hello, i'm lewis vaughanjones. you're watching the context on bbc news. cuba's fuel crisis — in the face of days long queues, the country is turning to russia for help. we will have more on that in a moment. sport now, and for a full round—up, from the bbc sport centre, here's marc edwards. hello, and we're going to start at wimbledon where it's been an action packed day following tuesday's wash—out. 23—time grand slam winner novak djokovic is through to the third round, while top seed on the women's side, iga swiatek, continued her pursuit of a maiden wimbledon title with victory on centre court. chethan pathek rounds up the days play for us. bell

wednesday more rain delays bell wednesda more rain dela . wednesday more rain delays here at wimbledon. — wednesday more rain delays here at wimbledon. as _ wednesday more rain delays here at wimbledon, as wimbledon, - wednesday more rain delays here at wimbledon, as wimbledon, as - wednesday more rain delays here at wimbledon, as wimbledon, as well| wednesday more rain delays here at l wimbledon, as wimbledon, as well as two separate protest that took place on court 18 next to me. the first, a man and woman running out onto that court throwing confetti and jigsaw pieces. they are environmental protesters who belong to just stop oil, and a few hours later in a separate match, a man run out and completed the same actions. we will have been arrested, we've seen increased security checks due to fears that this could happen with other british sporting events having been targeted recently. in terms of the tennis itself, it was business as normal for novak djokovic, the tennis itself, it was business as normalfor novak djokovic, no stopping him at the moment, through to the third round goes the favourite for roger federer, equalling the eighth wimbledon singles title. causing him some trouble at times, but nothing to worry djokovic to round. also

through his ego shui on tech, hoping to win herfirst through his ego shui on tech, hoping to win her first wimbledon title. and the match of the day was arguably on court two, seeing tsitsipas beating dominic team beating in a final set tie—break. it is andy murray who awaits in that second round on thursday. there were also winds on wednesday for daniel medvedev, francis t ortho, young ben shelton behind me, sloane stephens, whilst maria sakkari knee was beaten in three sets by ukraine's contestant. in a match they can't afford to lose, to retain hope of winning the women's ashes, england posted their highest ever score against australia in t20s, setting the aussies 187 to win, and that came despite losing five wickets for 19 runs in 23 balls.

in response, australia are 87—4. england are looking really good at this point. england trail 6—0 after defeat in the test and first t20, and must win nine of the remaining 10 points to regain the ashes. there's a new leader of the tour de france after a hard day of racing in the pyrenees. australia's jai hindley has taken the yellow jersey from britain's adam yates, who's now in fifth place. hindley leads the race by 47 seconds from defending champion jonas vingegaard. here's drew savage. adam yates and his team leader had started the day first and second, but this was their first big test in the high mountains. they had to use all their team's resources to chase down two breakaway groups, and they had almost made it whenjoe hindley lost the micro launch an attack. yates began to lose his grip on the yellowjersey, dropping out of his

group, and then the defending champion launched himself up the road after hindley. at the head of a four—man chasing group, and regard got the australian's lead but couldn't catch them. hindley picked up couldn't catch them. hindley picked up for stage win in his first tour de france, and the yellowjersey with it. drew savage, bbc news. so this is how the overall standings look after an enormous shake—up on stage 5. hindley leads the race from jonas vingegaard — he's 47 seconds ahead of the defending champion. former race leader adam yates is now one minute 3a seconds off the lead, six seconds ahead of his co—team leader tadej pogacar, and his twin brother simon. and that's all the sport for now. thank you, marc edwards. to cuba now — it has a fuel crisis. people have had to queue for days for petrol and put up with widespread blackouts. now the government is turning to russia for help. new agreements have been reached with russian firms in everything

from tourist infrastructure to much—needed crude oil. but some cubans are wary of getting too close to moscow at such a sensitive time. from havana, our correspondent will grant reports. it's hard enough for cuban taxi driverjorge lloro to keep his soviet—era lada on the road. spare parts are scarce and expensive. but recently, even filling the tank turned into a days—long ordeal. over the past month, petrol shortages in cuba became so severe that, at their height, the queues at the petrol pumps stretched for several city blocks. thousands of waiting customers were organised into whatsapp groups. jorge is number a26 and he'sjust been told it's his turn. but at the petrol station, the tanker hasn't arrived and no—one knows when it's due, much to the drivers�* frustration. translation: there are many problems with this system, - it has not been designed well. if cuba's latest challenge has been in fuel, then the queues

