we speak to the chair of a california task force recommending reparations for the descendants of enslaved americans. hello. i'm sumi somaskanda. france is seeing a fourth night of unrest following the police killing of a teenager at a traffic stop earlier this week. tonight, the interior ministry is reporting hundreds of arrests. authorities in the country's second largest city, marseilles, say that rioters looted a gun store. rioting has also spilled over into belgium. some 16,000 officers are out on the streets and armoured vehicles have been deployed. they want to avoid more scenes like this from thursday, where a young protester died after falling from a roof. speaking earlier, president emmanuel macron condemned the violence and criticised social media, saying it had incited teenagers

to get involved. one third of people arrested last night where young people. so it is the responsibility of parents to keep them at home. that is something which we all ought to do. well, in a bid to reach out to those taking part, the french national football team has put out a statement tonight. posted to twitter by captain kylian mbappe, it read: but added: it comes after this statement from france's main police union. in it, the alliance police nationale talks about war. they say: earlier, my colleague carl nasman spoke to our correspondent rajini

vaidyanathan. what is it like week you are right now? it is remarkably calm here in paris. we are driving through nanterre. things are quite quiet. we have seen people speak by on motorbikes and milling on the road but mostly the streets have been empty but that does not mean that things will stay empty because it was a similar picture last night where things were quiet and then around 3am, thorium, we started to hear noises from inside our hotel and we looked outside and we saw crowds of people, mostly young men walking past that we could hear

fireworks and lots of vandalism and violence and today as we have been surveying the scene we saw the aftermath of that. behind me we are at the police station here. there is lots of police fans. as we have been saying, 16,000 police officers being deployed so that is more than last night across the country. in other parts of the country. in other parts of the country we have seen some reports of violence already this evening. so, again, it is another night which is unpredictable but once again authorities are bracing themselves for more violence. you are at a police station. we just heard this statement from the main police union, using strong words, saying they were combating a wild gang. they said it was time to fight and eradicate these pests. what sense do you have being in france about what job sense do you have being in france about whatjob the police are doing to quell these protests? police are doing to quell these rotests? ~ ., protests? well, i mean, the thin . protests? well, i mean, the thing that — protests? well, i mean, the thing that is _ protests? well, i mean, the thing that is complicated - protests? well, i mean, the thing that is complicated is l thing that is complicated is that many people who have been

taking part in this violence blame the police and say that is why they are out on the streets in the first place. so, it is complicated. this all began after the death of everyone, a 17—year—old boy who was stopped by police at a traffic signal. he was then shot dead by a police officer and in the subsequent days of violence erupted. now, that was captured on camera, the killing of nahel, as many people we have spoken to say that what if there was no camera? people would have not known about what happened to him and people say there are many other nahels that people will never ever know about because there were no cameras capturing the incident and so people say this is part of a systemic problem, they say, with the police in france. some people i have spoken for go as far as to say they believe the french police are racist and we had a report from the united nations today which was damaging about the

way they say the french police target minorities disproportionately. you then heard from the french government, the french foreign ministry reporting that and saying there were no foundations to what the un was saying. there is very strong accusations as well coming from the united nations so at the end of the day these protests boil down to what many here say is a far deeper issue which was kind of stems or sparked by the killing of 17—year—old nahel. 0k. killing of 17—year—old nahel. ok. our corresponded rajini vaidyanathan on the streets in paris. thank you. the us supreme court has wrapped up its 2023 term with two major rulings today. the court ruled in favour of a christian website designer who refused to provide wedding services to same—sex couples, violating a colorado state law that prohibited businesses from refusing service because of sexual orientation. the nation's highest court now

