live from washington, this is bbc news. welcome to viewers on pbs in america. concerns over us—mexico border crossings, as the end of a controversial immigration policy is just hours away. translation: i say, mum, it's “ust too translation: i say, mum, it's just too much. _ translation: i say, mum, it's just too much. here, _ translation: i say, mum, it's just too much. here, you - translation: i say, mum, it's just too much. here, you can'tl just too much. here, you can't sleep, the code is way too intense. i said, sleep, the code is way too intense. isaid, lord, what do i do? and ukraine's president zelensky gives more details about the expected counter offensive in the country's war with russia. hello. i'm sumi somaskanda. welcome to our show. it is

officially the end of a controversial immigration policy in the us and officials are warning about a potential surge of migrants at the us mexico border. let's remind ourselves what the policy is, and how it might affect us immigration. the temporary law introduced by donald trump, known as title 42, meant illegal migrants could be removed quickly. it expires overnight tonight. the policy made it easier for the us to send people back to mexico, using the coronavirus pandemic as a justification. the winding down of covid measures means the policy no longer has any public health basis, prompting officials to announce it would end on may 11th, the same day as the official us public health emergency. and when it ends, in a few hours from now, the us will return to a policy where migrants are screened, to determine if they are eligible for asylum, and quickly deported if they do not qualify. in the past hour, a federal judge in florida has temporarily blocked the biden

administration from releasing migrants into the us without court dates. the judge migrants into the us without court dates. thejudge imposed a two—week restraining order on the policy, which would see migrants released on parole with conditions. that goes into effect at the same time that title 42 expires. sarah smith is injuarez, mexico, where she has been speaking to people in desperate conditions to cross the border. trying to escape from poverty and persecution, it will take a lot more than razor wire to repel migrants desperate to reach america. after long, arduous journeys, these people have almost made it. but what they have found is an arid wasteland on the mexican side of the border. in a scarce patch of shade, milexi struggles to care for herfour children. after a dangerous journey from venezuela, the family are now sleeping here in the dirt. translation: as a mum, it'sjust too much. - here you can't sleep. the cold is way too intense. i said, "lord, what do i do?" we are worried that they will close the border and tell us

everything is over. very occasionally, the gates open to allow a handful of people through, but not before they've thrown away what little they've brought with them. everything except their documents and their phones. even shoelaces have to go. translation: my girl is nine years old and is diabetic, - and this is why i decided to migrate. some days they have come here, asked us to line up, get ourselves organised, but that's it. today they opened the gate and families have been entering, and that's what's important. there is intense confusion here about what the changes to american immigration laws will mean for these migrants. is today the last chance to get in? or will it be easier tomorrow? rosario medina has been searching through rubbish bins to find food for her grandchildren. translation: we just

got here to the border. it's been really difficult. we've been travelling since october of last year and it's really, really hard. what will you do if the american authorities do not allow you in, do not grant you asylum? honestly, we don't know what we would do because going back to our country is not an option. i don't know what we will do if the us doesn't give usa hand. the situation here is getting worse and worse, and it's causing real hardship for these people. for decades, though, it has proved impossible to reach any kind of political agreement on meaningful immigration reform. and the worse this gets, the less likely it seems any kind of solution is in sight. prepare for title 42... those responsible for securing the border say they've never before seen so many people trying to cross. if you like they are under assault. if you like they are under assault-—

