the world. so you are talking about actions. we talked _ around the world. so you are talking about actions. we talked about - around the world. so you are talking about actions. we talked about the l about actions. we talked about the us biden administration including those enormous projects. we have china issuing permits for coal plants. there is discord, isn't there, when it comes to what is happening and what the messaging is reports like these?— reports like these? honestly, it's nothin: reports like these? honestly, it's nothing short _ reports like these? honestly, it's nothing short of— reports like these? honestly, it's nothing short of a _ reports like these? honestly, it's nothing short of a pure _ reports like these? honestly, it's nothing short of a pure folly. - reports like these? honestly, it's nothing short of a pure folly. as | nothing short of a pure folly. as you described in your introduction, there has been eight years of science behind this report. there are literally tens of thousands of researchers around the world whose

researchers around the world whose research has gone into this report. it's probably the most comprehensive assessment of any topic that is ever been undertaken. and the messages are absolutely clear. the sorts of activities in terms of expanding what was frankly the technologies of the passed, rather than investing the passed, rather than investing the technologies in the future, effectively it is mind—boggling as to why anybody would think that is the sensible thing to do in the face of this. 50 the sensible thing to do in the face of this. �* , ., of this. so i'm 'ust wondering, in terms to be _ of this. so i'm just wondering, in terms to be absolutely _ of this. so i'm just wondering, in terms to be absolutely clear - of this. so i'm just wondering, in | terms to be absolutely clear here, one of the consequences of exceeding the 1.5 centigrade limit to warning? just so that we understand and work out why policies aren't adhering to this. so it is become actually, this is one of the most really clear message that everyone should understand is that our understanding of the risks have gotten even greater with this most recent report

and they are risks to you human welfare throughout the world. we are already seeing _ welfare throughout the world. we are already seeing that _ welfare throughout the world. we are already seeing that played _ welfare throughout the world. we are already seeing that played out - welfare throughout the world. we are already seeing that played out on - already seeing that played out on terms of the impact of lives and livelihoods of the related disasters that are already occurring. we know that are already occurring. we know that that is notjust in terms of the impact on humans but it is also in terms of the broader impact on the natural world. and as we increase temperatures, we also increase temperatures, we also increase the risk of passing irreversible tipping points, the collapse of the ice bars over the polar reasons was discussed by one of your earlier contributors. 0r polar reasons was discussed by one of your earlier contributors. or the rapid dive back of the amazon rain forest. critical elements of our system that create that liveable planet. i system that create that liveable lanet. ~ . ., , . , system that create that liveable lanet. ~ , . , , planet. i think the consequences is re planet. i think the consequences is pretty clearly _ planet. i think the consequences is pretty clearly outlined _ planet. i think the consequences is pretty clearly outlined there. - pretty clearly outlined there. director of the cambridge zero initiative of the university of cambridge. thank you. let's turn to russia, where vladimir putin

is welcoming chinese leader xijinping, one of his most important remaining allies on the world stage. their meeting comes just three days after the international criminal court issued a warrant for the russian president's arrest. xijinping arrived in moscow earlier, for his first visit since russia's full scale invasion of ukraine last year. reporters, dignitaries and a military band were all on hand at the airport to greet the chinese leader as he got off the plane. and this was the moment the two men met at the kremlin. president putin has told xi that the russian government has studied in detail beijing's proposals for settling the crisis in ukraine. the russian leader said he was looking forward to discussing the plan.

we have carefully studied your proposals on settling the acute crisis in ukraine. of course we'll have an opportunity to discuss these issues. we know that you're guided by observing the principles ofjustice and respect for the basics of international law. undivided security for every country. last month, beijing laid out a set of proposals aimed at bringing an end to the war in ukraine. but what does their 12 point plan involve? it calls for "the sovereignty of all countries", but does not specifically say russia must withdraw its troops from ukraine. it condemns the use of "unilateral sanctions" against moscow, an implicit criticism of ukraine's western allies. there is a call for the establishment of humanitarian corridors, for the evacuation of civilians and steps to ensure the export of grain. and the plan calls for an end to the "cold war mentality," a term understood to refer to america's global dominance. but it's the relationship between moscow and beijing, which many in the west see as an obstacle to chinese mediation efforts. and today's meeting seems to have brought them closer together. here's the chinese leader speaking

about president putin. dear president putin, i always call you my dear friend. i was very glad to receive your proposal with a state visit once again after my re—election as chairman of china's communist party. i chose russia as the first foreign country to visit. it's comments like these which raise eyebrows in kyiv. the secretary of ukraine's national security and defence council tweeted suggesting china's plan missed out some key details. 0leksiy danilov said that the first and foremost point is the surrender or withdrawal of russian occupation forces in accordance with international law and the un charter. likewise, the foreign ministry spokesperson, 0leg nikolenko said "ukraine is following closely the chinese president's visit to russia. we expect beijing to use its influence on moscow to make it put an end to the aggressive war against ukraine". reaction from the united states to china's plan has

also been sceptical. secretary of state, antony blinken, warned that a ceasefire on russia's terms was unacceptable. the world should not be fooled by any tactical move by russia, supported by china or any other country to freeze the war on its own terms. such a move would violate the un charter and delay — defy excuse me, the will of 1111 countries who have condemned russia's war in the united nations general assembly. there is concern in the west that china will supply arms to russia, following a "no limits" partnership agreed by the two counties. it's a claim strongly denied by beijing. but last month, antony blinken said chinese firms were already providing non—lethal support to russia, and that beijing could change that to provide lethal support. but china's foreign ministry spokesman wang wenbin denied any plan to send weapons.

what we've done is to promote peace talks. we will continue to play a constructive role in the political settlement. as for the remarks of so called us government sources, i would like to stress that it is the united states, not china, that provides weapons to the battlefield in ukraine. isabel hilton is the founder of china dialogue and visiting professor at the lau institute. she explained... he hasn't changed his mind about the chinese relationship with russia. it's a big propaganda boost for putin who can't really travel that much any more because of the risk of arrest. and the timing is interesting. it is both the

anniversary of the beginning of the iraq war which the president invokes as proof of western hypocrisy, and also it's just after the as proof of western hypocrisy, and also it'sjust after the indictment and the show of solidarity. so definitely good for putin. goad and the show of solidarity. so definitely good for putin. good for putin. butjust _ definitely good for putin. good for putin. butjust in _ definitely good for putin. good for putin. butjust in terms _ definitely good for putin. good for putin. butjust in terms of- definitely good for putin. good for putin. butjust in terms of the - putin. butjust in terms of the power dynamic between china and russia, i am assuming that china now holds all the cards. he russia, i am assuming that china now holds all the cards.— holds all the cards. he very much has the upper _ holds all the cards. he very much has the upper hand. _ holds all the cards. he very much has the upper hand. pollutants i has the upper hand. pollutants options for china a very limited unless he really wants to cause trouble or embarrassment. but china is buying up the oil and glass that russia could no longer sell in europe. it's giving diplomatic and moral cover. and it is continuing to say that putin and he have the same worldview. in other words, the global order is changing, western dominance is over, liberal democracy is in decline, and now it's their

