some showers will pop up clear. some showers will pop up through the day, the odd heavy one and perhaps the odd rumble of thunder. not as many for wales or south—west england. the far north of scotland, cloudy and breezy, 12 for loic, 2a in london, and brighterfor many than today. for thursday, sunshine and showers again. perhaps the odd heavy one but some dry gaps in between the temperatures in a range between 15 and 23. for many places, a bit below par for the time of year. towards the end of the week, low pressure returns, frontal systems pushing in from the atlantic in time for the weekend, so we are going to see some outbreaks of rain at times. it is going to turn windy in the south and it's going to stay rather cool. thanks, ben. and that's bbc news at ten. there's more analysis of the days main stories on newsnight with kirsty wark, which isjust getting under way on bbc two. the news continues here on bbc one, as now its time to join our

colleagues for the news where you are, but from the ten team, it's goodnight. 30 years ago, my cousin was murdered. was the light of our

family. my aunt was robbed of the opportunity to see him have the joy of his own children and grandchildren and i was robbed of my friend... never brought to justice, all three of them. raw emotion and opposition across all communities in northern ireland as mps vote for effectively an amnesty for those who committed violence during the troubles. many violent acts from the troubles are unsolved and unpunished. should there be, as the uk government wants, conditional immunity for those who come forward? we'll be speaking to the victims commissioner

who says its not the victims driving this process but the perpetrators. we'll also bejoined by the historian marianne elliott who was involved in the peace process and by the former head of the army lord dannatt who wants greater protection for army veterans. also tonight... hell's kitchen in the european heat. what do the extreme temperatures do to europe's crops, tomatoes and olive oil and inflation? signs today that the worst of food price inflation could be behind us, but could climate change be about to unpick that progress? we get to grips with a new term, climateflation. we'll be asking the chef and social entrepeneur alex head what even higherfood prices will do to business. ahead of a by election—tastic thursday, with three contests all critical for rishi sunak. we finish our trio of reports in somerton and frome. and 70 years ago today

bbc television entered the world of science fiction with the quatermass experiement. actor mark gatiss visits alexandra palace from where it was broadcast live. the idea that their lives serial was donein the idea that their lives serial was done in these two rooms, including the front of a house and a crushed rocket, is amazing. we'll be speaking to writer and historian toby hadoke about what the quatermass serials did for tv. good evening. we begin tonight with another chapter in northern ireland's political history, one which has generated huge division and emotion on the floor of the house of commons today. mps voted to reject an attempt by peers to remove the contentious immunity provision from the northern ireland troubles bill, the bill is an effort to resolve legacy and reconciliation issues by granting an amnesty from prosecution for those who are prepared to publicly

admit their role in past violence. the majority of cases of deaths of people killed during the troubles remain unsolved. but some individuals and victims groups are concerned that the conditional immuniuty scheme would prevent them seeking justice for relatives killed during the troubles. here'sjoe. at the 1997 funeral of policeman david johnston, one figure stood out, that of his seven—year—old son louie. two days earlier his father had been shot dead in a foot patrol, on an attack blamed on the ira. now 33, louiejohnston is now a father of two himself, but his memories of that they remain vivid. i of two himself, but his memories of that they remain vivid.— that they remain vivid. i can remember _ that they remain vivid. i can remember seeing _ that they remain vivid. i can remember seeing my - that they remain vivid. i can remember seeing my dad's| that they remain vivid. i can - remember seeing my dad's coffin that they remain vivid. i can remember seeing my dad's coffin in church and i can remember the hymns that they sang, and throughout it all i just that they sang, and throughout it all ijust remember as a little boy looking up at my mum, just breaking her heart. looking up at my mum, “ust breaking her heart. ., ., ., , , her heart. no-one has ever been held to account for — her heart. no-one has ever been held to account for the _

