tonight at ten, it's called a "survival guide for humanity" — a major new report on saving the world from climate change. if the catastrophic effects of global warming are to be slowed down, the un says there will need to be radical reductions in the use of fossil fuels. concentrations of carbon dioxide are at their highest in at least 2 million years. the climate time bomb is ticking. we'll have details of the major new report, and we'll be looking at the uk's performance in the quest for zero emissions. also tonight... president xi arrives in moscow, but how will president putin respond to china's peace plan for ukraine?

20 years ago tonight, baghdad was under attack, as the american—led invasion got under way. we'll be looking at the tragic legacy. iraq sank into a nightmare. no—one knows exactly how many iraqis were killed, it's in the hundreds of thousands. and workers have agreed a deal with network rail, but pay disputes with the train companies are still not resolved. and coming up on the bbc news channel... fulham's aleksandar mitrovic is charged with violent and improper conduct following his red card in the fa cup quarterfinal defeat at manchester united. good evening. the catastrophic impact of climate change and fears for the future of the planet have been laid out in a major new report which the united nations has

described as "a survival guide for humanity". climate experts say there is a "closing window of opportunity" to build a sustainable future, but they say that will involve rapid cuts to the use of fossil fuels, and maximising the use of clean energy and technology. the report warns that by the 20305, the world is likely to miss the key target — to limit the rise in global warming to 1.5 degrees above pre—industrial levels. but the experts stress that all is not lost and that radical cuts to carbon emissions could still make a difference. and they call for a big increase in clean energy, with new technology to remove carbon from the atmosphere. the british government says countries must "work towards far more ambitious climate commitments" ahead of the un climate summit later this year, as our climate editor, justin rowlatt, reports.

as many as 43,000 people are estimated to have died in a drought in somalia, a new report said today. in malawi last week, dogs were used to sniff out bodies. more than 250 people were killed when one of the strongest cyclones ever recorded ripped through the country. weather extremes like these are likely to intensify as the world continues to warm, un scientists warned today. their report was published at a conference in the swiss town of interla ken. the document released here today draws together eight years of work and it will be crucial — the basis for future global negotiations on climate for probably the next decade. and the key message, says the un chief, is that all is not quite yet lost. this report is a clarion call to massively fasttrack climate efforts by every country and every sector and on every timeframe.

in short, our world needs climate action on all fronts — everything, everywhere, all at once. the glaciers in the mountains above where the scientists are meeting lost 6% of their volume last year alone — evidence of the impact climate change is already having. at this weather station in the alps, they've been collecting climate records for decades. today we got the strongest warning yet that, in the next few years, we are likely to bust through the 1.5 degree boundary that avoids the worst impacts of global warming. the future really is in our hands. we will, in all probability, reach around 1.5 degrees early next decade but, after that, it really is our choices. this is why the rest of this decade is key. today's report warns

the decisions we make now will determine our climate future for thousands of years to come. just look how rising temperatures and humidity will threaten the lives of increasing numbers of people. the darker the colour, the more days of extreme heat people face. and animals will be badly hit too. here, the darker colour shows more species are at risk and the more likely we are to lose them altogether. there is some good news, though. the cost of key low—carbon technologies — electric vehicles and solar and wind power — has already fallen very rapidly. that will help because only a massive effort to cut greenhouse gas emissions can slow the global temperature rise, the scientists say. it is those with political power and with decision power in the big companies of this world, who need to stop subsidising fossil fuels, stop everything to burn fossil fuels as fast as possible.

