this is bbc news. the headlines: pope francis has been taken to hospital in rome where he's being treated for a respiratory infection. the vatican has said the pontiff, who's 86, had been struggling with breathing difficulties and would spend a few days receiving treatment, but he had not contracted covid. the united nations general assembly has adopted a resolution asking the world's highest court to define countries�* obligations to combat climate change. delegates said they hope the vote, which is not legally binding, will drive countries to take stronger measures and clarify international law. prosecutors in mexico say they have identified eight suspects in connection with the deadly fire at a detention centre close to the us border. the decision came after footage

emerged that appeared to show detention centre officials doing nothing to evacuate migrants during the fire. now on bbc news — click. this week, get ready for blastoff — we are filming a hotfire rocket test in superslow—mo, and it will blow you away. woo! laughter that went right through me! how do you choose your perfect shade? we've got an app to help you build your foundations. and shona goes for a walk on the wild side, but you don't know what's around

the next corner. we've discovered something like 20,000 new paths in the short time we have been running the project already. have you ever wondered what happens when a satellite goes wrong? how would you know what was up? how would you find out if it had been sabotaged? that's what i have come to texas to find out. 30 seconds... we are at this 200 acre site to film a hot fire test of a rocket engine. when it first starts up, it's going to be relatively gamey, you're going to see some shock waves. oh wow. and we are going to do it in a way that even the rocket makers themselves have not done before. four, three, two, one...

in 2022, firefly aerospace became one ofjust a few us companies that have successfully put things into orbit. look at that view! the company has also won contracts from nasa to build a lunar lander that will deliver payloads to the moon in 2024 and 2026, and put a satellite into lunar orbit. but it's the bit between launching from the earth and landing on the moon that has piqued my interest. we also want to build an orbiting spacecraft that has the ability to be on call for our customers. you can literally go to a web browser and say i have an asset in space and it is in distress, i'd like a camera shot of it, or it needs to de—orbit. firefly, can you do that? well, we can. ultimately that will be a constellation of 30, 40, 50 of those spacecraft that

are dispersed in the different regions of space and are on—call, available for customers say "to go over there. i have trouble." i need a pizza on the iss! we haven't really thought about the oven system of how we might keep the pizza warm... but we can do that! well i've seen the oven, it's strapped to the back. it's a little bigger. this is a pretty big deal. everything that is in orbit is going really really fast to make sure that as it falls towards the earth it continually misses it. changing course is not just a case of stopping and going in a different direction, because it will fall straight back to earth. no, this kind of manoeuvre needs maths and fuel, and lots of both. the early iterations that will have a finite set of fuel, but the next generations will be refuellable, or have solar power, so they will be able to be recharged. what is interesting is one of the reasons quoted for why you might need to go and check

out another satellite is national security. in the example that bill gives me, imagine what would happen if a critical satellite mysteriously stopped responding to ground control. every satellite that deploys does not have a 360 camera or radar system, just for weight and space concerns. so sometimes they are blind objects up there that are just communicating their piece of data, so the ability to go to that region and say �*check that out for me' is critical for national security. is there something attached to it? was it moved out of orbit? this constellation of rapid response satellite is planned to be in orbit by 2025, and before that, firefly is developing a rapid response rocket for the us space force that can be on standby and ready to take a payload and get it into orbit with just one or two days notice. it takes four firefly designed reaver engines to get that rocket off the ground, and it is the test of one

of those that we are here to film today. is this your baby or one of your babies? this is one of my babies. 0k. sporting her lucky launch shoes, bridget 0akes will be studying the rocket test in great detail. from an engine perspective we want to make sure that our engine start up healthy, steady state that is healthy, and we are getting the thrust and power levels that we need, and a lot of that we can test on the ground because those are the things that we want to make sure are healthy in orbit. what is the height of it? is it pretty muchjust the horizontal frame? it does not go too high? now we brought it on a friend to film the test. remember gav? he is one half of the slo—mo guys who helped me get egg all over my face a couple of weeks ago, and he is going to be capturing the action at 2000 frames per second.

that's 80 times slower than real life. the only thing is, he, like the rest of us, has to be hundreds of metres away when the rocket ignites. so i'm going to leave him to set the remote triggers and work out how his camera's not going to be incinerated, and we will come back later in the programme to see a rocket ignite like you have never seen before. nasa has been putting rockets into space since the 50s and increasingly it has been working with companies like firefly to deliver its stuff. mo has been finding out about its future plans with nasa's doctor kristinjohnson. and lift off of artemis i. the artemis moon mission signalled nasa's continued commitment to space exploration. what recent technological advances do you think make sustainable settlement on mars a realistic proposition?