her heart. no-one has ever been held to account for the killing _ her heart. no-one has ever been held to account for the killing of _ her heart. no-one has ever been held to account for the killing of alex - to account for the killing of alex head's father and he believes the uk government's legacy bill won't help. how does it feel to know that the law, in a few months' time, will be changed? it’s law, in a few months' time, will be chanced? �* , , law, in a few months' time, will be chanced? h , ., ., changed? it's very discouraging and it is heartbreaking _ changed? it's very discouraging and it is heartbreaking to _ changed? it's very discouraging and it is heartbreaking to be _ changed? it's very discouraging and it is heartbreaking to be honest - changed? it's very discouraging and it is heartbreaking to be honest to l it is heartbreaking to be honest to know that the government will change the law, which in essence introduces a hierarchy ofjustice. what we are really saying is, we're saying that any criminality that took place between a period that is known as the troubles, that will be accepted, but what we're saying then is after that defined date and of time, then they would be pursued through the courts. so, i don't understand how we as a society can look at that and say this is a good thing.— say this is a good thing. opposition to this bill is _ say this is a good thing. opposition to this bill is one _ say this is a good thing. opposition to this bill is one of— say this is a good thing. opposition to this bill is one of the _ say this is a good thing. opposition to this bill is one of the few - to this bill is one of the few issues that has united people and parties in northern ireland. in 1981 marc kelly watched as his

12—year—old sister was shot and killed by the british army. i 12-year-old sister was shot and killed by the british army. i was “ust killed by the british army. i was just coming _ killed by the british army. i was just coming down _ killed by the british army. i was just coming down the _ killed by the british army. i was just coming down the street - killed by the british army. i —" just coming down the street and i got within about maybe two of caroline, and i heard a bang, she turned to see where the noise came from and there was a second bang and she was shot in the back of her head, she was shot behind her left here, with a plastic bullet. this legacy bill is absolutely disgusting, and there are many, many, hundreds of families like mine. , ., ' mine. the ayes to the right, 292, the noes to _ mine. the ayes to the right, 292, the noes to the _ mine. the ayes to the right, 292, the noes to the left, _ mine. the ayes to the right, 292, the noes to the left, 200. - mine. the ayes to the right, 292, | the noes to the left, 200. tonight mine. the ayes to the right, 292, i the noes to the left, 200. tonight a ma'ori of the noes to the left, 200. tonight a majority of mps _ the noes to the left, 200. tonight a majority of mps backed _ the noes to the left, 200. tonight a majority of mps backed the - the noes to the left, 200. tonight a majority of mps backed the new - the noes to the left, 200. tonight a majority of mps backed the new law which will bring in an amnesty for troubles—era killings, stop future inquests and prohibit new civil cases. earlierthe inquests and prohibit new civil cases. earlier the government made their case for why a reconciliation commission could be the answer. i know that it contains finely balanced political and moral choices

that are uncomfortable for many, but we should be honest about what we can realistically deliver for the people in northern ireland in circumstances where the prospects of achieving justice in the traditional sense are so vanishingly small. find sense are so vanishingly small. and for some, emotions were raw. sense are so vanishingly small. and | for some, emotions were raw. years auo, m for some, emotions were raw. years ago. my cousin _ for some, emotions were raw. years ago. my cousin was _ for some, emotions were raw. years ago, my cousin was murdered, - for some, emotions were raw. years ago, my cousin was murdered, was. for some, emotions were raw. years ago, my cousin was murdered, was the li-ht ago, my cousin was murdered, was the light of— ago, my cousin was murdered, was the light of our— ago, my cousin was murdered, was the light of ourfamily... ago, my cousin was murdered, was the light of our family... for ago, my cousin was murdered, was the light of our family. . ._ light of our family. .. for mp jim shannon. _ light of our family. .. for mp jim shannon, the _ light of our family. .. for mp jim shannon, the impact _ light of our family. .. for mp jim shannon, the impact of - light of our family. .. for mp jim shannon, the impact of that - light of our family. .. for mp jim shannon, the impact of that is l shannon, the impact of that is lasting. shannon, the impact of that is lastinu . shannon, the impact of that is lastina. , ., , shannon, the impact of that is lastina. , ., , lasting. three people for his murder, lasting. three people for his murder. two _ lasting. three people for his murder, two of— lasting. three people for his murder, two of them - lasting. three people for his murder, two of them are - lasting. three people for his i murder, two of them are dead, lasting. three people for his - murder, two of them are dead, never made _ murder, two of them are dead, never made accountable, justice, missed the deputy speaker, where is the justice? _ the deputy speaker, where is the “ustice? ., , ., �* , ., the deputy speaker, where is the “ustice? ., , ., �*, ., �* , justice? lord several's into bloody sunday lasted _ justice? lord several's into bloody sunday lasted more _ justice? lord several's into bloody sunday lasted more than - justice? lord several's into bloody sunday lasted more than a - justice? lord several's into bloody sunday lasted more than a decade justice? lord several's into bloody - sunday lasted more than a decade and he has no view on the legacy bill, he has no view on the legacy bill, he knows how time affects memories. we had several cases of people who to our minds were being totally honest and trying to help us but had got their memories wrong, which we