says that law violates the first amendment. the court also rejected president biden�*s plan to forgive hundreds of billions of dollars in student loans. under the biden administration's plan, 43 million american borrowers would have been eligible for student loan forgiveness. 26 million had already applied. they each would have had up to $20,000 worth of loans forgiven. the plan would cost over $400 billion. the court ruled that the president doesn't have the authority to simply sign off on such funds. later in the day biden announced new actions to provide debt relief, including a i2—month on—ramp payment plan which runs from october 2023 to the end of september 2024. the white house says the plan will protect the most vulnerable borrowers from the worst consequences of missed payments. borrowers who miss monthly payments during this period will not be considered delinquent, reported to credit bureaus, placed in default, or referred to debt collection agencies for 12 months. biden condemned the court's ruling, saying it �*mis—interpreted the constitution.�* here's more of

what he had to say. i believe the court decision to strike down my student debt programme was wrong. i will not stop fighting to deliver borrowers what they need, particularly those at the bottom end of the economic scale. so, we need to find a new way and we are moving as fast as we can. first, i am announcing today a new path consistent with today's ruling to provide student debt relief to provide student debt relief to as many borrowers as possible as quickly as possible. democrats and republicans have been speaking out about today's court rulings. we'll get to the republicans in a moment, but first, we spoke earlier with democratic congressman bobby scott the ranking member of the house committee on education and the workforce. he explained how we got to this point with such widespread student debt in the us. states is to pay two—thirds of the cost of a state college. now it is lesser than a one third. and the pell grant which

is money for low income students to pay for college is to pay 80% of the cost to go into state college and now it is less than 30% and all of that extra money, that gath has been covered over the years by student loans. so, when you have older people say they work their way through college, yes, they had a pell grant that covered 80% of the cost. they only had to find 20. now the students have to pay almost the whole thing and that is how we got here and students have incurred a massive debt and the forgiveness programme was just a modest relief for what has become an overbearing debt. it turns out that about half the people with debt would have been totally wiped out with that little relief. republicans on the other side of the aisle are praising the rulings including house majority leader kevin

mccarthy who called the student loan initiative "unlawful," said today's decision would mean that americans without student loans "are no longer forced" to pay for those who do. and nikki haley, one of the 2024 republican presidential candidates, applauded the court during a summit on friday. cani can ijust can i just say can ijust say — god bless the supreme court? they are making a lot of wrong is right. we have seen it. they have corrected things on religious liberty. we are seeing that they are correcting things on student loans but the affirmative action is really important and the reason it is important and the reason it is important is because the liberals continue to try and put minorities down. for more on these rulings my colleague carl nasman spoke with justin levitt, constitutional law professor at loyola law school, and josh gerstein, senior legal affairs reporter at politico. it really was a big day, abp even of rulings at the supreme court, and, justin, why don't

we start with this case involving a christian graphic artist in who opposed creating sites for wedding websites for same—sex couples. it seemed to be viewed by the court of an issue of freedom of speech. is that how you see it? fit, issue of freedom of speech. is that how you see it?— that how you see it? a little bit. that how you see it? a little bit- this _ that how you see it? a little bit. this one _ that how you see it? a little bit. this one is _ that how you see it? a little bit. this one is a _ that how you see it? a little bit. this one is a hard - that how you see it? a little bit. this one is a hard case. | bit. this one is a hard case. it bit. this one is a hard case. it is — bit. this one is a hard case. it is not _ bit. this one is a hard case. it is not only about freedom of speech — it is not only about freedom of speech it _ it is not only about freedom of speech. it is about public accommodations and that is what makes _ accommodations and that is what makes it— accommodations and that is what makes it so hard. the graphic designer— makes it so hard. the graphic designer was notjust explaining what she would want to do— explaining what she would want to do with her websites on her time~ — to do with her websites on her time~ she _ to do with her websites on her time. she was offering a service _ time. she was offering a service open to all of the public— service open to all of the public - _ service open to all of the public — different from a recording artist, a reporter, a book— recording artist, a reporter, a book publisher. she says "anyone who wants to can come to me — "anyone who wants to can come to me for— "anyone who wants to can come to me for the services" which also — to me for the services" which also involved a speech and that makes — also involved a speech and that makes the case harder and will make _ makes the case harder and will make future cases a lot harder when — make future cases a lot harder when it— make future cases a lot harder when it comes to determining what — when it comes to determining what other services open to the public— what other services open to the public are — what other services open to the public are about providing goods— public are about providing goods that don't depend on speech— goods that don't depend on speech or would have an expressive component. and a