oh my goodness. we have had improvements in communication, a demonstration of the laser communications relay from the international space station, so laser communication is going to make the pipeline, you can get sent a whole lot more data. there's also been quite a bit of investment in al and virtual reality. people think gaming technology isjust for gaming but no, so imagine if we are going to have people living on mars, you are going to have to have a way to really to be able to assess what is happening inside the body without carrying an mri with you there. if you can imagine having sensors on your body or you can pull the heart out virtually and spin it around and see what is happening, that is going to be incredible. how important is the collaboration between nasa and private companies in achieving a sustained presence on mars? this is absolutely critical. there is no way that nasa can do this alone and there is no way that all the agencies, the international agencies that nasa partners with, there is no way that they could

do it alone. you think about spacex and the united states. spacex has gotten where it is in collaboration and partnership with nasa. nasa has invested quite a bit of money in spacex to help get where they are, and we are going to continue working with private industry companies like spacex and some of the new space companies that are coming out. does space have a role in helping us solve terrestrial issues? absolutely. the james webb space telescope. in order for those mirrors to give you the beautiful images we have today, we have had to very precisely measure the curvature of those mirrors, so we came up with algorithms and technology to be able to do that, and we did transferred that to the opthomologist community so that they can scan the surface of your eye very very precisely and quickly, so that they could determine a stigmatism, farsightedness, nearsightedness on the international space station. we have a system that has

to capture the waste water there, the water from your respiration, from your sweat and from your urine, and be able to take that and transfer it into drinking water, and apparently good tasting drinking water. they can actually take very contaminated water out of a field that is filled with bacteria and be able to process that water to get 99% of the bacteria and everything out of that so you can have pure drinking water in remote locations. when you have really impossible dreams, and impossible goals, if you reach for those goals and you create things that don't exist to achieve those goals, you inadvertently create incredible revolutionary changes for improving the quality of live right here on earth. time for a look at this week's tech news. tiktok boss shou zi chew testified before us congress to fight for the future of

the social media app. this after president biden called for its sale to reduce potential influence by the chinese government. over half a dozen countries have full potential bands of its use on government devices due to privacy and security fears. google has started rolling out its ai chatbot bard. the bbc was one of the first to try it out. let's start by asking bard to write a thank you note for a wedding gift. not bad. unlike chatgpt, it can access up—to—date information from the internet, but google warned that bard could have limitations and might share misinformation. amazon will cut another 9000 jobs as it seeks to save costs. with one and a half million people employed worldwide, cuts will fall in areas including cloud computing and advertising. the firm had already said injanuary it was due to axe 18,000 jobs. microsoft has announced plans to launch its xbox mobile gaming online store next year.

with an offering including call of duty and candy crush saga, it hopes to take on apple and google. one of the hottest trends in the cosmetics world is personalised beauty. brands are creating digital tools that recommend shoppers products like foundation or eyeshadow specifically for their unique skin type. there are plenty of personalisation services out there, but what about a device designed to detect the skin's undertone? skin undertone in cosmetics is basically what we call hue in science. it's not about is your skin light or dark, nothing to do with lightness, it's to do

with the colour that runs underneath your skin. so you can be very light and be pink, or you could be very light and be yellow and it's very important to know that so you can actually get beauty products that work for you. there are different ways to measure skin undertone, but the skin colour chart here which powers the tool makes the method unique. having an olive complexion i really struggle to find make up that will match, and being a biochemist, i decided to look into it and i discovered that beauty magazines were recommending, look at your veins and that will help determine your undertones. we realised there was no way that actually skin was being classified accurately, so we thought we need to start right at the beginning, we started by reclassifying the entire human skin gamut and came up with this index and that gave us the base to say now we understand the classification of human skin, we can digitalise the system.

shall we give it a go? shall i give it a try? let's give it a go. that's me taking my selfie, and can you tell me what does this information here say? it has identified five different types of undertone which is very different to what the beauty industry has at the moment. basically it is saying that you have quite a large percentage of yellow and green in your skin which is the determining factor in our skins. the web—based tool is powered by a! which required a colour scientist from the university of leeds to analyse thousands of images of skin. some photos were captured in a very precise colour measurement camera booth, called digieye, while others were snapped on phones, laptops or regular cameras, but it was streamlining the quality of these images that proved challenging.