turn. and he is keeping to that. so it is usual for turn. and he is keeping to that. so it is usualfor xijinping to have russia on the side. he certainly doesn't want putin to fall. he doesn't want putin to fall. he doesn't want putin to fall. he doesn't want an unpredictable situation. that's a very long border. and so he needs to keep putin close, but hopefully to influence him against anything particularly dramatic like the use of battlefield nuclear weapons, for example. so if you are saying that china sees western liberal democracy on the decline the white house is now urging xijinping to on the decline the white house is now urging xi jinping to tell president putin to respect ukraine's sovereignty. lmilli president putin to respect ukraine's sovereignty-— sovereignty. will that fall on deaf ears? will he _ sovereignty. will that fall on deaf ears? will he want _ sovereignty. will that fall on deaf ears? will he want to _ sovereignty. will that fall on deaf ears? will he want to actively - ears? will he want to actively encourage the end of russia's invasion of ukraine? i encourage the end of russia's invasion of ukraine?— encourage the end of russia's invasion of ukraine? i think he would like _ invasion of ukraine? i think he would like this _ invasion of ukraine? i think he would like this to _ invasion of ukraine? i think he would like this to end. - invasion of ukraine? i think he would like this to end. i - invasion of ukraine? i think he would like this to end. i really| would like this to end. i really don't think putin signed up for a long war, although it is delivering some advantages to him. but if you look at the 12 point proposal that

china put forward, it does have territorial integrity and national sovereign treat as key principles. now you might think that that would mean russia needs to withdraw, and i do certainly, i'm sure, what zielinski will say when they have a phone call, the first direct communication between president zelenskyy and xi jinping. communication between president zelenskyy and xijinping. in communication between president zelenskyy and xi jinping. in all this time. so, i think that china is trying to balance a bit, and in order to balance they are having to advance or to advocate the principles that they say they hold to. it's very hard to see any kind of settlement in this dispute in this awful war without ukraine's territorial integrity being respected as china says it must be. let's turn to the global financial markets, which have reacted nervously to sunday night's emergency takeover

of the swiss bank credit suisse. 0ver over the weekend credit suisse was bought by its rival in a deal that was broken by the swiss government. ubs purchased credit suisse, at a fraction of what its closing market value was before the weekend, for 3.1 billion dollars, or about 2.5 million pounds. here's the chief executive of ubs explaining the rationale behind the deal. it means we bring back stability and security for credit suisse clients, but also that we keep the reputation of the swiss financial centre high. and finally, it means we're stemming the turmoil in the international financial markets. these three goals are very, very important to us. we're building a big ubs with less risk appetite. the ceo of ubs referred there to the turmoil

in the international financial markets. it has been a particularly challenging month for the banking sector. two us banks collapsed, silicon valley bank and signature bank, both catering largely to the tech sector. while those are the biggest bank failures in the us since 2008, neither was anywhere near the size of credit suisse. here's our business editor simonjack. swiss became the biggest and most important casualty of a situation that has already seen the failure of two mid—sized us banks silicon valley, their and signature bank and an emergency industry £30 billion whip round for another first republic bank. what do these banks get in trouble? the reasons differ, but the main reason behind it all is this global interest rates. these are us interest rates after many years of being close to zero. you can see they have rocketed as countries have tried to bring down inflation caused mainly by higher energy prices as russian energy was shut off or shunned. now that sudden change has hit the value of some of even the safest investment the banks keep

some of their money in. the first day of trading since the emergency takeover has been challenging. european markets around the world witnessed sharp losses in early trading, although banking stocks have since rebounded slightly. ubs stocks fell up to 13 percent earlier in the day, but they have rallied and were up by 1.3% at the time of closing. now a number of countries central banks are working together to provide stability. six central banks, including the bank of england, announced they would boost the flow of us dollars, to ensure a steady supply of cash. the european central bank is the central bank of the 19 european union countries which have adopted the euro. here's the bank's president, christine lagarde. let me also remind that we are monitoring market developments closely and stand ready to respond as necessary to preserve price stability and financial stability in the euro area. the euro area banking sector is resilient with strong capital

and liquidity positions. in any event, the ecb's policy toolkit is fully equipped to provide liquidity support to the euro area financial system. despite these assurances, many people are concerned by the volatility of the banking sector. here is katie martin, from the financial times. its first open this morning was really quite jittery. we saw some quite heavy falls in european banking stocks pretty much across the board. 0bviously credit suisse shares fell very heavily, but there was also a decent amount of weakness in, for example, deutsche bank and some of the french banks. now, that has calmed down a little and it's very early days and it's a bit too soon to be making sort of strong pronouncements about exactly what investors broadly think about this situation. but it is at least comforting to see that some of these sell offs

have calmed down. what we are seeing now is that governments and central banks and regulators all over the world are very much coming together to put forward a show of force, a show of strength to to say, we've got this. we've got the situation in hand. there are questions about whether what's happening now constitutes as a banking crisis and if it could lead to a financial crash similar to what happened in 2008. here's the view of one banking expert. banks now hold a much fatter capital cushion against this thing so i would be surprised and really disappointed if the big banks that we know certainly in the uk, because we know certainly in the uk, because we are really cut up by these smaller french banks possibly. the degree of protection in the system is not great. 50 degree of protection in the system is not great-— is not great. so bank regulators the are is not great. so bank regulators they are potentially _ is not great. so bank regulators they are potentially learned - is not great. so bank regulatorsl they are potentially learned their lessons, have they? let's cross over to new york.

correspondent michelle fleury. the turbulence we've been seeing over the past week or so is very alarming and investors are very easily spooked. if you go back to what your previous guess was saying about the market, it just guess was saying about the market, itjust depends on who you are. so if you are first a shareholder in first republic bank which is a regional american bank you might not be feeling the same way. there are still lingering concerns about the health and the future of that bank will stop there are reports that j. p. will stop there are reports that j.p. morgan is leading the way amongst sort of ache and torture of banks to try and come up with a solution to help first republic bank. so it underscores the fact we are not out of the woods yet. there is still fears about stability within the financial system. investors are still very skittish, and part because of what is happened at credit suites and that takeover ljy at credit suites and that takeover by ubs has played out. so we are not

out of the woods, and i think people are going to be looking at the regulators going what more could they be doing. that is a conversation you are hearing here in the united states. should they be doing more to ensure that deposits of customersmac that something that helped out at the failed silicon valley bank. should they extend that guaranteed others? that is a debate thatis guaranteed others? that is a debate that is ongoing at moment but one is fought politically because there is a lot of resistance. michelle, just taking a step back, people will be wondering surely we should have learned all of these lessons after 2008. and yet fast forward to now and we've as you say, depending on what you bank and we have your money, are concerned. and i think? yeah those concerns are very real. what is different from 2008 is that back then we were talking about dodgy mortgage access and how they were spliced and sold on. this time around, this is not the case. there are two things or play. on the one

hand, you have a situation of rising interest rates and what that is done to assets. but on the other hand, you've got essentially a loss of faith amongst customers who are trying to pull their deposits out of banks. and it's that run on confidence that is causing so many troubled people to go 0k it could happen at this bank. could happen at that? that is in part with the problem is now, not necessary and see solvents of banks. so, it's a different problem, but the outcome is the same in the sense that we are talking about the stability. you pointed out the financial system and bailing out and what can be done to kind of restore that trust and that confidence. aha, kind of restore that trust and that confidence-— confidence. a lot of fun certainly still, a lot _ confidence. a lot of fun certainly still, a lot of— confidence. a lot of fun certainly still, a lot of concern. _ confidence. a lot of fun certainly still, a lot of concern. thank - confidence. a lot of fun certainly still, a lot of concern. thank you j still, a lot of concern. thank you for talking us through it. we appreciate that. we've got lots on our website as well. how these different banks compare, do check that out.