if you like they are under assault. ~ . , ., ., assault. what is the population of a sold-out _ assault. what is the population of a sold-out crowd _ assault. what is the population of a sold-out crowd for- assault. what is the population of a sold-out crowd for a - of a sold—out crowd for a bigfoot game? would you say about 60,000? so could you imagine 60,000 people in one location and all of a sudden an alert comes out that says, hey, there's a bomb in the building. what happens after that? chaos. comlete what happens after that? chaos. complete running _ what happens after that? chaos. complete running of _ what happens after that? chaos. complete running of everything i complete running of everything everywhere, and it is very hard to manage. that's exactly what it's like on the border. this problem — it's like on the border. this problem stretches - it's like on the border. this problem stretches right beyond texas, right along the 2000 mile us border. the governments were now —— the government will now insist migrants apply for asylum long before they reach, and will swiftly expel and exclude anyone who tries to get in without following their new procedures. in without following their new procedures-— in without following their new procedures. ever meant to be seen. procedures. ever meant to be seen- it's _ procedures. ever meant to be seen. it's going _ procedures. ever meant to be seen. it's going to _ procedures. ever meant to be seen. it's going to be - procedures. ever meant to be seen. it's going to be chaotic| seen. it's going to be chaotic for a while.— for a while. chaotic it certainly _ for a while. chaotic it certainly is, - for a while. chaotic it certainly is, with - for a while. chaotic it certainly is, with a i for a while. chaotic it. certainly is, with a surge for a while. chaotic it - certainly is, with a surge in illegal crossings. 0nce certainly is, with a surge in illegal crossings. once they have been detained, these migrants can ask for asylum but those who have now been refused will face much tougher penalties. sarah smith, bbc news, juarez.

0n the other side of the border, in mexico city, is our correspondent will grant. what are the migrants telling you about their hopes to cross into the us? are they aware of some of the policy changes coming? imean, it i mean, it isjust such a confusing situation for migrants at this stage. i think it was clearfrom migrants at this stage. i think it was clear from sarah's report, that concept of do you try and get there early, during title 42, or are your chances improved afterwards? it is a very, very hard question for people to answer when they are actually not armed with all the information, they simply don't know the answer, and i think many authorities really don't know the answer to that question either. what we do know is that they are going to be expected to apply as it were to come through the front door, before they reach the border, and if they don't, they will simply be turned away. the difficulty is one of the key elements, the supplying through an app called cbp one, is proving very difficult. many have tried over and over again and simply have not managed to

get online or meet the necessary requirements, and thatis necessary requirements, and that is ultimately going to push a lot of people to take the legal route, into the arms of people smuggling gangs and human smugglers. it is a very bleak picture still and the changes in the biden administration policy will have real—world effects on people coming into mexico are already making their way north. what making their way north. what have mexican _ making their way north. what have mexican officials - making their way north. what have mexican officials been . have mexican officials been saying about the effect this policy would have on mexico itself, with so many migrants being sent back? i itself, with so many migrants being sent back?— being sent back? i mean, president _ being sent back? i mean, president and _ being sent back? i mean, president and rose - being sent back? i mean, president and rose mill. being sent back? i mean, i president and rose mill mail service 0brador has been surprisingly upbeat about the relationship —— president andres manuel lopez 0brador has been upbeat about the relationship with the biden administration and he is not like that often, is often critical of washington, including on this issue of migration, but the ending of title 42, i think he sees this as an opportunity to work in

lockstep with the biden administration and potentially receive benefits from doing so further down the line, whether or not that is on the immigration —related issues, he is very keen for example see more us investment in central america or on other things, such as trade or the illegal flow of guns from the united states south. so for the time being i think, andres manuel lopez 0brador wants to work with the biden administration but it is going to put huge pressure on the scarce resources of the immigration services in this country. great to talk to _ services in this country. great to talk to you. _ just hours before the expiration of title 42, the us house of representatives passed a new border security bill. the republican—sponsored �*secure the border act of 2032�* is unlikely to clear the democratically—controlled senate — but it would mandate the hiring of more border patrol agents, and resume construction of a border wall — a centerpiece of donald trump's immigration policy. my colleague sumi somaskanda spoke with two lawmakers about the situation at the border, one democrat,

about the situation at the border, one democrat, one republican. in a moment we'll hear from republican congressman, aaron bean of florida. but first, here's pramila jayapahll, a democrat from washington state. congresswoman, thank you so much forjoining us here on bbc news. you visited the border backin news. you visited the border back in march to make your own assessment of the situation. are you against lifting title 42 to make?— are you against lifting title 42 to make? no, i think that title 42 has _ 42 to make? no, i think that title 42 has actually - 42 to make? no, i think that title 42 has actually been . title 42 has actually been extremely unhelpful over the last several years. it was never meant to be used as an immigration policy. it is a public health policy, and it has been used in very rare circumstances. it was not appropriately put into place and frankly it created even more chaos at the border, because instead of processing people threw in a legitimate way, it actually made it so that we just removed people but they would come back over the border again. they would come back over the borderagain. so they would come back over the border again. so most of the immigrants that were apprehended at the border were people who had tried to come in