the high alps show how climate change is already reshaping our world. there is still a window to keep it within manageable limits, today's report says, but it warns that, without dramatic global action, that window will soon slam shut. today the un climate chief urged developed countries to bring forward their plans to cut emissions to net zero by a decade, to 20110, emerging economies should raise their game as well, bringing forward their plans to 2050. never has the world been better equipped to tackle the problem, he said. now we need to move to warp speed on climate action. justin, many thanks, justin rowlatt, our climate editor. rishi sunak has called for countries to "work towards far more ambitious climate commitments",

ahead of the un climate summit cop28 in november, insisting that "the uk is a world leader in working towards net zero", but there's a need to go further and faster. the government's target is to reduce all greenhouse gas emissions to zero by 2035. how realistic is that? 0ur science editor, rebecca morelle, explains. it is the great challenge — changing the way we power every part of the uk. a secure supply of electricity that is cheaper and green. so what do we use now and how will that change? this is how the uk generated its electricity in 2022. fossilfuels, mainly gas, made up nearly 44%. nuclear accounted for about 15%. wind and solar power made nearly 29%. while for hydropower and bio energy, it was about 13%. so if you add up all of these low—carbon sources, they generated

56.2% of the uk's electricity. the government says by 2030 they want that to be 95%, and by 2035 all of it. the plan is for more wind and solar, and nuclear too, with some hydrogen in the mix. so what are the challenges? the demand for electricity will increase, a lot. the future is electric. but one problem with wind and solar is they don't produce power all of the time. injuly and august we went long periods of time, weeks at a time, where it wasn't just not windy here in britain, it wasn't windy across northern europe. you need to have something to do when, you know, when it's not windy. and if, in november, obviously you haven't really got any solar. nuclear, hydrogen and better batteries could plug these gaps but there are other challenges too, like planning. that's typically where you get gummed up, that's where the big delays have come from in the past. otherwise we're going to miss those

targets, and we'll miss out on the opportunity, i suppose, of cleaner electricity and cheaper electricity that comes with that too. so what does this mean for consumers? this is how the production costs have changed for different kinds of fuel. for nuclear, between 2009 and 2021, the price has increased by 36%. but over the same period the cost of wind has fallen a lot — by 72%. and the cost of solar has dropped even more — by a huge 90%. so if renewables are getting cheaper, why are our bills are still going up? the price will be set based on the cost of the most. expensive power plant, - and at the moment, currently, that is the gas plants, - and that is why even if you are on a renewable contract that price will go up. . but a new energy mix means new infrastructure and that comes at a price. it is going to be expensive. we should pay it but we should tell the truth.

we're doing this because it is important. and when you see your bill march upwards, as it will for the next ten, 15 years or more, it is because we are carrying out this huge investment challenge in an incredibly concentrated period of time. the uk's energy targets are tough, but scientists say this is more critical than ever. rebecca morelle, bbc news, cardiff. there's much more online, including how the extreme weather is connected to climate change. just head to our website, bbc.co.uk/news or use the bbc news app. president xi of china is on a state visit to russia, where he was warmly greeted by president putin. the summit has been the focus of a good deal of speculation, following the publication of china's plan to "settle the acute crisis in ukraine".

mr putin said today that moscow was "always open" to negotiation, but the americans have already warned that the chinese peace plan could be a just a delaying tactic. from moscow, our russia editor, steve rosenberg, reports. just three days ago vladimir putin was named as a war crimes suspect by the international criminal court. but that didn't stop china's president flying in and shaking his hand. putin and xi have met many times before, but never before has russia's president been under such pressure. his war in ukraine not going at all according to plan. xijinping called vladimir putin his "dear friend", his "strategic partner". the kremlin leader said they would discuss china's peace initiative. but there is no detailed chinese plan to end the war in ukraine.

what moscow would like from beijing is lethal aid to help it win. beijing's been reluctant to provide that to prevent secondary sanctions against chinese companies, but it has been supplying dual—use technology, like semiconductor chips that the russian military can use. the kremlin also wants to expand trade with china. with russia under heavy international sanctions, economic ties with beijing are proving a lifeline. if you burn bridges with the west, as vladimir putin has, what do you do then? you look east. and that's exactly what the kremlin leader has done. recent events have accelerated russia's dependency on china. putin and xi may speak about mutually beneficial cooperation, but beijing looks increasingly like the senior partner. but moscow hasn'tjust partnered with beijing. last week, russia held joint naval