don't forget you can get in touch with me and some of the team on twitter — i'm @kasiamadera. thanks for watching. hello. for most of us today has brought a very mild feel to the weather. temperatures in england, wales and northern ireland got above 15 degrees. scotland fell a little short of that. the mild weather being delivered to us by the jet stream, which is racing in from the atlantic. the jet stream, the winds high up in the atmosphere, driving weather systems around the globe. and along with that mild air, we are also seeing plenty of bouts of rain heading our way through the next few days. that rain really piling up over hills in the west. these are the rainfall accumulations we're expecting for the next five days. 0ver hills in southwest england,

wales, northwest england particularly, we could see 100 millimetres of rain. and quite a lot of rain actually to come overnight with this band of wet weather that will be pushing its way east tending to weaken a little. as it goes behind that, we may start to see a few more clear spells filtering into the west. at the same time, the breeze will strengthen a little on what will be a really mild night. five to ten degrees. tuesday morning starts with outbreaks of rain moving across 0rkney and shetland. shetland i think will stay wet for a good part of the day. then we're into a mix of sunny spells and showers, but some of the showers where they pop up could be heavy with some rumbles of thunder. and then late in the day, we see our next weather system, some cloud and rain getting into northern ireland. very mild indeed, 11 to 15 degrees. so our next weather system swings eastwards during tuesday night, accompanied by some quite brisk winds. and then really for wednesday, we will have a strong southwest wind. quite gusty conditions for many. and once again, a mix of sunny spells and showers. the showers perhaps focusing across western parts, perhaps some

more persistent rain later for the channel islands. so widely it will be windy. some western coasts could have gusts of around 50 miles per hour. temperatures seven degrees for low, 1a for hull, for norwich and for london. now looking ahead to thursday, again, it's a sunshine and showers day. again, some heavy thundery ones. could be some hail mixing in for good measure, some spells of sunshine between the downpours and then some heavier rain again starting to push up from the channel islands, maybe southern counties of england, seeing that later quite gusty conditions for many. again, mild double digit temperatures for most of us looking through friday and into the weekend, well, it will turn a little bit chillier across the north of the uk, staying milder further south and there is more rain on the way.

hello, i'm kasia madera, this is 0utside source. the climate time—bomb is ticking, that's the warning from the un, as scientists release their survival guide to avert disaster. humanity is on thin ice and that ice is melting fast. also on the programme. a close call for president macron, the french government narrowly survives a no confidence vote, over its controversial pensions reform. problems for the british government's deal with northern ireland, as the dup say thy�*ll vote

against a key part of the post—brexit trade rules. the un secretary—general has warned the climate time book is ticking. a new assess. from scientists said there were no time to lose, in tackling climate change. the suburb governmental panel on climate change says the worst can by a verityed if emissions are cut rapidly but that is unlikely to stop global temperatures rising by less than the target of 1.5 degrees celsius. storms. floods. heatwaves. all these weather extremes are likely to intensify as the world continues to warm, un scientists warned today. their report was published at a un

conference in the swiss town of interla ken. the document released here today draws together eight years work and it will be crucial — the basis for future global negotiations on climate for probably the next decade. and the key message, says the un chief, is that all is not quite yet lost. this report is a clarion call to massively fasttrack climate efforts by every country and every sector and on every timeframe. in short, our world needs climate action on all fronts — everything, everywhere, all at once. the glaciers in the mountains above where the scientists are meeting lost 6% of their volume last year alone — evidence of the impact climate change is already having. at this weather station in the alps, they have been collecting climate records for decades. today we got the strongest warning yet that, in the next few years, we are likely to bust through the 1.5 degree boundary that avoids the worst

impacts of global warming. the future really is in our hands. we will, in all probability, reach around 1.5 degrees early next decade but after that it really is our choices. this is why the rest of this decade is key. the report says the decisions we make now will determine our climate future for thousands of years to come. just look how animal species are affected as temperatures rise. the darker the colour, the more species face dangerous heat, and the more likely we are to lose them. there is some good news, though. the cost of key low—carbon technologies — electric vehicles and solar and wind power — has already fallen very rapidly. that will help because only a massive effort to cut greenhouse gas emissions can slow the global temperature rise, the scientists say.

it is those with political power and with decision power in the big companies of this world, who need to stop subsidising fossil fuels, stop everything to burn fossil fuels as fast as possible. the high alps show how climate change is already reshaping our world. there is still a window to keep it within manageable limits, today's report says, but it warns that, without dramatic global action, that window will soon slam shut. justin rowlatt, bbc news, interlaken. emmanuel macron's french government has narrowly survived a no confidence vote in parliament over its controversial pensions reform. a total of 278 mps voted in favour of the motion, nine short of the threshold for it to pass.

it comes after a bill — which would raise the retirement age from 62 to 64 — was pushed through parliament without a vote last week. prime minister elisabeth borne used a special constitutional power to avoid a knife—edge vote on thursday. that led to rowdy scenes — some mps booed, as others sung the national anthem, la marseillaise. take a listen. they sing la marseillaise but events in the national assembly were tame, compared to elsewhere. the passing of this bill has led to days of angry demonstrations. these pictures are from paris on thursday evening where there were clashes between police and protestors. cars were set on fire and many demonstrators were arrested. live now to paris with our correspondent hugh schofield. averted if emissions are cut rapidly but that is unlikely to stop global

temperatures rising by less than the target of 1.5 degrees celsius. although the government, they didn't get enough votes, to push through, they didn't want to risk having a vote on the actual pension reforms, they did succeed in winning a no confidence vote but it was very narrow. , ., . ., . confidence vote but it was very narrow. , ., _, . ., narrow. yes, the no confidence vote is a direct result _ narrow. yes, the no confidence vote is a direct result of _ narrow. yes, the no confidence vote is a direct result of the _ narrow. yes, the no confidence vote is a direct result of the invocation i is a direct result of the invocation of the constitutional procedure last week which avoided the vote on the motion, you avoid the vote on the measure, and you push it through that way, but the quid pro quo is they get a chance to bring the government down in a motion. so the one followed from the other. they got the law through last week, today, was the censure motion and to get it through the opposition parties, had to get up to the half way point of the number of mps there are, which as it happens is 287, they reached 278, they were nine short, which meant that the far