'ustice expressive component. and a justice cited _ expressive component. and a justice cited some _ expressive component. and a justice cited some previous i justice cited some previous cases. what did learn from what we saw there on the majority opinion? we saw there on the ma'ority oinion? ~ ., ., , opinion? we learned that they feel very strongly _ opinion? we learned that they feel very strongly that - opinion? we learned that they feel very strongly that the - feel very strongly that the justice noted an opinion that broadened lgbtqia+ writing even some ways that i think some advocates thought unthinkable a few years ago but in this opinion he comes back and says part of the price of having those broad protections is that we have to show tolerance in the public sphere to people who have views that we disagree with but as justin was saying the complication here is that we have a whole line of cases from the civil rights movement in the 1960s that talk about black patrons wanting to go to barbecues and restaurants and the south of the united states and the owners of those establishments making many of the same sorts of arguments, saying their religious views,

their personal views did not allow for integration and the courts pretty uniformly said that was not a valid argument and if you are running a restaurant it was too bad. if you are in a commercial business you have to serve all patients under civil rights laws as now we have a carveout for businesses that involve a significant amount of speech and i think the questions we will see in coming years is how much speech has to be involved. we have a hamburger chain here that putsjohn 316 on the bottom of the cups. is that enough speech that they can start to exert their religious views over who could come into the restaurant? probably not, but you can, with all kinds of cases that are really going to test this proposition.- test this proposition. well, what do you _ test this proposition. well, what do you think - test this proposition. well, what do you think then, . test this proposition. well, - what do you think then, justin? where do we draw the line and where does the supreme court draw the line because who is protected under the law and how is freedom of speech brought in? these are tricky questions.

the court fully recognise what josh was saying, the parallels on the surface with the cases from the 60s and wanted to take itself out of that zone so it emphasised at every turn that if this case came to the court the woman in question with her graphic design services would serve any customer. it was only the message that she was protesting. and the court said "we are not talking about discrimination against who comes in. we are only talking about these very distinctive speech dependent services." i think the court is not going to broaden this out too terribly much because it recognises as josh says it is a very slippery slope leading to all kinds of exclusion, all kinds of shutting out of disfavoured minority groups across society, and there is a raft of precedent that says that antidiscrimination laws like the one in colorado can make sure that every person has the right to be served equally. i think we're going to find that

this case is a relatively small carveout, but the next case is going to provide real problems for the court in trying to decide how much is too much. i want to come to the second ruling that we heard today and this one was a big one for the president, joe biden student debt relief programme being struck down as unconstitutional. the president said at the court misinterpreted the constitution. he has made some very strong remarks about the court this week as well. what did you think about the president's argument here? despite what the president said i don't think it was a case about the constitution, it was about the constitution, it was a case about what the authorities are of the officials and the biden administration that oversees student loans, and they did use a rather obscure way to put this stat relief plan by ranking it to the covered pandemic data linking it, and saying this was necessary, to cure after—effects of the covid pandemic and the court essentially did not buy that.

we saw a rather heated battle between the conservatives and the liberals about who was stepping out of the appropriate role here, i think the liberals felt they were some animus towards this debt relief programme because it was seen as a liberal undertaking by the biden administration so it was being held to an unfelt standard, and the conservatives felt that you should not have the executive branch making decisions that dial out literally hundreds of billions of dollars without a rather explicit authorisation, so in a senseit explicit authorisation, so in a sense it was a mundane dispute over how to interpret particular statute which the court deals with all the time but in a bigger sense, i think this is the most politically significant case of the term from the court, the most political case of significance since the election because