could demonstrate from other contemporary evidence and other matters. but they were not trying to mislead us. they were doing their best to help us, and so, the longer time goes on, the more that sort of thing is likely to happen and the more difficult it becomes to try and find out what really happened. the lea bill find out what really happened. the legacy bill should become law this autumn, although with labour promising to repeal autumn, although with labour promising to repeat it, families of those killed in the troubles may still have a chance at their idea of justice. with me now is an historian marianne elliott who was awarded an 0be for services new to northern ireland, lord dannatt, the former head of the army who served his first tour of duty in belfast as a platoon commander, but first, ian jeffers, the victims commissioner in northern ireland. first of all, c,

we heard the government representative saying it is a finely balanced political and moral choice, but you believe they made the wrong one? i but you believe they made the wrong one? ~ , ., ., ., one? i think you heard it earlier, this has united _ one? i think you heard it earlier, this has united every _ one? i think you heard it earlier, this has united every political - this has united every political party in northern ireland and indeed the opposition. there is no doubt about the need for a solution to address legacy issues of the troubles but of the bill is not the way to do it and railroading a bill through parliament is not the way to do it, it puts it in the hands of the victims. do it, it puts it in the hands of the victims-— do it, it puts it in the hands of the victims. , , ., ., , ., the victims. did you feel that your concerns were _ the victims. did you feel that your concerns were ignored? _ the victims. did you feel that your concerns were ignored? i - the victims. did you feel that your concerns were ignored? i think . concerns were ignored? i think credit to the _ concerns were ignored? i think credit to the lord _ concerns were ignored? i think credit to the lord who - concerns were ignored? i think i credit to the lord who throughout this process has listened and some amendments have been made but the reality today is that the house of commons is rejecting one of the key recommendations of the lord's, they were saying, remove the amnesty piece, they want to put it back in, that was a conservative manifesto pledge to serve their needs, not the needs of victims.—

needs of victims. let's “ust take one needs of victims. let's “ust take terrible * needs of victims. let's “ust take one terrible incident, _ needs of victims. let's just take one terrible incident, the - needs of victims. let's just take one terrible incident, the barry| one terrible incident, the barry murphy mexico, we know that the soldiers involved did not follow the rule book but there will be under this no prosecution for any soldiers, that is my understanding, is it your understanding? regardless ofthe is it your understanding? regardless of the incident _ is it your understanding? regardless of the incident i _ is it your understanding? regardless of the incident i think _ is it your understanding? regardless of the incident i think every - is it your understanding? regardless of the incident i think every victim i of the incident i think every victim should have the right to justice and the bill would remove that right to justice. the ballymurphy families are secured an inquest which was fought for, the inquest gave them the answer is to say how their family members, their loved ones, were killed, it provided some answers, it did not provide the next stage, which isjustice, but an inquest does not close that witch, whereas the bill poses that route. what you're saying is under this bill there will not even be inquests? fii bill there will not even be inquests?— bill there will not even be in . uests? , ., ., inquests? of the bill would remove inuuests, inquests? of the bill would remove inquests, which _ inquests? of the bill would remove inquests, which is _ inquests? of the bill would remove inquests, which is particularly - inquests, which is particularly cruel. inquests may not be that efficient but they are proven to work and they are trusted by all communities. to remove that now, and