at the petrol pumps must be set into context of other major challenges the island has faced in recent years. in food security, inflation, electricity provision. it must feel to the beleaguered cuban people like the country simply lurches from crisis to crisis, forcing out an entire generation of young people from the worst economic conditions since the 1990s. the root of cuba's problems is a potent combination of government mismanagement, global economic downturn, and the decades—long us embargo. to alleviate the situation, the cuban state recently signed new accords with russian businesses in sectors from tourism and agriculture to energy. the islands leadership hopes russia can provide part of the crude oil which socialist ally venezuela can no longer afford. amid the war in ukraine, though, some economists see closer russian ties as only a short—term fix. translation: while you're putting out fires on several fronts, - russia has come in to shore up that

unstable situation, but the problem lies in the medium term because these are in soviet companies giving out government credits. they are private russian firms who will demand a return on their investment. after a sweltering day of waiting, jorge was finally able to fill up his tank. his lada keeps going for a little longer. like these classic cars, the cuban revolution also dates to the 1950s, but both are now running on fumes, struggling to maintain momentum without a significant overhaul in the years ahead. will grant, bbc news, havana. joining us live from washington is william leogrande, professor of government and a specialist in latin american politics at the american university. thank you very much for coming on the programme. my thank you very much for coming on the programme-— thank you very much for coming on the programme._ so| thank you very much for coming on i the programme._ so we the programme. my pleasure a. so we not a real the programme. my pleasure a. so we got a real insight _ the programme. my pleasure a. so we got a real insight into _ the programme. my pleasure a. so we got a real insight into the _ got a real insight into the challenges of day—to—day life, but i want to talk about the geopolitics

of this. how do you view the relationship between the country and russia right now?— russia right now? well, there's no iuestion russia right now? well, there's no question that _ russia right now? well, there's no question that since _ russia right now? well, there's no question that since the _ russia right now? well, there's no question that since the cuban - question that since the cuban president travelled to moscow back in november, cuban— russian relations have gotten much closer. there's been a real parade of senior officials going back and forth between the two capitals, signing literally dozens of bilateral agreements around various kinds of commercial activities. and it's really critical for the cubans right now because, as your report said, there are shortages of almost everything on the island. there is a terrible economic crisis, a result not only of internal mismanagement and us sanctions, but also the fact that the covid pandemic crippled the cuban tourism industry which hasn't fully recovered. you cuban tourism industry which hasn't fully recovered.— fully recovered. you mentioned us sanctions there, _ fully recovered. you mentioned us sanctions there, let's _ fully recovered. you mentioned us sanctions there, let's talk - fully recovered. you mentioned us sanctions there, let's talk about i sanctions there, let's talk about the us in all this — you can't

imagine they would want that cuba — russia alliance to go any stronger, are they potentially responsible here? is there more they could have done to stop that? i here? is there more they could have done to stop that?— done to stop that? i think there is. it would be much _ done to stop that? i think there is. it would be much more _ done to stop that? i think there is. it would be much more preferable| done to stop that? i think there is. i it would be much more preferable for cuba, from an economic point of view, to be engaging with the united states. the main source of investment in the caribbean is the united states, the main source of tourists going to the caribbean is the united states. and the cuban—american community in the united states could be an enormous asset to cuba because they would be willing to provide investment, they would be willing to go back, many of them, to their country and start new businesses. but the biden administration has decided to put domestic politics ahead of us foreign policy interests, and they've kept most of donald trump's sanctions in place. so they've kept most of donald trump's sanctions in place.— sanctions in place. so what do you think the chances _ sanctions in place. so what do you think the chances are _ sanctions in place. so what do you think the chances are of _ think the chances are of that