exercises with china and iran. there are signs the kremlin is looking to forge an anti—western alliance. translation: putin is building his own bloc. l he doesn't trust the west any more. he's looking for allies and trying to make russia part of a common fortress with china, as well as with india, latin america and africa. putin is building his own anti—western world. now, with xijinping here, russia can claim that it's not isolated, that moscow has powerful allies who view the world through a similar lens, that it doesn't need the west if it has friends in the east. but experience shows china always puts china first. steve rosenberg, bbc news, moscow. 0ur correspondent stephen

mcdonell is in beijing. what you make of the visit and what is president xi trying to achieve? publicly at least, his message to his own people and to the world really is that he has this peace plan for ukraine but of course behind closed doors when speaking to vladimir putin, the emphasis will be different. instead of saying pull the troops back in ukraine, he could just as easily beat saint keep the war going or go in even harder and beijing's will find a way to back you —— could be saying pull of the most bleak possibility is the chinese government sees this war is benefiting it because russia is doing its dirty work, taking on the west and eating up nato resources. as for baiting's claim of neutrality, you just have a look at the state—controlled media here which runs the kremlin line so there are those asking whether this vague peace plan from xijinping is really

just a smoke screen allowing russia to support, china to support russia in its invasion of ukraine. 0f in its invasion of ukraine. of course there are those who are hoping that xijinping is genuine when he says he is putting this peace plan on the table. stephen, many thanks. _ peace plan on the table. stephen, many thanks, stephen _ peace plan on the table. stephen, many thanks, stephen mcdonell l peace plan on the table. stephen, | many thanks, stephen mcdonell in beijing. rail workers have voted to accept a new offerfrom network rail on pay, jobs and conditions. it brings an end to the dispute which led to a series of strikes in recent months. the deal will see pay rises for signal workers and maintenance staff, but the agreement does not cover the rmt�*s dispute with the train operating companies, as our transport correspondent katy austin explains. after nine months of picket lines and empty platforms, a breakthrough. the deal accepted by signal workers and maintenance staff in the rmt union includes a headline payrise of 5% for last year and 4% for this year.

the rmt says some of the lowest paid workers will actually see their salaries rise by much more than that. and this year's pay rise will be backdated, meaning a bigger lump sum upfront. there are other benefits too, like discounted travel. the rmt leader, though, was not celebrating today. it is way below inflation and it's not as far as we would have wanted it to go. it's not as far as we hoped at the beginning of the dispute. but we have taken a lot of action. our members have shown their commitment to the cause. we have taken some of the worst aspects of the company's proposals off the table. but we're not saying it is a great pay offer. we think it's very modest — that is the best that can be said of it. does that mean these strikes have failed then, if it's not the offer you wanted? no, they haven't failed. at the start of the dispute they offered 2%. for passengers, hope that the end of walk—outs could be approaching. i do a lot of train travel so, very good, yeah. we were not able to travel - with the train, we had to travel on the motorway so it was very difficult for us. _ if they are happy with the deal

then that's brilliant. strikes by rmt members who work for train operating companies — guards, for example — are still due to go ahead, on the 30th of march and the 1st of april. their dispute carries on. the industry and government have repeated their calls for those workers to get a vote too. they haven't had the chance to consider this pay offer and i hope their union gives them the chance to consider it and decide whether, like their network rail workers, whether they want to settle this dispute as well. the union says that will only happen if the train companies come up with a better offer but a pathway has clearly been set. the union is due to meet the train companies group tomorrow. the question is whether a resolution in that dispute is also coming down the track, and how quickly. katy austin, bbc news. a report into the culture and performance of the metropolitan police, commissioned after the murder of sarah everard by a serving officer,