there were a lot of people that were expecting to have this money in their pocket that won't have it in a park now. the biden administration will blame a republican appointed supreme court for that. i blame a republican appointed supreme court for that.- supreme court for that. i 'ust want to zoom i supreme court for that. i 'ust want to zoom out i supreme court for that. i 'ust want to zoom out here i supreme court for that. i just i want to zoom out here because many of the recent issues that have come before the supreme court if you look at abortion rights, lgbt cue rates, they appear to be fairly settled in terms of case law and public opinion, broad support for these kinds of things. how surprised are you the supreme court actually decided to take up court actually decided to take up cases like this? hat up cases like this? not particularly _ up cases like this? not particularly surprised l up cases like this? iirrt particularly surprised of them a little dismayed. it is true that a lot of these issues had been settled with extensive president another court rulings ljy president another court rulings by more progressive courts and also by more conservative courts. this court has shown a very distinctive proclivity for undoing faster results when it doesn't like the answer. we have a feature in american law where hard cases are supposed

to be hard but there is also supposed to be a thumb on the scale for stability, keeping the law as it is, and members of this court including majorities are ready to throw those sums on the scale out the window whenever they don't like a precedent. thesejustices were put on the court for this reason. they are very conservative, radically conservative, radically conservative in the sense of willing to depart from settled expectations, and that was part of their essentially hiring discussion, part of the job interview, would they be willing to take bold steps? in other news, two people have been shot dead at a moldova airport after the gunman was denied entry, according to the moldovan interior ministry. the shooter seized a gun from border guards as he was being escorted to chisinau international airport's deportation zone, killing the two victims. police said the gunman has been captured. israel's spy agency, mossad, says it has captured the alleged head of a hit squad that planned to kill israelis in cyprus. the operation was conducted

within iran's borders. mossad claims that the hitman gave a detailed 'confession' about his orders from iran's revolutionary guard corps. more than 170 million americans are under air quality and extreme heat alerts as a combination of canadian wildfire smoke and high temperatures sweep the country. health officials have classified air quality as 'unhealthy�* in parts of the midwest and mid—atlantic. in the west, temperatures are expected to rise above 43 degrees celsius in cities like las vegas and phoenix. that's about 100 and ten degrees fahrenheit. a task force in california has recommended the state pay a substantial amount in reparation to eligible descendents of enslaved people, to compensate for the legacy of slavery, and systemic racism. state lawmakers and the governor, gavin newsom, will now consider their report. the issue of financial reparations remains a controversial one, with polling showing that a majority of americans oppose the idea. the committee was set up in the wake of the killing of george floyd, and has spent three years taking evidence from experts. earlier, i spoke with the task force's chair, kamilah moore. it's great to have you. this is

a more than 1000 page long report, suggesting more than 100 ways to repair harm including financial compensation for descendants of slavery. compensation for descendants of slave . ~ . compensation for descendants of slave .~ ., ., slavery. what factored in the decision to _ slavery. what factored in the decision to seek— slavery. what factored in the decision to seek financial - decision to seek financial compensation in particular? great question, thank you for having me. international law factored into our decision to recommend cash payments, 803121 is the legislation that created the task force, it mandates that the task force recommendation comport with human rights law standards under international law, reparations must come in all five forms including compensation, restitution, rehabilitation, satisfaction and guarantee from non— repetition, so that is one of the reasons why we included compensation into a final recommendation. so compensation into a final recommendation.- compensation into a final recommendation. so you follow the guidelines, _ recommendation. so you follow the guidelines, the _ recommendation. so you follow the guidelines, the governors i the guidelines, the governors and lawmakers will have to

agree with your findings in order to actually have them implemented. what have you heard from lawmakers about this possibly being passed into law? at our final hearing, possibly being passed into law? at ourfinal hearing, we heard from elected officials, particularly from the congressional legislative black caucus who gave staring remarks in reflection of how they have been inspired by the task force's work over the past two years and are ready to do the necessary work to introduce legislation based on our proposals which includes doing the necessary work to reach across the aisle to republican legislators into legislators of all backgrounds as well, so i'm very optimistic about the future. ,, ., very optimistic about the future. , ., very optimistic about the future, , ., ., very optimistic about the future. ., future. so you are confident this could — future. so you are confident this could actually _ future. so you are confident this could actually be - this could actually be implemented in california? yes, i am absolutely _ implemented in california? yes, i am absolutely confident - implemented in california? ya: i am absolutely confident that at this point we have a great cross—section of legislators who are on record saying they're committed to they�* re committed to legislation they're committed to legislation based on our proposals and i'm confident the governor, who signed this into