multiple times. so i believe title 42 should be lifted, and we need to put in place orderly legal pathways of ways for people to continue to come into the country. people to continue to come into the country-— the country. are you ok with the country. are you ok with the chaos — the country. are you ok with the chaos we _ the country. are you ok with the chaos we are _ the country. are you ok with the chaos we are seeing - the country. are you ok with the chaos we are seeing the | the chaos we are seeing the ball right now? i the chaos we are seeing the ball right now?— the chaos we are seeing the ball right now? i think what is happening — ball right now? i think what is happening at _ ball right now? i think what is happening at the _ ball right now? i think what is happening at the border - ball right now? i think what is happening at the border is - ball right now? i think what is happening at the border is a l happening at the border is a symptom of the much larger problem of an immigration system that has been broken for 30 years and the republican party that has refused to fix it time and time again, so the chaos, what people call the chaos, what people call the chaos, is people who are seeking relief from terrible circumstances, persecution, war, economic devastation, and if we provide legal pathways for them, as the biden administration did several months ago, people use those legal pathways, family reunification and our course establishing refugee processing centres within countries in the western hemisphere. {iii centres within countries in the western hemisphere.- western hemisphere. of the department _ western hemisphere. of the department of _ western hemisphere. of the department of homeland - western hemisphere. of the - department of homeland security

secretary said the measures the biden administration will put in place will not work overnight, but down the road, they will be able to assess whether they have been successful. what would a successful. what would a success look like to you? what success look like to you? what success looks _ success look like to you? what success looks like _ success look like to you? what success looks like is _ success look like to you? what success looks like is you - success look like to you? what success looks like is you have l success looks like is you have fewer people coming to the border claiming asylum who don't qualify, and you have more people utilising the legal pathways, whether it is parole, in country refugee processing, whether it is family reunification programmes. that is the way we're going to ultimately address the along with investments in the sending countries so we give people options to stay in their own countries. it options to stay in their own countries-_ options to stay in their own countries. if we look as title 42 are set — countries. if we look as title 42 are set to _ countries. if we look as title 42 are set to be _ countries. if we look as title 42 are set to be lifted, - countries. if we look as title 42 are set to be lifted, is . countries. if we look as title | 42 are set to be lifted, is the us border secure?— 42 are set to be lifted, is the us border secure? look, the us border has _ us border secure? look, the us border has always _ us border secure? look, the us border has always been - us border secure? look, the us border has always been secure, | border has always been secure, to the extent that we can secure it. we know that walls don't work would stop donald trump try to put a wall that has been breached hundreds of

times. those are not the solutions. the solutions are an underlying system that works. democrats have invested in remote technology and sensors, in thrones, things that can really monitor technologically the border, as well as into points of entry to make sure that we are helping to provide resources at those points of entry. those are the things that make the border secure along with a functioning immigration system. it along with a functioning immigration system. it does seem like — immigration system. it does seem like republicans - immigration system. it does seem like republicans and l seem like republicans and democrats are very far away from each other on this question of how to reform immigration. do you think there is any common ground? i immigration. do you think there is any common ground?- immigration. do you think there is any common ground? i do. we assed is any common ground? i do. we passed some _ is any common ground? i do. we passed some bipartisan - is any common ground? i do. we passed some bipartisan bills - is any common ground? i do. we passed some bipartisan bills in l passed some bipartisan bills in the last congress with republican support, the dream and promise act, some other fixes to our legal immigration system for people to be able to come over here and work. those are good solutions we it past them even under this congress, but the reality is this isn't