left, the far right, collegist, the left, the far right, collegist, the left, the far right, collegist, the left, the socialists as well as some conservatives all came together, to reach this figure which was very close to the number needed. so it was a scare, i don't think anyone really expected this such a motion to work because the numbers weren't really in it, but they did come exceedingly close but they failed and the result is that the law does go through, but of course the tensions in the country and in parliament have very much alive. so the law to increase the pension age, to raise it from 62 to 64, it is now law, we have been witnessing what is going on on the streets of not least paris but across france, just, what we action do you expect, hugh? technically it is not law, there is a last phase where it will be taken before the constitutional council which is a body which rules on the

constitutionality of law, the chances of that doing anything significant is small, so it will get promulgated in certainty, the reaction across the country is here clear, we know it is an unpopular measure, we know the opposition parties are going to continue to be active, right now there is another demonstration outside, which you know, police haveer surrounded it hasn't turned nasty but there is always a possibility. there is the distinct sort of mood at the demonstrations now, in which one would not be surprised to see things turning nasty, of course then they do the demonstrators who tend to be from the far left, from organised groups say, yes, well what do you expect? it's the government who has forced us uninto this situation, there be more demonstrations on thursday and more strikes, you know, the sort of pressure points of fuel

depots, powerstations the sort of pressure points of fuel depots, power stations and so on, have not really been affected yet, in the ongoing campaign but they could be, so all of that is a possibility, the other possibility of course, is that now that the law has been not quite promulgated is certain to pass through, that people who otherwise are lending their support tacitly to the opposition campaign will simply say, well, too bad, we tried and failed. it's a fact of life, let us get op with our lives. lives. that is not how it feels, the left and the far right feels, the left and the far right feel they have scored a moral victory and they have no intention of giving up the fight. aha, victory and they have no intention of giving up the fight.— of giving up the fight. a clear indication _ of giving up the fight. a clear indication of _ of giving up the fight. a clear indication of the _ of giving up the fight. a clear indication of the mood - of giving up the fight. a clearj indication of the mood there. of giving up the fight. a clear- indication of the mood there. thank you hugh. the leader of northern ireland's democratic unionist party, or dup, says his party will vote against a key part of the british government's deal with brussels on post—brexit trade rules this week. the statement has come from this man — sirjeffrey donaldson —

who says the party made the decision to knock back the measure because of, in his words, "ongoing issues". he spoke to the bbc earlier. the dup is the voice that says this doesn't work for northern ireland, we need to get this right, that is what we are working towards and we need to ensure the measures proposed in the windsor framework work for northern ireland, and at the moment, we believe that what is there is not sufficient to meet the concerns that we have raised. wednesday's vote is the first on several aspects of the agreement, known as the windsor framework. specifically the part known as the "stormont break", which takes its name from northern ireland's parliament in belfast. 0ur ireland correspondent chris page explains what these two terms actually mean. the windsor framework means goods moving will go into a green lane, there won't be a routine physical inspection, there will be a red lane for products due to move on into the

republic of ireland, those goods will be checked, there is also a measure known as the stormont break which would enable the northern ireland assembly to raise objections to eu rules. in help us the the sticking point, it is a new agreement that rishi sunak has negotiated with the eu that replaces something called the northern ireland protocol, that was particularly controversial with the dup, and many parts of the unionist community in northern ireland, because of checks on goods that were crossing the irish sea coming from scotland, wales, and england, into northern ireland. and this windsor framework, the new deal he has got as we heard from chris there, it means far fewer check, it means

there is that stormont break which means that politicians sitting at stormont can vote to have eu legislation paused from taking effect, of course northern ireland, because of the open border on the island of ireland is still subjected to a number of eu law, so rishi sunak considered that a great achievement to be able to put on the table and offer, but the dup are saying this is not going far enough for them, saying this is not going far enough forthem, it saying this is not going far enough for them, it doesn't sound like they want to go back in to government in northern ireland, there is no executive there, currently, because of disagreements about how eu rules are operating there. rishi sunak, this isn't a big blow to him in terms of winning this vote on wednesday, because the labour party the opposition are sporting him so he has the number to get this threw, but it would have been brilliant if he had the biggest union united party in northern ireland backing him or even abstaining so it is pretty much the worst outcome they

are saying no vote against it. they are saying no vote against it. they are still up for talking about it, they are saying there won't be any significant changes, this is the best agreement on the table. the best agreement on the table. the best agreement on the table but arguably is this notjust hypothetical given as you mention the executive, stormont is not sitting. the executive, stormont is not sittina. ., , ., the executive, stormont is not sittina. .,, ., , the executive, stormont is not sittina. ., , ,, sitting. the hope for rishi sunak that was that _ sitting. the hope for rishi sunak that was that in _ sitting. the hope for rishi sunak that was that in securing - sitting. the hope for rishi sunak that was that in securing this - sitting. the hope for rishi sunak l that was that in securing this deal, in getting rid of so many of the checks on goods crossing the irish sea, on giving mlas in northern ireland the ability to at least pause new eu laws taking effect and then the uk government could ensure they did not apply, that he secured so many new aspect tos this brexit deal, that it would be enough for the dup to say were satisfied with this, we will go back in to government, that is not what has happened here, and it looks like steal mate in stormont will consider

where a majority of the mla who want to take their seat there's are broadly supportive of the sort of changes that rishi sunak has managed to get but with the way that government works in northern ireland, with the compositions necessary to get an executive up and running from nationalists and unionist community, without the dup playing ball that can't happen. i want to bring you back when we talk about the former prime minister borisjohnson. he's submitted his defence on whether he misled the country's parliament about parties held during the covid—19lockdown. the gatherings happened at the british leader's official residence and office, number 10 downing street, at a time when getting together was banned, in an attempt to stop the spread of covid. the rules broken were introduced by mrjohnson's own government. in may last year, an inquiry by this senior civil servant — sue gray —

found that widespread rule—breaking had taken place. borisjohnson was among 83 people fined by police for attending law—breaking events. at the heart of the so—called "party—gate" saga, are statements which the former pm made to the house of common in december 2021 — including this one. i have been repeatedly assured since these allegations emerged, that there was no party and, and that no covid rules were broken and that is what i have been repeatedly assured. mrjohnson will appear before a committee of mps on wednesday, in a televised session, investigating whether he misled mps. in the uk misleading parliament is seen as a serious breach of the parliamentary rules. on monday reporters asked boris johnson about these latest developments. reporter: mr johnson, _ you made the rules, surely you must have known they were being broken? do you think you are going to get

a fair hearing, sir? so no clear response. but it's worth just pointing out that a spokesperson for mrjohnson has previously issued a statement which said... "the privileges committee will vindicate borisjohnson's position." the statement adds... "the evidence will show that borisjohnson did not knowingly mislead parliament." live again to david wallace lockhart. monitoring all of this h david, so borisjohnson he has submitted his defence, what happens next? 50 boris johnson he has submitted his defence, what happens next? so the cross-party — defence, what happens next? so the cross-party committee _ defence, what happens next? so the cross-party committee of _ defence, what happens next? so the cross-party committee of mps, - defence, what happens next? so the cross-party committee of mps, the i cross—party committee of mps, the privileges committee who are conducting this investigation into whether or not borisjohnson misled parliament, will now look at that evidence, he has submitted. they will decide if any redactions have to be made, so we should in the not too distant future get a chance to have a look at this before boris johnson appears in person, in a televised session on wednesday. now, we have heard statements from boris