changing? i think the chances are of that changing?— think the chances are of that chaniiin? ., �* ~' 3 think the chances are of that chaniiin? .,�* ~ �*, . changing? i don't think there's much chance of it — changing? i don't think there's much chance of it changing _ changing? i don't think there's much chance of it changing frankly, - chance of it changing frankly, except maybe at the margins between now and the us presidential election in 2024. now and the us presidential election in 202a. biden has said he wants to help the cuban private sector, which is becoming stronger every day, and is becoming stronger every day, and is an important engine now of economic development in cuba. but he has yet to actually do much of anything — and there's every indication that it is resistance from some of his political advisers who don't want to anger cuban—americans and cause domestic political problems as the election campaign gears up. political problems as the election campaign gears lip-— campaign gears up. interesting, we've been _ campaign gears up. interesting, we've been focusing _ campaign gears up. interesting, we've been focusing on - campaign gears up. interesting, we've been focusing on russia, | campaign gears up. interesting, - we've been focusing on russia, talk me through the relationship with china. ~ ., u, , me through the relationship with china. ~ ., _, , �*, me through the relationship with china. ~ ., , �*, , china. well of course, there's been this recent — china. well of course, there's been this recent story _ china. well of course, there's been this recent story about _ china. well of course, there's been this recent story about the - china. well of course, there's been j this recent story about the suppose a chinese spy base in cuba, which it turns out there has been some sort of installation there now for 6—7 years. it was really blown up here in the united states by some leaks,

i think probably to cause problems for secretary of state antony blinken who was just on the eve of departing for his trip to beijing. the cubans have been building relations with china, they've been more focused on commerce than they have on military cooperation, and the reason is essentially the same — the reason is essentially the same — the cuban economy is in such bad shape that the government is desperate, and they are looking for any port in a storm, any government that's willing to give them a hand economically in this really difficult period, they'll take that hand and build a better relationship. russia and china have both done that.— both done that. fascinating, william, thanks _ both done that. fascinating, william, thanks so - both done that. fascinating, william, thanks so much - both done that. fascinating, william, thanks so much forj both done that. fascinating, - william, thanks so much for being on the programme. mt; william, thanks so much for being on the programme-— the programme. my pleasure, thank ou. around the world and across the uk, this is bbc news. bbc news, bringing you different stories from across the uk. a library with a twist. instead of books, this

is a library of things — full of electronics like this popular carpet cleaner — expertly maintained by technical specialist turned librarian jamie hillier, responsible for looking after the collections of a dozen such libraries across london. when people are renting and they're moving accommodation, the landlord requires them to get the carpets clean before moving out. and it's quite expensive to pay someone to come and do that as a service. but to borrow one from us, £20.50 a day. electronic libraries within regular literature libraries, like this one in southwark, an operation recently voted one of the country's top 100 social enterprises. southwark is one of london's most populated boroughs. the council has backed the initiative, in part to curb the 400 tonnes of electric waste that's generated here every year.

you're live with bbc news. the uk government looks set to break its flagship climate and nature funding promise for developing countries — this is according to an internal government document seen by the bbc. let's remind ourselves of the pledge itself. in 2019, borisjohnson committed to double the uk's spending on international climate finance to £11.6 billion by 2026. but the document seen by the bbc suggests that the government is so far behind on delivering on that promise that it would have to spend 83% of the total foreign aid budget by 2026 to reach it. joining me now is michael wilkins, executive director for the centre for climate finance and investment at imperial college london. thank you for coming on the programme. you're very welcome.— you're very welcome. what's your reaction to _ you're very welcome. what's your reaction to this? _ you're very welcome. what's your reaction to this? well, _ you're very welcome. what's your reaction to this? well, it's - you're very welcome. what's your reaction to this? well, it's a - reaction to this? well, it's a little bit of _ reaction to this? well, it's a little bit of a _ reaction to this? well, it's a little bit of a surprise - reaction to this? well, it's a little bit of a surprise if - reaction to this? well, it's a i little bit of a surprise if indeed it's true that the government will

be remeasuring on its previous commitments of international climate finance, especially given that we are in the run—up to the next climate change summit taking place in november, in the united arab emirates where this topic is bound to come up, and the uk's commitments, which were hopeful in glasgow only two years ago at cop26, will be looked into question. so it was a bit surprising when i saw it this morning. was a bit surprising when i saw it this morning-— this morning. what kind of difference _ this morning. what kind of difference is _ this morning. what kind of difference is this _ this morning. what kind of difference is this money i this morning. what kind of| difference is this money do this morning. what kind of i difference is this money do to this morning. what kind of _ difference is this money do to make? well, you have to put into context, really, in terms of the amount of funding required to tackle the causes and the effects of climate change in the developing world. the poorer countries need massive amounts of investment, and they are just not getting it. you know, only