about policy. we know how to fix this. ten years ago we had a comprehensive bill passed the senate with 68 bipartisan votes but the republicans in charge refused to bring it up for a vote because they knew it would pass. they want to keep the immigration system broken. they are not looking for real solutions. forthose solutions. for those republicans who solutions. forthose republicans who are looking for real solutions and want to uphold our american values, we stand ready to work with them. i would like to ask you about the debt ceiling negotiations. think there are concessions democrats could make to ensure that a deal is reached? let democrats could make to ensure that a deal is reached?— that a deal is reached? let me be clear. _ that a deal is reached? let me be clear, the _ that a deal is reached? let me be clear, the debt _ that a deal is reached? let me be clear, the debt ceiling - that a deal is reached? let me be clear, the debt ceiling has i be clear, the debt ceiling has been raised in a bipartisan way every year dozens of times. democrats raised it under donald trump, republicans raised it under donald trump and up to somehow say we are going to take the american economy and indeed the world economy and indeed the world economy hostage if we don't get 22% cuts to all of the social safety net programmes that they

have been able to get through it is absolutely ludicrous. so let's raise the debt ceiling and then go into the regular negotiation that we have. i think there are three parts, the president, republicans in congress and democrats in congress and democrats in the congress and democrats in the the house congress and democrats in the house certainly that i would need to raise the debt ceiling and then entered into the negotiation but let's pay our bills first, let's keep the chaos out of our economy, not make people lose jobs and then we can have the discussion about what spending should look like. �* , like. and if there is no agreement, _ like. and if there is no agreement, should i like. and if there is no i agreement, should president biden go around congress and pay those bills? i do biden go around congress and pay those bills?— pay those bills? i do believe so. it is pay those bills? i do believe so- it is a — pay those bills? i do believe so. it is a constitutional- so. it is a constitutional obligation, he has raised the 14th amendment. i have spoken to many legal scholars about it and i do think that is a very viable option, to take this off the table and not allow for this hostagetaking, this uncertainty, just allow us to do ourjobs and allow us to deliverfor do ourjobs and allow us to deliver for the do ourjobs and allow us to deliverfor the american people. deliver for the american --eole. ., ~ deliver for the american people-— deliver for the american --eole. ., ~ . deliver for the american --eole. . . ., people. thank you so much for “oininr people. thank you so much for joining us- _ congresswoman jaya pal there. now we turn to the republican

viewpoint, and for that i spoke with congressman aaron bean of florida. that discussion happened before the house vote we mentioned earlier. the president says there will be chaos, a chaotic situation. what did you witness at the border? i saw chaos. it will be ultra chaos want title 42 ends but it is already in chaos. resident biden already admitted that, that it has been chaos even before title two ends —— 42 ends but i can't imagine and thatis 42 ends but i can't imagine and that is why we need to act immediately. i will be voting on the most massive water security bill ever before congress. security bill ever before congress-— security bill ever before concress. �* . ., congress. bill, that health republicans _ congress. bill, that health republicans have - congress. bill, that health i republicans have introduced, thatis republicans have introduced, that is a bill that would require the biden administration to resume construction of the border wall

and boost personnel at the border. we know that it is unlikely this will pass. does that mean it is time to start negotiating on a solution both sides will agree to? irate negotiating on a solution both sides will agree to?— negotiating on a solution both sides will agree to? we need to work together. _ sides will agree to? we need to work together. a _ sides will agree to? we need to work together. a country i work together. a country without borders is not a country at all and so the house republicans have taken action. a sickly, the biden administration is ignoring the laws already there now and i am only a 20 week congressmen but i've been on the campaign trail for a long time. people in america are fed up with an open border and the secretary and the biden administration can say it is under control but it is not. i spent two days a few months ago walking with border patrol in texas and they are overwhelmed, they are swamped. the numbers are coming in and are so high. i cannot imagine what will happen once title 42 ends but there are already

getting swamped now so we have to bring them relief and that is what this bill does. we will let the american people have a sale, we will pass the bill today, i still cannot imagine anyone not but voting for this bill. this is the essence of our country, it is a dire emergency. let me tell you, i met with people in texas, we had a mini town hall and people in texas are fed up and now every state is a border state so now is the time for action. congressmen, i must ask you about what democrats said about the bill today, house democrats, they say the republican bill is cruel extreme and unworkable because it buys children from seeking asylum and mandates family detention. they said this is not in america is. what is your response to democrats who say that this bill will separate families? if you are ever on a aeroplane they tell you to put your own mask on first before your own mask on first before you put anybody else because they know you have to be strong and able to help others. we could not help ourselves right