johnson about his conduct during this period so i think we can probably make a pretty good stab at what his arguments are likely to be, previously he has relied oner —— arguing what he was doing was within the rules and he is saying he can't have knowingly misled mps because he did believe those gatherings to have been following the rule, when the met police investigated them, they issued fines for breaching of the rules so we know that many of the gatherings were found to not be compliant, but i suspect there is going to be a lot of focus on the ideas of whether or not boris johnson knowingly misled mps, whether he committed any sort of contempt of parliament, now this all sounds procedural, but the ultimate significant of this all could be quite stark, because this committee could ultimately suggest a sanction, for mps to vote on for boris

johnson. if that sanction was to suspend him from parliament for ten sitting days or more, he could be subject to what is known as a recall petition by means his constituents could decide to recall him from parliament. have a by—election and he would be entitled to run in that but could try and replace him as a member of parliament. let us remember there are rumours that he may feel he has unfinished business politically, if, if he was to lose his seat, as an mp, that would probably make it hard to see where his political career would go from there, but i suspect we will hear borisjohnson there, but i suspect we will hear boris johnson strongly argue there, but i suspect we will hear borisjohnson strongly argue none of thatis borisjohnson strongly argue none of that is necessary because he feels he did not knowingly mislead parliament and we will see him put forward that case. fin parliament and we will see him put forward that case.— forward that case. on wednesday indeed. thank _ forward that case. on wednesday indeed. thank you _ forward that case. on wednesday indeed. thank you very _ forward that case. on wednesday indeed. thank you very much. - forward that case. on wednesday | indeed. thank you very much. stay with us here. still to come... and some good news — if you happen to live in finland! a report finds the nordic nation

is happiest country in the world. after months of disruption on britain's railways because of strike action — there has finally been a breakthrough. thousands of rail staff have accepted a new pay still to come... and some good news — if you happen to live in finland! offer from network rail. 0ur transport correpsondent katy austin reports nine months after this series of national rail strikes began, a breakthrough. the deal accepted by signal workers and maintenance staff in the rmt union includes a headline payrise of 5% for last year and 4% for this year. the rmt says some of the lowest paid workers will actually see their salaries rise by much more than that. and this year's pay rise will be backdated, meaning a bigger lump sum upfront. there are other benefits too, like discounted travel. the rmt leader, though, was not celebrating today. it is way below inflation and it's not as far as we would have wanted it to go. it's not as far we hoped at the beginning of the dispute. but we have taken a lot of action.

our members have shown their commitment to the cause. we have taken some of the worst aspects of the company's proposals off the table. but we're not saying it is a great pay offer. we think it's very modest — that is the best that can be said of it. does that mean these strikes have failed then, if it's not the offer you wanted? no, they haven't failed. at the start of the dispute they offered 2%. for passengers, hope that the end of walk—outs could be approaching. i do a lot of train travel so, very good, yeah. due to that, we were not able to travel with the train, - we had to travel on the motorway i so it was very difficult for us. . if they are happy with the deal then that's brilliant. strikes by rmt members who work for train operating companies — guards, for example — are still due to go ahead, on the 30th of march and the 1st of april. their dispute carries on. the industry and government have repeated their calls for those workers to get a vote too. they haven't had the chance to consider this pay offer and i hope their union gives them the chance to consider it and decide whether, like their network rail workers, whether they want to settle

this dispute as well. the union says that will only happen if a better offer is put on the table, but with the network rail this is 0utside source live from the bbc newsroom. 0ur lead story. the most detailed climate change report yet, says the world has all the tools to tackle global warming, but isn't using them effectively. exactly 20 years ago today, us forces, with the uk and other allies, invaded iraq in order to oust the dictator saddam hussein. it was part of the us called its �*war on terror�*, begun by president george w bush in the wake of the 9—11 terrorist attack in 2001. a lot of the old city of mosul hasn't been built yet, it was destroyed in 2017 during the war to eradicate the jihadists of the caliphate

of islamic state, it was really nasty, house—to—house fighting. and it went on for months. i was here at the time, and a lot of civilians, as well as fighters, were killed. the rise and fall of islamic state, also known as isis, was part of an unfolding catastrophe that engulfed iran and was felt right across the middle east. now, a lot of it goes back to march 2003. that is when the americans in the british and their allies invaded iraq.

the americans called the massive air raids with which they opened the war shot and or. they claimed, wrongly, that this was the way to make the middle east safer for everyone. within weeks, they had removed the iraqi dictator saddam hussein. another false claim was that he had weapons of mass destruction. the us navy flew president george w bush out to an aircraft carrier where he declared victory. the tyrant has fallen and iraq is free. he could not have been more wrong. the americans hadn't worked out how they were going to replace saddam hussein's regime. in the end, they imposed a system that turned sectarian and ethnic groups against each other. in the years of chaos and violence that followed, hundreds of thousands

of iraqis were killed. no—one knows how many exactly as armed groups fought each other, fought the americans and killed each other�*s civilians. much of mosul and other cities has been rebuilt. there are bright spots. as for the west, the americans and the british — the invaders, a lot of the world just laughs when they talk about peace or international law because of what happened here. but what matters most is the effect on the lives of millions of people, notjust in iraq but across the wider middle east, who suffered and died because of the invasion and its consequences. in case you didn't know, today is international of day of happiness, which means the united nations has released its annual world happiness report. the report surveys 100,000 people around the world. it measures six key factors. they are — social support, income, health, freedom, generosity,

and the absence of corruption. and surprise, surprise, finland came out on top. it's the country's sixth consecutive year as the world's happiest country. at the bottom, afghanistan, which is under taliban rule, and has seen a roll—back in human rights, since the us withdrawal in 2020. but overall, the report's authors say it's good news. despite challenges and crises around the world, the report found that global life satisfaction in the covid—19 years, between 2020 to 2022, has been just as high as those in the pre—pandemic years, with benevolence to others having risen around 25% since the pandemic began. let's discuss the reasons behind the results, with one of the co—authors, lara aknin, a social psychologist at simon fraser university in canada. welcome, so, there's good new, countries have shown themselves to be more resilient, talk us through behind some of the reasons behind why they have done that. certainly, so, this why they have done that. certainly, so. this year's _ why they have done that. certainly, so, this year's report _ why they have done that. certainly, so, this year's report features - why they have done that. certainly, | so, this year's report features many interesting findings but one of the most interesting coming from chapter to is the national rankings, these are based on people's self reported happiness, so each year the surveys

are on 100,000 new respondent, from various country, over 130 in most year, and the average life evaluations are used across a three year average to compute the average life satisfaction. this year finland have topped the chart. the stability in numeric values if that makes sense, partially which is is a surprise given all the challenge, the challenges that are going on in the challenges that are going on in the world, we, we are looking at people's self reported averages so we as editors of the report, and chapter authors try to understand why this stability might be there, we look at the six factors you labelled. that helps us explain variation across countries and we think one of the main reasons for this stability in this year's report, despite the third year of covid and war raging in various places, there has been for the