a fraction of the $100 billion per annum has actually been transferred from the rich countries of the world to the poorer countries to tackle climate change. and the pledge by the uk government, which was put before only in 2019 by the conservative manifesto back then, was to use the international climate finance to tackle renewable energy investment infrastructure, and also to help deforestation in developing countries. just to help deforestation in developing countries. , ., ., �*, countries. just also, what's the lo . ic of countries. just also, what's the logic of making _ countries. just also, what's the logic of making this _ countries. just also, what's the i logic of making this commitment public in the first place, and some of the thinking behind this transfer of the thinking behind this transfer of money from richer countries to poorer countries in this way? yeah, the lo . ic poorer countries in this way? yeah, the logic stems _ poorer countries in this way? yeah, the logic stems from _ poorer countries in this way? yeah, the logic stems from the _ poorer countries in this way? yeah, the logic stems from the fact - poorer countries in this way? yeah, the logic stems from the fact that l the logic stems from the fact that climate change is down to the stock of greenhouse gas emissions in the atmosphere. and over the past

150-200 atmosphere. and over the past 150—200 years or so, the majority of that greenhouse gas emissions stock has come from the richer countries of the world, including the uk. but it is the poorer countries of the world, especially those in the global south, which are experiencing the worst impacts of climate change. so that's why this has come about in the debate, which still rages on year after year that climate change summits, is how the rich countries need to make amends for that historic legacy of putting greenhouse gas emissions into the atmosphere and causing the damages we are seeing now in the poorer countries of the world. that's the logic of. countries of the world. that's the lo . ic of. �* countries of the world. that's the loiic of. �* ., ., ~' countries of the world. that's the loiic of. �* ., ., ~ ., ., countries of the world. that's the loiic of. �* ., ., ., logic of. and looking ahead to the next cop get _ logic of. and looking ahead to the next cop get together _ logic of. and looking ahead to the next cop get together that - logic of. and looking ahead to the next cop get together that you i logic of. and looking ahead to the | next cop get together that you are mentioning early on, how optimistic or pessimistic are you?— or pessimistic are you? well, there is still some _ or pessimistic are you? well, there is still some time _ or pessimistic are you? well, there is still some time to _ or pessimistic are you? well, there is still some time to go, _ or pessimistic are you? well, there is still some time to go, still - or pessimistic are you? well, there is still some time to go, still a - is still some time to go, still a lot of work to be done in terms of finance pledges. research we've done

recently at our centre in imperial couege recently at our centre in imperial college shows that if you just look at southeast asia, for example, there's clearly a much greater quantum of funding required, we calculate $150 billion per annum is required just for renewable energy investment compared to the 30 billion dollars per annum being invested in southeast asia. in the same goes for a investments, there's still a shortfall. so if you put it into perspective, the uk's contribution to helping mitigate climate change and also repair for the damage it's caused is still a small amount, the damage it's caused is still a smallamount, but the damage it's caused is still a small amount, but a very important amount that sends a very important signal to other global leaders. i see. michaelwilkins, signal to other global leaders. i see. michael wilkins, thanks for coming on the programme. you're welcome. the government says it will honour promises made on climate finance. "the government remains committed to spending £11.6 billion "on international climate finance and we are delivering on that "pledge," a government spokesperson said.

we're going to look at encryption — super secure messaging. the uk's landmark online safety bill is progressing to the next stage, on its way to potentially outlawing that level of encryption. childrens' charity the nspcc says its survey shows people want tech firms like meta to build in ways for private messages to be read in order to protect children. but an open letter has been written by nearly 70 academics that argues any tampering will effectively break encryption and harm the privacy for billions of users around the world. our cyber correspondent joe tidy explains. whatsapp, imessage, android's messages and signal — the rise of super—secure messaging known as end—to—end encryption is undeniable. telegram and messenger also offer the feature by choice. and by the end of 2023,