now so america is not the strong country it used to be because we cannot contain these numbers. we are offering so many goodies and open borders that the numbers are coming in. once we say america's orders are closed, and that we will enforce the current law waiting in mexico, we will not see the massive numbers again. i in mexico, we will not see the massive numbers again.- massive numbers again. i say hogwash- _ massive numbers again. i say hogwash. did _ massive numbers again. i say hogwash. did you _ massive numbers again. i say hogwash. did you get - massive numbers again. i say hogwash. did you get that? l hogwash. did you get that? hogwash. i want to make sure i understand you correctly. you see this bill would separate families? i see this bill would separate families? , see this bill would separate families?— see this bill would separate families? , ., . , families? i say it protects the inteuri families? i say it protects the integrity and _ families? i say it protects the integrity and sovereignty i families? i say it protects the integrity and sovereignty of. integrity and sovereignty of america. we can do it much better than we are doing right now but waiting in mexico is much better, waiting as a family in mexico together is much better than separating families. so this bill says that. we need to wait in mexico, america's border is closed. it is not open. i mexico, america's border is closed. it is not open. i want to ask about _ closed. it is not open. i want to ask about that _

closed. it is not open. i wantj to ask about that negotiation and you say that something your constituents are worried about. is there room for compromise that when republicans and democrats, between the speaker of the house and the president on what can be done to make sure that the us does not default on its debt? the question is are they meeting, it is about time they met. for 90 days the president has been a while and i don't know where he has been. perhaps at that beach house in delaware but for the first time ever we heard from kevin mccarthy at a breakfast yesterday who said that finally we got our first meeting with biden. that is the art of compromise, meeting first of all and talking about the needs and priorities of both sides. our needs and the majority of the house is getting america's spending under control. it is not under control. so we need to make some changes and part of that is reducing our out though. it does not match our income. so we will hopefully make some changes and that will be a part of the future debt limit deal

that hopefully we're getting close to. that will be breaking news your channel soon hopefully. thank you so much forjoining us. around the world and across the uk, this is bbc news. the release of chatgpt, an online tool that can answer questions in natural human—like language, has sparked discussions about the future of artificial intelligence and its uses. i went to the university of bath to find out what sort of conversations lecturers are having. it will handle things like multiple choice questions, for example. it will handle those very well. in its current format chat gpt really struggles with any of the kind of higher order thinking that we require graduate students demonstrate. today, universities are being urged to teach students how to use chat gpt and other artificial intelligence tools. bath has actually already started using it in some assessments. so one of the things that's

great chatgpt it is the fact that it gets students started on things. it won't give them the answers, but it can give them ideas as to what to think, what to do, and how to structure their work. bath's policy on chatgpt and other tools is still in the works, and is due to be in place from this september. you're live with bbc news. the united kingdom has become the first country to send longer—range missiles to ukraine as its forces prepare to launch a counter offensive against the russian invasion. the storm shadow missiles can travel more than 150 miles and will give ukrainian forces the ability to strike deep into russian—held territory. uk defence secretary said the weapons will give ukraine the "best chance" of defending itself. this comes as ukraine ramps up its final preparations for the spring counteroffensive. our correspondent hugo bachega sat down with ukrainian president volodymyr zelensky to discuss the upcoming attack. so, mr president, i've been here for a few weeks, and i think every, almost every

conversation i've had has touched on the issue of this much anticipated ukrainian counteroffensive. are you ready for this counteroffensive? translation: mentally, - we're ready, in terms of how motivated our military are, we're ready. in terms of enough personnel, and our brigades, we're ready. in terms of equipment, not everything has arrived yet. that's my answer. so you're still waiting for weapons and for the kind of military equipment that have been promised to arrive? yes, we're still expecting some things. they will reinforce our counteroffensive and most importantly, they will protect our people. we're expecting armoured vehicles. they arrive in batches. we can advance with what we've got, and i think we can be successful, but we will lose a lot of people. i think that is unacceptable. we need to wait. we need a bit more time.