second year running a huge spike and persistent strike in ben never lens round the world. we persistent strike in ben never lens round the world.— round the world. we will have to leave it there, _ round the world. we will have to leave it there, on _ round the world. we will have to leave it there, on that _ round the world. we will have to leave it there, on that report, i leave it there, on that report, thank you, unhappily we have to finish it there. today a brought a mild feel to the weather. temperatures got above 15 degree, scotland fell a little short. the mild weather being delivered by the jet stream racing in from the atlantic, the winds high up in from the atlantic, the winds high up in the atmosphere, driving weather systems round the globe and with that mild air we are also seeing plenty of bouts of rain heading our way through the next few day, that rain piling up over hills in the west, these are the rainfall accumulations we expect for the next five days over hills in south—west england, wales, north—west england particularly, we could see 100 millimetres of rain and a lot of rain to come overnight, with this band of wet weather that will be

pushing eastwards, tending to weaken a little as it go, behind that which may start to see clear spells filtering into the west, at the same time the breeze will strengthen on what will be a mild night, five to ten degrees, tuesday morning starts with outbreaks of rain moving across 0rkney and shetland. shetland will stay wet for a good part of the day. then we are into sunny spells and showers, showers could be heavy with thunder, late in the day we see our next weather system, cloud and rain getting into northern ireland, very mild indeed. 11 to 15 degrees. so our next weather system swings eastwards, with brisk winds, and then really for wednesday, we will have a strong south—westerly wind, gusty conditions for many, and once again, a mix of sunny spells and shower, the showers focussing across western parts perhaps more persistent rain for the channel island so widely it will be windy, some western coasts could have gusts

of round 50mph, temperatures, seven degrees for lerwick, 14 for hull, norwich and london. looking ahead to thursday, it is a sunshine and showers day. heavy thundery one, could be hail, some spells of sunshine between the downpours and then heavier rain again starting to push up from the channel islands, maybe southern counties later in the day. mild double digit temperatures. looking through friday and the weekend. it will turn chillier in the north of the uk, staying milder further south and there is more rain on the way.

hello, i'm kasia madera, this is 0utside source. the climate time—bomb is ticking — that's the warning from the un, as scientists release their survival guide to avert disaster. humanity is on thin ice, and that ice is melting fast. floods, heatwaves, melting glaciers — scientists say rapid cuts to fossil fuels could still make a difference, but time is running out. also on the programme... "my dearfriend," says president putin, as he welcomes china's leader to moscow to discuss beijing's peace plan for ukraine. and turbulence on global financial markets, after the emergency take—over of the troubled bank

credit suisse. we begin in switzerland — where the un secretary—general has warned that the "climate time bomb is ticking", urging rich nations to slash emissions sooner after a new assessment from scientists said there was little time to lose in tackling climate change. the inter—governmental panel on climate change says the worst can still be averted if emissions are cut rapidly. but even that is unlikely to stop global temperatures rising by less than the target of 1.5 degrees celsius. here's antonio guterres. humanity is on thin ice, and that ice is melting fast. as today's report of the intergovernmental panel on climate change details, humans are responsible for virtually all global heating over the last 200 years. the rate of temperature rise in the last half—century

is the highest in 2,000 years. concentrations of carbon dioxide are at their highest in at least two million years. the climate time—bomb is ticking. let's look through the key findings of the ipcc summary. it condenses eight years of climate science from six reports published since 2014. the report says the world is expected to warm above 1.5 degrees centigrade by the early 20305, and that nations will need to make a "rapid and deep reduction in emissions across all sectors this decade" to prevent the planet from overheating dangerously beyond that level. but it also adds "there are multiple, feasible, and effective options available now to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and adapt to climate change." here's dr friederike 0tto, one of the report's authors. what this report shows us that other reports have not shown us is that we do have all the knowledge and all the technology

we need to get to net zero. so we have no excuses any more to wait. we just have to implement them now. so despairing will not stop climate change, but acting will. so a message that there's still one last chance to shift course, but that shift would be unprecedented in scale. the report says all industrialized nations need to immediately slash greenhouse gases roughly in half by 2030, and stop adding carbon dioxide to the atmosphere altogether by the early 20505. if those two steps were taken, the world would have about a 50% chance of limiting warming to 1.5 degrees celsius. professor rob jackson from stanford university explains why many countries will find that difficult. how do we leave half the world's known oil and gas reserves - in the ground and unburned, - and who's oil and gas will that be? every country, every company will

i lobby to burn all of their fuels, i how do we stop that? so that's the challenge the world is facing — now let's look at the potential consequences. the ipcc report says global warming is already contributing to ever more extreme events — such as these record—breaking wildfire5 in europe last year. by the end of this century, extreme flooding like this in pakistan — that usually occurs once in 100 years — could happen at least once a year in many areas of the world. here's dr ella gilbert, a climate 5cienti5t for the british antarctic survey. it also impacts all of us because it has impacts for global weather patterns. —— consequences for global weather patterns. and of course, when we have melting ice from greenland or antarctica, which are these huge ice caps — when the ice starts to enter the oceans, that contributes to sea—level rise, which impacts us all over the world, no matter where we are. it all comes as the world's two biggest polluter5, china and the us, continue

to approve new fossil fuel project5. last year, china i55ued permits for 168 coal—fired power plants of various sizes, according to the centre for research on energy and clean air. and last week, the biden administration approved an enormous oil drilling project known as willow, on federal land in alaska. here's harjeet singh, from the climate action network. policymakers must see what is at stake. so it's not only people, but also economies and the entire planet. this is the time to act. and what this report does is provide that blueprint, but also the details that policymakers need to act. and what we need is a political will. 0ur climate editorjustin rowlatt has more from interlaken. if we make really deep cut5 if we make really deep cuts in carbon dioxide emissions and develop technologies that can draw carbon dioxide, 5uck carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, we can bring

temperatures back down to 1.5 degrees. so i think e55entially what they're saying is there is a window of opportunity to keep climate change within manageable limits, but that window is rapidly being 5lammed a close. so it is a moderated message — i don't think they would say it was a failure, the scientists would say, "we simply 5tudy what's happening, is not ourjob to succeed orfail in this." but in happening, is not ourjob to succeed or fail in this." but in terms of the global negotiations, it is disappointing certainly that it looks like we will bu5t through this crucial barrier, and i think the scientists here would say the 5cienti5ts here would say the evidence they presenting today — which remember, underpins future global negotiations — will encourage governments to take deeper and more serious action. that's certainly the message from the un secretary—general today who said what needs to happen is we need everything, everywhere all at once ljy everything, everywhere all at once by borrowing the title of the 05car—winning movie. for more, i spoke to professor emily shuckburgh, director of cambridge zero,