meta says all communication through messenger will be end—to—end encrypted as standard. a privacy—focused messaging platform has to be encrypted. instagram direct messaging will follow soon after, and twitter is also building the feature into its app. as privacy experts celebrate the trend, governments are increasingly concerned — but why? well, it's because of how clever this secure technology is. let's say that i'm the server of an internet company, and these people are trying to send messages. sending readable information over the internet is a pretty bad idea. anyone that intercepts the messages could read them. so these days, nearly all the information we share over the internet is encrypted, which means it's scrambled and therefore protected from prying eyes. a bit like putting a note in a locked box. the messages are protected when they leave us, processed by the app server, and then sent on to the recipient. but with most forms of encryption, the company can unscramble the data. they have the keys to read our messages and sometimes share them with others, like the police. hackers, too, are sometimes able

to access our unsecured data by breaching internet companies. end—to—end encryption goes a step further. messages are encrypted, but only the sender and the receiver have access to the keys. it's like sending a box that only you have the key to open. the messages are protected, even from the app company, which means that end to end encryption protects your texts, media, and calls from everyone — internet companies, hackers, even police. this means that people can truly exercise their right to freedom of expression, right to privacy without fear of unwarranted surveillance, whether by the private sector or the public sector. but the rise of end—to—end encryption is being challenged by governments around the world. the so—called five eyes countries, led by the uk with its online safety bill, are campaigning against the technology. many other countries have also expressed concerns too, with some exploring their own laws to block it. what's concerning is that

if platforms make the design choice to roll out end—to—end encryption, we risk losing the vast majority of that data that's used to find perpetrators and protect children. many security forces and politicians around the world are calling on tech companies to introduce some sort of technical back door into end—to—end encrypted apps, a way for police to gain access to messages if they suspect criminal activity. but tech firms argue that any tampering will harm security. and as the stalemate heats up, companies are threatening to stop their apps in countries like the uk if bans are issued. joe tidy, bbc news. so this is a tricky issue. drjanis wong, postdoctoral research associate at the alan turing institute a research group, is working on data science and artificial intelligence. thank you very much for coming on the programme. thank you very much for coming on the programme-— thank you very much for coming on the programme. thanks for having me. so which side —

the programme. thanks for having me. so which side do _ the programme. thanks for having me. so which side do you _ the programme. thanks for having me. so which side do you tend _ the programme. thanks for having me. so which side do you tend to _ the programme. thanks for having me. so which side do you tend to lead - so which side do you tend to lead the maker lean towards? complete encryption for privacy, or not? i’m encryption for privacy, or not? i'm a stron: encryption for privacy, or not? in a strong advocate for complete encryption, and one thing i think is useful to understand in this conflict is that everyone either has a safe and secure means of communicating with this help of encryption, or nobody does. so it's fairly black—and—white pot talk encryption, or nobody does. so it's fairly black-and-white pot- fairly black-and-white pot talk us throu:h fairly black-and-white pot talk us through that. _ fairly black-and-white pot talk us through that, because _ fairly black-and-white pot talk us through that, because it's - fairly black-and-white pot talk us through that, because it's clear, l through that, because it's clear, it's black and white, either it's unsecure or nobody can see it. why can't there be a system where it's just police are certain regulators in certain limited circumstances where they are worried about criminal activity or whatever, that they can see it but nobody else can? yes, exactly, so with a back door to encryption, as was explained earlier, there's no way in which we can sell separate the good actors,

so speaking about police and law authorities, to separate from the bad actors, because it requires companies to essentially have a copy and access to everyone's messages and access to everyone�*s messages all and access to everyone's messages all the time. so when there are bad actors that come into play, it makes things tricky in terms of where we allow access. but things tricky in terms of where we allow access-— allow access. but can you see the wor of allow access. but can you see the worry of many — allow access. but can you see the worry of many parents, _ allow access. but can you see the worry of many parents, for- allow access. but can you see the i worry of many parents, for example, their children, potential whatever it is, criminal contact from adults, they'll want a way of tracing that and being able to hand out over so police can prosecute? yes. police can prosecute? yes, absolutely. _ police can prosecute? yes, absolutely, i— police can prosecute? yes, absolutely, i think- police can prosecute? yes, absolutely, i think that i police can prosecute? yes, absolutely, i think that of i police can prosecute? yes, i absolutely, i think that of course, the protection of children is paramount and fundamental to our societies and communities. but if having and being able to break encryption or removing and outlawing encryption or removing and outlawing encryption was the solution, then there would be a separate bill for