will be published tomorrow. it's expected to be heavily critical of the force for its failure to tackle a culture that's been described as racist, sexist and homophobic. our special correspondent lucy manning is at scotland yard tonight. your thoughts on what is likely to come up your thoughts on what is likely to come up tomorrow? your thoughts on what is likely to come up tomorrow? weill. your thoughts on what is likely to come u- tomorrow? ~ ., , , your thoughts on what is likely to come u- tomorrow? ~ ., , , come up tomorrow? well, casey review has already landed _ come up tomorrow? well, casey review has already landed on _ come up tomorrow? well, casey review has already landed on the _ come up tomorrow? well, casey review has already landed on the desk - come up tomorrow? well, casey review has already landed on the desk of - has already landed on the desk of the metropolitan police commissioner. but tomorrow it will rock the met, it is expected to be hard—hitting, distressing and ha rd—hitting, distressing and disturbing. hard—hitting, distressing and disturbing. we understand it will say that the metropolitan police is institutionally racist, institutionally racist, institutionally misogynistic and institutionally misogynistic and institutionally homophobic. that is significant because it is extremely damaging, but also it is nearly a quarter of a century since the macpherson report into the racist murder of stephen lawrence, that

found the met was institutionally racist. so, not much has changed. it will be interesting tomorrow to hear the response of the commissioner, to see how much of this report he does accept. his deputy has already tweeted to say that the emotions will be raw tomorrow, but they hope this can help reset relations with the communities that they serve. what is theirs for the met is a last chance, a last chance to get change and reform right, because if it doesn't, well, it could be that the met faces are being broken up on the change will be even greater for it. many thanks again, lucy manning, looking ahead to tomorrow's report. 20 years ago tonight, american troops, backed by the british and other allies, invaded iraq. the decision was hugely controversial, with the us and the uk insisting that iraq had weapons of mass destruction, a claim that turned out not to be true,

and declaring that the iraqi leader saddam hussein posed a threat to international peace. the invasion took place. just six weeks after the invasion, in may 2003, president bush declared mission accomplished, with an end to major combat operations. what followed, however, was a long period of chaos and violence, as the iraqi insurgency gathered force, becoming a full—blown sectarian war. us and british troops spent another eight years in iraq. there were 179 losses among british service personnel. losses on the iraqi side, both military and civilian, are estimated to be in the hundreds of thousands. when they left, the islamic state group, a militant islamist movement, took full advantage of the political turmoil and lack of stability in the country. 0ur international editor

jeremy bowen looks at the lasting impact of the iraq war, two decades on. the invasion was a catastrophe for iraqis. the scars it left are still raw in iraq and across the middle east. the lights are on again, though they need private generators to keep them going. this country feels safer this year, though iraqis live with the dangers directly linked to the invasion exactly 20 years ago. explosions. the americans called it shock and awe. it was going to make the middle east safe and democratic. but there was no proper plan to govern after saddam hussein. removing him left a security vacuum

in the heart of the middle east. iraqis died. the jihadists thrived. at a mass grave in sinjar, near the syrian border, it was clear how the past still blights the present. on august the 3rd 2014, jihadists of islamic state killed dozens of men here from iraq's yazidi minority. they took the women as slaves. identity cards in clothes, left to rot. bones — dna tests might give them a properfuneral. suad, who was 16 on that day, was taken to syria and sold many times until she was rescued in 2019. translation: islamic state did not spare anyone. - they took us all for themselves.

we were all raped. they were killing people before our eyes. when it happened, the occupation was over. iraqis were killing iraqis. but it was the security vacuum after the invasion that gave the murderous jihadist ideologies room to grow. no—one protected us. that was the reason. that was the reason that thousands were kidnapped, and thousands were killed. and hundreds of thousands were displaced. this is part of the terrible legacy left by chaos and violence after the invasion. iraq sunk into a nightmare. no—one knows exactly how many iraqis were killed. it's in the hundreds of thousands. in camps are thousands of islamic state veterans and their families. many from mosul, a couple of hours away. its old town is still in ruins, from the battle against thejihadists of is.