law that created this task force will also be supportive as well. . , ., ., as well. critics have argued that it is — as well. critics have argued that it is impossible - as well. critics have argued that it is impossible to - as well. critics have argued that it is impossible to put| as well. critics have argued | that it is impossible to put a pricetag on the enslavement and oppression of black americans. what is your response to that? in part that is true and we need that enough final report, particularly chapter when we contemplate financial compensation. we say it is impossible, nearly, to calculate the loss of the black community since 1619 from enslavement until now but we did hire economists and public policy experts to practically determine what have been the monetary losses of the black community across five different farm areas, from ijust property takings, mass incarceration, over policing, housing segregation, and evaluation of black businesses, and so any monetary figure —

any monetary figure coming out of our report is not necessarily a recommendation for those fixed amount, but those amounts i guess you could say constitute the losses of the black community over time, so now it is up to the california state legislature to read our report, endorse our methodology and prescriber dollar amount based on the losses that we calculated, if that makes sense.— that makes sense. you said overtime- _ that makes sense. you said overtime. why _ that makes sense. you said overtime. why is _ that makes sense. you said overtime. why is now - that makes sense. you said overtime. why is now right| that makes sense. you said - overtime. why is now right time to reparations?— to reparations? reparations have been _ to reparations? reparations have been fought _ to reparations? reparations have been fought for - to reparations? reparations have been fought for by - to reparations? reparations l have been fought for by those who were enslaved before, but the federal government, federal agencies obstructed the movement to reparations for ex— slaves and so for now, today, in 2023, a direct descendants of slaves are standing in the shoes of our ancestors to receive reparations not only

for 250 years in enslaved labour, but mainly what this thousand page report names are reparations for the lingering incidences of slavery, those major areas of systemic

at the top of the next hour, a special show to mark pride month will be focusing on transgender rights in the country. stayed with me here on bbc news. hello there. after what we had on friday it's hard to believe that this tune could be the warmest on record. across north yorkshire temperatures were around 60 degrees in afternoon, some other parts were colder still. we will find more sunshine over the weekend the start ofjuly in this clearest light with the thicker lower cloud moving away, taking the rain away as well, we will be left with a north—south split with sunnier, warmer weather in the south, the shower was continuing further north and we will have stronger winds as well. it could be a cloudy start to many but we will see the showers in the midlands, the southeast moving away, sunny skies developing in the south but sunshine and showers will continue in northern ireland,

scotland, frequent showers in the north and west of scotland where it will be quite windy, it may feel rather chilly but it it will feel like 18 degrees, 23 or 24 in the southeast, some of it warmer than it was on friday. for the cricketers, they could be want showers left over for the start of play otherwise it looks like it will be a dry, with some sunshine, a bit breezy out there, mind you, and the winds are coming back all the way from iceland and greenland so it will never be particularly warm and that low pressure sitting close to scotland will keep it windy and wet in the far north of the mainland. more showers to come on sunday across other parts of scotland, the odd one continuing in northern ireland and england but for wales and the midlands, southern england, it should be a dry day, plenty of sunshine here. the winds may not be quite as strong on sunday but if anything, those

temperatures could actually be a degree or so lower. heading into the beginning of the new week and that low pressure heading towards scandinavia keeps windy weather going across scotland, that weather front continuing to feed rain into northern scotland, more showers coming into the rest of the country, and while england and wales may start dry, we could see some salary rain moving in from the west and that could arrive later on in the day. sw19 for the start of wimbledon where temperatures will be around 21 degrees, so not a particularly warm start to the week ahead. it will take a while for the temperatures to rise and they may not rise a great deal mind you, and it is still unsettled over the week ahead with showers and longer spells of rain particularly in the north and the west.

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