the university of cambridge's climate change initiative. hone5tly, this report lays out, in really stark and, quite frankly, shocking terms, the state that we're in. it says that there is a rapidly—closing window to secure a liveable and sustainable future for all — nothing less than that. but it also provides some hope. it says that there are feasible, effective, and low—cost options for achieving that liveable and sustainable future. but this is really the message that political leaders need to understand — it also says that the choices and actions implemented today will have impacts for thousands of years. so, no, it is absolutely the case that we need action now, today, notjust pledge5 and ambitions, but actual action, in terms of both emissions reductions, but also really importantly,

in terms of measures to cope with the climate changes that we're already seeing playing out around the world. so you're talking about actions, and we're hearing the messaging, but we've still got to say — we talked about the biden administration, approving tho5e enormou5 oil drilling project5, we've got china issuing permits for 168 coal—fired power plants. there's a discord, isn't there, when it comes to what is happening and what the messaging is from reports like these? i mean, hone5tly, it's nothing short of utter folly. as you described in your introduction, there's been eight years of science behind this report. there are literally tens of thousands of researchers around the world whose research has gone into this report. and it's probably the most comprehensive assessment of any topic that's ever been undertaken, and the messages are absolutely clear. so the sorts of activities in terms of expanding the the what was, frankly, the technologies

of the past, in terms of our fo55il fuel infrastructure, rather than investing in the technologies of the future. frankly, it's mind—boggling as to why anybody would think that's a sensible thing to do in the face of this evidence base. let's turn to russia — where vladimir putin i5 welcoming chinese leader xi jinping, one of his most important remaining allie5 on the world stage. their meeting comes just three days after the international criminal court issued a warrant for the russian president's arrest. xijinping arrived in moscow earlier, for his first visit since russia's full—scale invasion of ukraine last year. reporters, dignitaries, and a military band were all on hand at the airport to greet the chinese leader as he got off the plane. and this was the moment the two men met at the kremlin. president putin has told xi that the russian government has studied in detail beijing's proposals for settling the crisis in ukraine. the russian leader said

he was looking forward to discussing the plan. translation: we have carefullyl studied your proposals on settling the acute crisis in ukraine. of course we'll have an opportunity to discuss these issues. we know that you're guided by observing the principles ofjustice and respect for the basics of international law. undivided security for every country. last month, beijing laid out its proposals aimed at bringing an end to the war in ukraine. but what does their 12—point plan involve? it calls for "the sovereignty of all countries", but does not specifically say russia mu5t withdraw its troops from ukraine. it condemns the use of "unilateral sanctions" against moscow, an implicit criticism of ukraine's we5tern allie5. there is a call for the establishment of humanitarian corridors for the evacuation of civilians and steps to ensure the export of grain. and the plan calls for an end to the "cold war mentality" —

a term understood to refer to america's global dominance. but it's the relationship between moscow and beijing, which many in the west see as an obstacle to chinese mediation efforts. and today's meeting seems to have brought them closer together. here's the chinese leader speaking about president putin. translation: dear president putin, i i always call you "my dear friend". | i was very glad to receive your proposal with a state visit once again. after my re—election as chairman of china's communist party, i chose russia as the first foreign country to visit. it's comments like those, which raise eyebrows in kyiv. the secretary of ukraine's national security and defence council tweeted, suggesting china's plan missed out some key details. 0leksiy danilov said that... likewise, the foreign

ministry spokesperson, 0leg nikolenko, said... reaction from the united states to china's plan has also been sceptical. secretary of state, antony blinken, warned that a ceasefire on russia's terms was unacceptable. the world should not be fooled| by any tactical move by russia, supported by china or any other country to freeze the war - on its own terms. such a move would violate| the un charter and delay — defy, excuse me — the will of 141 countries who have condemned. russia's war in the united. nations general assembly. there is concern in the west that china will supply arms to russia, following a "no—limits" partnership agreed by the two counties. it's a claim strongly denied by beijing. but last month, antony blinken said chinese firms were already providing "non—lethal support" to russia, and that beijing could change that to provide "lethal support".

but china's foreign ministry spokesman denied any plan to send weapons, and criticised the west for giving weapons to ukraine. translation: china, as always, upholds an objective and just - position over the ukraine crisis. what we've done is to promote peace talks. we will continue to play a constructive role in the political settlement. as for the remarks of so—called us government sources, i would like to stress that it is the united states, not china, that provides weapons to the battlefield in ukraine. and in moscow, evgeny popov — a member of president putin's united russia party — said he did not believe putin would be asking china for more weapons. i think our factories are good, and we have enough weaponsj to do what we want to do. i don't think we will ask

president xi to help - us with the weapons. isabel hilton is the founder of china dialogue, and visiting professor at the lau institute. she gave me her reaction to the meeting. xijinping is saying to xi jinping is saying to the world now that in a year of terrible war, he hasn't changed his mind about the chinese relationship with russia. it's a big propaganda boost for putin who can't really travel that much any more because of the risk of arrest. and the timing is interesting. it is both the anniversary of the beginning of the iraq war which the president invokes as proof of western hypocrisy, and also its just after the indictment and the show of solidarity. so definitely good for putin. good for putin, butjust in terms

of the power dynamic between china and russia, i am assuming that china now holds all the cards. he very much has the upper hand. pollutants options for china a very limited unless he really wants to cause trouble or embarrassment. but china is buying up the oil and glass that russia could no longer sell in europe. —— buying up the oil and gas. it's giving diplomatic and moral cover. and it is continuing to say that putin and he have the same worldview. in other words, the global order is changing, western dominance is over, liberal democracy is in decline, and now it's their turn. and he is keeping to that. so it is usualfor xijinping to have russia on the side. he certainly doesn't want putin to fall. he doesn't want an unpredictable situation. that's a very long border. and so he needs to keep putin close, but hopefully to influence him

against anything particularly dramatic like the use of battlefield nuclear weapons, for example. so if you are saying that china sees western liberal democracy on the decline the white house is now urging xijinping to tell president putin to respect ukraine's sovereignty, will that fall on deaf ears? would he want to actively encourage the end of russia's invasion of ukraine? i think he would like this to end. i really don't think putin signed up for a long war, although it is delivering some advantages to him. but if you look at the 12 point proposal that china put forward, it does have territorial integrity and national sovereign treat as key principles. now you might think that that would mean russia needs to withdraw, and i do certainly, i'm sure, what zielinski will say when they have a phone call, the first direct communication

between president zelensky and xijinping. in all this time. so, i think that china is trying to balance a bit, and in order to balance they are having to advance or to advocate the principles that they say they hold to. it's very hard to see any kind of settlement in this dispute in this awful war without ukraine's territorial integrity being respected as china says it must be. stay with us on 0utside source. still to come: fears in financial markets appeared to ease, a day after regulators agreed a rescue dealfor troubled lending giant credit suisse.

applause let there be no more war or bloodshed between arabs and israelis. with great regret, the committee has decided that south africa will be excluded from the 1970 competition. chanting streaking across the sky, the white hot wreckage from mir drew gasps from onlookers on fiji.