anwar is 35 — alone, with four children who don't go to school and can't read. they rely on food aid. translation: even if the american president came here, _ i would say saddam hussein was better, because he gave us security. after the american invasion, and later during islamic state, i lost everything that i had, and now i have no one left. anwar denies allegations that her dead father, husband and brother were all killed fighting for the jihadists. if they stay poor, the next generation might also end up in armed groups. this man said hejoined islamic state when he was 1a, ten years ago, to provide for his family. he asked us to conceal his identity. why should we care what happens to you and your predicament here in the camp?

because you decided, even though you were young, to join a terrorist organisation. translation: i was a kid. i didn't know what i was getting involved with. but i found out later. if i had isis ideology, i wouldn't even smile at you. no matter who rules over iraq, we just want to survive. islamic state is still active in sleeper cells, elite units were deployed by the prime minister in diyala, just north—east of baghdad, after is mounted attacks. the security forces�* biggest headache around here is this valley. before 2003, baghdadis came here for picnics. since the americans lost control of it, it's been largely ruled by tribes who run local organised crime and also shelter islamic state as they both try to outmanoeuvre

the security forces. if you hadn't had the invasion of 2003, what kind of country might you have now? translation: only god knows that. but generally, the regime became democratic, which is better. but the security situation was managed very badly. the rival tribes had a pitched battle here. the reason why successive governments have failed to grip the country goes back to the weak foundations the us occupation left behind. the political system the americans eventually introduced a couple of years after the invasion split government revenues and power between the main ethnic and sectarian groups. now, that first of all encouraged prodigious corruption. and, ever since then,

the elites have been arguing about their own slices of the cake. what it has not done is encouraged strong government, which is why two tribes were able to use this area as their own personalwarzone, only about 50 miles from baghdad. at the department of mass graves, dna tests on unearthed human remains have identified 2,000 people killed since the invasion. their incomplete database of missing persons presumed dead since then has 250,000 names. so much loss, no wonder this country is still haunted by a war that america and britain would prefer to forget. jeremy bowen, bbc news, iraq. the tragic legacy of the war in iraq, 20 years on. a special report

by my colleaguejeremy bowen. in northern ireland, hopes of a return to power—sharing at stormont have been dealt a blow following a decision by the democratic unionist party to vote against a key part of the new deal on trading arrangements following brexit. the windsor framework is meant to reduce the number of checks on goods entering northern ireland from great britain. it's backed by a majority of politicians at stormont but the dup say the new deal doesn't deal with all of their concerns. 0ur ireland correspondent emma vardy reports. that is the prize that is on offer. hailed as a success by the prime minister, the windsor framework promises to make it easier to get goods from britain to northern ireland. barriers to trade over the irish sea deeply anger unionists. but the dup are still unwilling to give the new deal its support. we haven't come this far to falter in the final lap, as it were. we want to ensure that we get

the progress that is needed to protect northern ireland's place within the united kingdom. the deal allows politicians in northern ireland to use what's called the stormont brake, to object to new laws applying if they believe it would put businesses at a disadvantage. and the uk government is urging the dup to back it. we've had serious problems on the irish sea for several years, impeding trade and commerce between great britain and northern ireland. the prime minister has secured a a framework which represents a big step forward and progress. but the dup wants more guarantees in law that if that if that brake is used, it will have real power. dup mps will vote against the new deal here on wednesday, because they want more legal reassurances that northern ireland won't become more aligned with the eu over time, and potentially more restricted within the uk market. the party says there is still room

for the uk government to legislate, to give them the more solid guarantees there looking for. the party walked out of power—sharing in northern ireland over its opposition to the brexit arrangements, and the windsor framework it's hoped, would be a way for them to return. the dup isn't rejecting it completely, but is saying it's still a no for now. emma vardy, bbc news. today is march 20th. some of you will know it's the international day of happiness, others no doubt will say it's the first day of spring, marked by the spring equinox, and a good time to be enjoying some welcome signs of the new season, with flowers like these at glendurgan gardens, near falmouth in cornwall. and more signs of spring, with this cherry blossom at the royal horticultural society garden at wisley in surrey.

the national trust says that the recent cold weather has