when we use a smart phone to picture someone, it gets red, green and blue rgb values on every pixel. actually converting camera rgb values into something scientifically meaningful is very difficult. we used some relatively simple machine learning algorithms, but to do that we need to have lots of examples of images of people, and then their true skin colour, which we measure in the laboratory, and based on those two sets of data we can learn relationships between the two. what were your key findings in the process of creating the index? the main way in which people's skin colour varies is in terms of hue and lightness, but we actually analysed quite a lot of people who had very, very dark skin in our process. we didn't find anybody with a blue undertone, if you like, so we tend to think that is probably a myth. the web—based tool and the index provide a framework for detecting up to 10,000

different skin undertones. if you can basically specify every single person's skin colour uniquely, using their app and this index, then you actually have the potential in the future to match, for example, cosmetics foundation to an individual�*s skin colour. and in an industry where there is a lot of wastage, partly because people are buying the wrong products, further personalisation could be a good idea. we are hoping other people can come in, build on that knowledge to allow the beauty industry and other industries to really thrive, so that we can actually not just talk about inclusivity in skin tone, but we can also make sure that consumers are being catered for properly.

scotland — there's no better place to enjoy nature. going for a walk and getting outdoors is so good for you, not just to stretch the legs, but also, for your mental health as well. but sometimes the route you want to go on just isn't on the map. well, it's hoped that's going to change and that's where these guys come in. this group are from ramblers scotland, a charity who are passionate about walking. scotland has really good access rights, so you can walk more or less wherever you wish, as long as you are responsible about it, but it lacks a complete map of its path network. so the charity has been creating a digital map of its own. it brings together all known existing paths using data

from ordinance survey and information from 0penstreetmap and local authorities. one of the surprising things about scotland as it is actually harder to find places to walk than you might imagine. we've got all this amazing green space around us, but actually, if you pick a paper map, you might really struggle to find a path you want to walk. so one of the things we are trying to do with the scottish paths map is actually to make those places easier to find for everybody, wherever they live. how many paths do you think are out there for people to discover that aren't on the map? so, we've discovered something like 20,000 new paths in the short time we've been running the project already. i think that probably we could easily double the number of paths that people have to walk in scotland when they look at this map, compared to many traditional maps. we've hoovered up all the open—source data, all the data we can get from partners, but now we are working with 300—plus fabulous volunteers to discover more paths, but also, to record information about all the paths that we discover.

the only way it was ever going to work is if we have the support of people who love the outdoors, who love walking, who love maps, who love technology. the tech is powered by ezrauk. the geographical software uses powerful mapping and spatial analytics technology. it allows the team to create and manage the location information, and it is all done on your phone. digital mapping is really the way forward, isn't it? yeah, it means that we can make changes super quick and make it easily accessible to everyone, but also it is interactive and we can change things on the fly, we can highlight things, we can take things out, we can add things in, so it is much more responsive and adaptable compared to when you are updating stuff like paper maps. can you show me how it all works? yeah, of course. you go to the map where you are, you find the path you want to audit, and you tap on the path and tap on open survey, and it takes you through to the questionnaire.

and then we tell volunteers they can fill in as much or as little as possible, a lot of the questions are not mandatory so if volunteers aren't sure about something, they can skip it, because we don't want to put them off, like, "i don't know the answer to that question "so i won't do at all." volunteers have so far added over 9,000 new paths to the interactive map from as far north as the shetland islands to the borders region in the south. i think the project is really important for our paths in scotland, it is a chance to support and to maintain that right to roam. but it also makes these paths more accessible to a wider variety of people, it means everyone can get out there. and we are on a nice path here in perthshire. is this a path you have been on before? it's not, and it is not one that is on the map yet. so today we are ticking another one off the list as we go. it's notjust the coordinates, but the data about the routes and information that walkers might find useful that is recorded, like how steep the hills are,

is it muddy, is it stony, and even if there's angry landowners nearby. ramblers map shows the status of parts in different colours and volunteers use it to check what needs surveying. purple shows new paths yet to be audited, like the one we're standing on, and the green shows a completed path. just looking at the map, you can see the majority of the 40,000 miles of paths still need to be audited. but if more volunteers come out and enjoy not just the walks, but the technology too, the team will only get closer to achieving their aim. now, earlier in the programme, we'd met back up with gav from the slo mo guys to film a rocket engine test at 80 times slow motion — that's 2,000 frames per second. and here's how we got on. we're in a nice, flat part of texas. seems a sensible place to do a rocket test, doesn't it? and as you walk along,