this is 0utside source, live from the bbc newsroom. 0ur lead story is... the most detailed climate change report yet says the world has all the tools to tackle global warming, but isn't using them effectively. vladimir putin has told the visiting chinese leader, xijinping, that he's looking forward to discussing beijing's plans to end the war in ukraine. let's turn to the global financial markets — which have reacted nervously to sunday night's emergency takeover of the swiss bank credit suisse. over the weekend, credit suisse was bought by its swiss rival ubs in a deal brokered by the swiss government, who deemed the bank too big to fail. ubs purchased credit suisse, at a fraction of what its closing market value was before the weekend, for $3.1 billion, or about £2.5 billion. here's the chief executive of ubs explaining the rationale behind the deal.

translation: it means we bring back stability and security _ for credit suisse clients, but also that we keep the reputation of the swiss financial centre high. and finally, it means we're stemming the turmoil in the international financial markets. these three goals are very, very important to us. we're building a big ubs with less risk appetite. the ceo of ubs referred there to "turmoil in the international financial markets." it has been a particularly challenging month for the banking sector. two us banks collapsed, both catering largely to the tech sector. while those are the biggest bank failures in the us since 2008, neither of them are anywhere near the size of credit suisse. here's our business editor simonjack. credit suisse became the biggest and most important casualty of a situation that has already seen the failure

of two mid—sized us banks — silicon valley there and signature bank, and an emergency industry £30 billion whip round for another, first republic bank. what do these banks get in trouble? the reasons differ, but the main reason behind it all is this global interest rates — these are us interest rates after many years of being close to zero, you can see, they have rocketed as countries have tried to bring down inflation caused mainly by higher energy prices as russian energy was shut off or shunned. now that sudden change has hit the value of some of even the safest investment the banks keep some of their money in. the first day of trading since the emergency takeover has been challenging. european markets witnessed sharp losses in early trading, although banking stocks have since rebounded slightly. ubs stocks fell by up to 13% earlier in the day, but they have rallied and were up by 1.3% at the time of closing. now a number of countries' central banks are working together to provide stability. six central banks, including the bank of england, announced they would boost the flow of us dollars, to ensure a steady supply of cash.

the european central bank is the central bank of the 19 european union countries which have adopted the euro. here's the bank's president, christine lagarde. let me also remind that we are . monitoring market developments closely and stand ready to respond as necessary to preserve price - stability and financial - stability in the euro area. the euro area banking sector| is resilient with strong capital and liquidity positions. in any event, the ecb's policy- toolkit is fully equipped to provide liquidity support to the euro area financial system. - despite these assurances, many people are concerned by the volatility of the banking sector. here is katie martin, from the financial times. markets first opened this morning and it was really quite jittery.

markets first opened this morning and it was really quitejittery. we saw some heavy falls in european banking stocks, pretty much across the board. 0bviously banking stocks, pretty much across the board. obviously it credit suisse shares fell very heavily, but there was also a decent amount of french banks. that's calm down a little and it's very early days, and it's a bit too soon to be making strong pronouncements about exactly what investors probably think about the situation. but it is at least comforting to see some of these sell—offs have calmed down. what we are seeing now is that governments and central banks, and regulators all over the world are very much coming together to put forward a show of force and strength to say, "we've got this, we've got the situation in hand." there are questions about whether what's happening now constitutes a banking crisis, and if it could lead to a financial crash similar to what happened in 2008. here's the view of one banking expert.

banks have learned a lot of their lessons — banks now hold a much fatter capital cushion against this thing, so i would be surprised and really disappointed if the big banks that we know certainly in the uk, because we are really cut up by these smaller french banks possibly. the degree of protection in the system is not great. our new york business correspondent michelle fleury explains how the credit suisse bailout is playing out in us banking sector. there is a degree of calm returning, itjust depends on who you were. so if you are first a shareholder in first republic bank which is a regional american bank you might not be feeling the same way. there are still lingering concerns about the health and the future of that bank, and there are reports thatjp morgan is leading the way amongst a consortia of banks to try and come up with a solution to help first republic bank.

so it underscores the fact we are not out of the woods yet. there is still fears about stability within the financial system. investors are still very skittish, in part because of what is happened at credit suisse and that takeover by ubs has played out. so we are not out of the woods, and i think people are going to be looking at the regulators going, "what more could they be doing?" that is a conversation you are hearing here in the united states. should they be doing more to ensure that deposits of customers? that something that helped out at the failed silicon valley bank — should they extend that guaranteed others? that's a debate that is ongoing at moment, but one is fought politically because there is a lot of resistance. much more on all that on our website, but we must end the programme on a positive note, shall we? today is international day of happiness, and that actually means that the united nations has released its annual world happiness report —

and it categorises which country is the happiest and which to live in, and no surprises, finland has come out on top. it's the sixth consecutive year for the world's happiest country. if you're there, tell me, why so happy? hello. for most of us, today has brought a very mild feel to the weather. temperatures in england, wales and northern ireland got above 15 celsius. scotland fell a little short of that. the mild weather being delivered to us by the jet stream, which is racing in from the atlantic. the jet stream, the winds high up in the atmosphere, driving weather systems around the globe. and along with that mild air, we are also seeing plenty of bouts of rain heading our way through the next few days. that rain really piling up over hills in the west. these are the rainfall accumulations we're expecting for the next five days. 0ver hills in southwest england, wales, northwest england particularly, we could see 100 millimetres of rain. and quite a lot of rain actually to come overnight with this band of wet weather

that will be pushing its way east tending to weaken a little. as it goes behind that, we may start to see a few more clear spells filtering into the west. at the same time, the breeze will strengthen a little on what will be a really mild night. 5—10 celsius. tuesday morning starts with outbreaks of rain moving across 0rkney and shetland. shetland, i think, will stay wet for a good part of the day. then we're into a mix of sunny spells and showers, but some of the showers where they pop up could be heavy with some rumbles of thunder. and then late in the day, we see our next weather system, some cloud and rain getting into northern ireland. very mild indeed, 11—15 celsius. so our next weather system swings eastwards during tuesday night, accompanied by some quite brisk winds. and then really for wednesday, we will have a strong southwest wind. quite gusty conditions for many. and once again, a mix of sunny spells and showers. the showers perhaps focusing across western parts, perhaps some more persistent rain later for the channel islands. so widely it will be windy. some western coasts could have

gusts of around 50mph. temperatures seven celsius for low, 14 for hull, for norwich and for london. now looking ahead to thursday, again, it's a sunshine and showers day. again, some heavy thundery ones. could be some hail mixing in for good measure, some spells of sunshine between the downpours and then some heavier rain again starting to push up from the channel islands, maybe southern counties of england, seeing that later in the day. again, mild double—digit temperatures for most of us looking through friday and into the weekend, well, it will turn a little bit chillier across the north of the uk, staying milder further south and there is more rain on the way.

my guest today has covered some of the most defining stories of our time. gary younge briefly became part of nelson mandela's entourage, joined revellers as president 0bama was elected, and has covered much else too — gay marriage, brexit, the windrush scandal, and the black lives matter movement. gary left full—time journalism at the guardian in 2020 to become professor of sociology at the university of manchester. although he continues to write articles for various publications and books. his new one is a collection

of his journalism called dispatches from the diaspora. gary younge, welcome to the media show.