just let me talk about something that happened last week, because moscow accused ukraine of trying to assassinate president putin. was ukraine behind that alleged attack? translation: no, clearly we were not behind it. i they're always looking to do something that would look like justification. you do this and we do this in response. but it didn't work. not even for their own people at home. so who was behind it? i think they did it themselves. it was their launch, there were no victims and no one was wounded. nothing happened there. what happened there? what kind of magic thing was carrying bombs? why did it fail? no—one was killed. everyone was safe and sound and so on and so forth, and that is why they did it themselves, absolutely.

i am confident of this. next year is an election year in america, which is your main ally... translation: i cannot vote, i am a citizen of ukraine, i i cannot say who i would vote for. but apart from that, are you concerned that, depending on who is elected, you could end up losing this support from your main ally? translation: it is hard to say, to be honest. i elections are internal processes and always affect any country, especially if you talk about elections in the us. first, i do not think we will lose bipartisan support, and, secondly, the us elections are taking place in a year's time.

who knows where we will be? i believe we will win. we are here as eurovision is happening in liverpool, england, and you were supposed to be hosting at here but you cannot because of the war. how disappointed are you that you cannot host it? translation: l have great - respect for the united kingdom and its society. it is an amazing country. from the very start, my opinion has been that if we cannot host eurovision it should take place in one of the countries that share a border with us. such as slovakia or poland or any other country which our people can reach easily, something nearby.

and that interview and more can be seen on our website. we have a longer article about that interview. thank you for watching. stay with us. hello, there. over the past few days, we've seen lots of rainbows. there's been some very heavy rain and lots of thunder and lightning. and on thursday, we had some funnel clouds coming down from the base of the cloud. that rotating cylinder of air, if it hit the ground, it would have been a tornado. funnel clouds not unusual at this time of the year. don't think we're going to see any, though, over the next few days because low pressure is going to take the heavy showers into central southern parts of europe. high pressure building across the uk. but we're seeing an east or northeasterly breeze coming in that's dragging in all the cloud from off the north sea. so a grey start for many central and eastern parts of the uk. that finger of rain moves down briefly to affect east anglia, the southeast, maybe the east midlands, before arriving in dorset. ahead of that, one or

two showers for wales and the southwest. for many western parts of the uk, it's going to be dry with some lengthy spells of sunshine. and warm as well, temperatures 18, 19 degrees. where we keep the cloud, though, for eastern parts of england, much cooler, 13 or 14 nearer the mark and a cool breeze blowing in as well. that breeze will blow in more cloud overnight, particularly across central and eastern england on saturday morning. but it should burn back towards some of those north sea coasts, with sunshine developing more widely. and it's going to be warm in that sunshine and light winds as well. temperatures are going to be higher on saturday, probably peaking at 20 or 21 celsius in quite a few places. second half of the weekend sees some changes because the high pressure releases its grip, and this weather front will move down from the northwest. that will bring some rain into scotland and northern ireland and eventually a bit of that rain will move over the irish sea into far western parts of england and wales. ahead of that we'll see some sunny spells, and barring one or two light showers, it may well be dry. and it's going to be quite warm across the eastern side

of england and through the midlands, temperatures again, 20 or 21 celsius. but over towards the northwest, things are turning much cooler nearer 15 or 16 degrees in that rain. that rain then pushes its way down across the country overnight. and then following on from that early next week, we have more of a northwesterly breeze and that's going to bring in some cooler air as well. so the peak of the temperatures looks like being over the weekend. after that, things are cooling down. there'll be some sunshine around into next week. we can see just how low those temperatures are going to be. there will be some showers, but not the heavy ones that we've seen of late.

voice—over: this is bbc news. we'll have the headlines and all the main news stories for you at the top of the hour, straight after this programme. welcome to hardtalk. i am stephen sackur and today i'm in berlin, outside the humboldt forum, one of germany's great cultural institutions right here in the city centre. it is home to thousands of works of

non—european art. now, the thing is many germans are