that, for example, as opposed to it just being one part of the online safety bill. and these tech companies and nonprofit organisations that have been critical of removing encryption have suggested amendments be made to the bill that explicitly says that there are methods, or methods should be employed to so we can allow for the same protections without having to break encryption. share same protections without having to break encryption.— same protections without having to break encryption. are there obvious sim - le break encryption. are there obvious simple answers _ break encryption. are there obvious simple answers to _ break encryption. are there obvious simple answers to that? _ break encryption. are there obvious simple answers to that? could i break encryption. are there obvious simple answers to that? could you | simple answers to that? could you have full encryption that all the tech companies want and lots of people who want safety and privacy want, but there be these extra safeguards?— safeguards? unfortunately no, because if— safeguards? unfortunately no, because if there _ safeguards? unfortunately no, because if there was _ safeguards? unfortunately no, because if there was a - safeguards? unfortunately no, because if there was a simple l because if there was a simple solution, whether on the technical side of things or the social side of things, we would've already done it. and i think in the context of protection, it's important to remember that it's notjust the

technologies or at the messaging stages — so some of the messages we want to ask is funding children's resources and charities better, are there ways we can educate schools or even parents and legal guardians to be able to identify children that may be potentially at risk or are withdrawing as a result of certain activities or certain things that we see them do and interact with in the context of technologies and their smartphones, etc. it’s context of technologies and their smartphones, etc.— context of technologies and their smartphones, etc. it's an absolutely fascinatin: smartphones, etc. it's an absolutely fascinating issue, _ smartphones, etc. it's an absolutely fascinating issue, a _ smartphones, etc. it's an absolutely fascinating issue, a very _ smartphones, etc. it's an absolutely fascinating issue, a very difficult i fascinating issue, a very difficult one to get your head around, to grapple and talk about, but you explained it really clearly so we appreciate your time. doctor, thanks for coming on the programme. thank ou for for coming on the programme. thank you for having _ for coming on the programme. thank you for having me. _ that's it from me, i'll be back in a couple minutes' time at the top of the hour. but i'm lewisjohn —— lewis vaughanjones, this is bbc news, bye—bye.

hello then. wednesday on the whole has been a quieter day with some sunny spells. there have been a few scattered showers. so from time to time, looking up in the sky, some threatening—looking shower clouds, as you can see from this weather watcher picture sent in from luce, in kent. but tuesday's heavy, persistent rain moved off into the near continent. today has been a quieter story, as you can see from that satellite picture. a few scattered showers which will gradually fade through the night. we'll have some clearing skies and temperatures falling away. so it'll be a comfortable night for getting a good night's sleep. 8—11 celsius to greet us first thing on thursday morning. on the whole, thursday will continue to be dry, settled, and sunny for most. but we have got this area of low pressure pushing in from the west. winds will strengthen ahead of it, gusts perhaps in excess of 40mph. and there will be some wetter weather moving towards northern ireland, and gradually by the end of the afternoon into western fringes of scotland. potentially clouding over with a few isolated showers into wales and southwest england. best of the sunshine

in the southeast with highs of 22 celsius. so that bodes well for wimbledon. there's plenty of sport to look out for at the moment. thursday, dry, warm, and humid on friday. could trigger some thunderstorms on saturday. and we've got another test, starting this time in headingley in leeds. a beautiful start, but there could be some sharp showers into the weekend. let's take a look at those in more detail. on thursday, the rain will be moving out of northern ireland and into the early hours of friday morning, it'll be pushing through scotland. so we start off on friday morning with some showery outbreaks of rain to the north and west, but further south we'll once again see some clearer skies. but this frontal system will tend to lingerfor a time. it's going to tap in to some very warm and humid air as we move into friday. hence the reason we'll see this northwest—southeast divide. so some showery outbreaks of rain into northern ireland and western scotland. eastern scotland, england, wales dry, settled, sunny

and increasingly hot and humid, 28—29 celsius can't be ruled out by the middle of the afternoon. that runs the risk of more thunderstorms as we move into the weekend. hence the reason for those showers for both wimbledon and for headingley. those fronts will push in and move steadily north and east. so into the weekend, sunny spells and scattered showers and a little bit fresher.