you start to get hints that, yeah, there is something going on here. lots of compressed nitrogen in canisters. then you get to this shed. there is a massive canister of something there. some more serious and complicated looking pipes, some dials. you start to get the impression, yeah, the engine must be quite close by now, and then — oh, actually, this is actually the engine that we have been walking past. they have attached it to a building so at least it's not going to go anywhere. and what is interesting is how we have to film this test. we have to put our cameras inside these protective boxes for obvious reasons. and then a whole hour before they run the test, we need to clear out of here, which means we have to run a really long remote—control wire for our cameras all the way around to that remote viewing area there. we did bring the really long wire, didn't we? the camera is locked down and the remote control line is set. and with duckner left in charge

of the heat absorption lake and us having retreated to a safe distance... 0perator, please start the hot fire router. ..it�*s time. in three, two, one... engine roars you can feel the rumbling! whoo! laughs that went right through me. wow! that was so loud and so bright, my eyes couldn't — that's like looking at the sun. wow! and finally, it's time to see whether we caught the shot that everyone wants to see.

what were the risks? yeah. the power could have come out, the trigger could have been wrong, the camera could have melted, an asteroid could have just come straight down. 0k, well...i think that didn't happen. all right. so we seem to have... 0h! 0k. immediately! that's footage. oh, wow. it's just igniting the air. look at the shock waves on the flame. oh, my gosh. so this is kind of pulsing. that is incredible. that is. . .so cool. so that smoke is coming out at quite a speed. look how dark i made this image, and it's still very bright. but we are seeing detail,

we're seeing information right around the end of the booster there. and that is it for this week. i will leave you with the beauty shots. oh, and if you are worried about duckner, well, he was found 500 feet away and returned to his natural habitat...uncooked. hello there. there's still some more rain to come through the rest of this week. at least it has turned milder. on wednesday, temperatures reached 16 degrees in northern ireland, and in southwest france, 30 degrees on wednesday. this early spring warmth

is going to come to an end as we change the month, we change the weather. temperatures will drop, but it should be turning drier. the overnight heavy rain across england and wales, the last of it clearing away from northern england early in the morning. and then we're going to find sunny spells, but showers will develop quite widely, some of them heavy with some hail and thunder, particularly central and eastern parts of england. still got a southwesterly breeze, it's still mild, may well be a little bit warmer than it was on wednesday in scotland, and before those heavy showers arrive, 17 degrees is possible in eastern england. those heavy showers do fade away quickly in the evening but only because it's going to get wet and windy here from the southwest. we've got this area of low pressure, quite a deep one. that's going to track across southern parts of the uk, strengthening the winds overnight, bringing some heavy rain to england and wales as well. the winds could be gusting, 50, 60mph or more in the south coast of england, perhaps into south wales. the winds do gradually ease down on friday. the rain continues across these southern areas. could see some rain coming back towards northern ireland, the rest of the uk seeing a few

showers, but probably a lot of cloud coming in on that easterly breeze from off the north sea. temperatures are going to be lower. top number this time — 14 degrees, and that's more likely in sheltered western parts of scotland. heading into the weekend, the start of april, and it continues to cool down a bit. but it should be turning drier as the weekend goes on with more sunshine. that area of low pressure will move away, we're going to be stuck with that weather front for a while. that gets cooled off by pressure rising during the second half of the weekend. first half of the weekend, though, sees a lot of cloud around, and we've still got some patchy rain across northern ireland, wales into southern england, maybe a few showers coming in from off the north sea on a chilly breeze. not going to feel very warm at all i think on saturday across eastern scotland and the northeast of england and typical temperatures are going to be i! or 12 celsius. second half of the weekend, there's not much rain left over, just this band of cloud and we should see some drier air coming in this time. that will hopefully mean more in the way of sunshine.

the winds will be a bit lighter as well, but still temperatures below average, typically 10 to 13 celsius.

this is bbc news. i'm lisa—marie misztak. our top stories: the vatican says pope francis is spending a few days in hospital in rome to be treated for a respiratory infection. the un adopts a resolution, asking the world's highest court to define the obligation of countries, to combat climate change. i celebrate today for the people of vanuatu who are still reeling from the devastation from two back—to—back cyclones. prosecutors in mexico say they're treating the deadly fire at a migrant centre as suspected homicide and identify eight suspects. king charles is in germany on his first state visit as monarch. he praises germans for their "extraordinary hospitality".