people have fought for years, maybe 40, 50 years, and people will get answers from inquests, and that will give them some peace. what answers from inquests, and that will give them some peace.— give them some peace. what do you make of the — give them some peace. what do you make of the argument _ give them some peace. what do you make of the argument that - give them some peace. what do you make of the argument that with - give them some peace. what do you make of the argument that with the | make of the argument that with the passage of time, recollections differ? , ., , ., ., differ? there is no question about it, we differ? there is no question about it. we could _ differ? there is no question about it, we could both _ differ? there is no question about it, we could both be _ differ? there is no question about it, we could both be at— differ? there is no question about it, we could both be at the - differ? there is no question about it, we could both be at the same i it, we could both be at the same incident and our story of the incident and our story of the incident would be totally different. and that really does point to proper investigations of these things, but it still comes down to the key point, should we removejustice, evenit point, should we removejustice, even it is a very slight chance of justice? and the answer to that is no. no victim regardless of the crime should have that removed from them. ., ., ., , ., ., , ., ., them. you have a statutory role to reresent them. you have a statutory role to represent the _ them. you have a statutory role to represent the interests _ them. you have a statutory role to represent the interests of - them. you have a statutory role to represent the interests of victims l represent the interests of victims and survivors, do you think that they will engage, if this becomes law, as we expect, in the reconciliation process? i law, as we expect, in the reconciliation process? i think the government _ reconciliation process? i think the government is _ reconciliation process? i think the government is playing _ reconciliation process? i think the government is playing a _ reconciliation process? i think the government is playing a game - reconciliation process? i think the l government is playing a game here reconciliation process? i think the - government is playing a game here in so much that it is leaving only one show in town, so they may have to

engage, that will be a personal choice for victims and their families and so forth, whether they can engage. we have seen through things like the operation that it takes many months if not years to build trust on that and i go back to things like inquests, people were trusting inquests and that has now been ripped out from underneath them, so whether they engage or not it is going to be really, really difficult because they may get information but the slight chance of justice is being removed from them. thank you, if i can turn to you, richard dannatt, you served in northern ireland, you must recognise that scars run very, very deeply, and if people are not prosecuted, and if people are not prosecuted, and if people are not prosecuted, and if there are not inquests, the prosecution could be soldiers, they could be paramilitaries, if that does not happen, what hope is there for true peace?— for true peace? well, i think the oint is for true peace? well, i think the point is that _ for true peace? well, i think the point is that many _ for true peace? well, i think the point is that many years, - for true peace? well, i think the point is that many years, 20, i for true peace? well, i think the l point is that many years, 20, 30, 40, point is that many years, 20, 30, 40. 50 _ point is that many years, 20, 30, 40. 50 years _ point is that many years, 20, 30, 40, 50 years in some cases have

elapsed, — 40, 50 years in some cases have elapsed, and as lord savile said, memories— elapsed, and as lord savile said, memories do get dimmed, and i think the other_ memories do get dimmed, and i think the other sad fact of life is that a number— the other sad fact of life is that a number of— the other sad fact of life is that a number of high—profile trial cases have _ number of high—profile trial cases have collapsed through lack of admissible evidence, and this really comes_ admissible evidence, and this really comes back to the issue that in principle — comes back to the issue that in principle where you are able to conduct — principle where you are able to conduct an investigation, and lay charges — conduct an investigation, and lay charges and conduct a trial, they should _ charges and conduct a trial, they should be — charges and conduct a trial, they should be a reasonable chance of prosecution, but if there is not admissible evidence, then you're not going _ admissible evidence, then you're not going to _ admissible evidence, then you're not going to getjustice admissible evidence, then you're not going to get justice through the court _ going to get justice through the court system. so going to getjustice through the court system-— going to getjustice through the court system. so can i ask you... just to make — court system. so can i ask you... just to make the _ court system. so can i ask you... just to make the point, - court system. so can i ask you... j just to make the point, therefore the records process that the governor— the records process that the governor is suggesting is an alternative witch, a less good witch, — alternative witch, a less good witch, i— alternative witch, a less good witch, i would have alternative witch, a less good witch, iwould have met, for some families, _ witch, iwould have met, for some families, to — witch, iwould have met, for some families, to get an understanding of what actually happened to their loved _ what actually happened to their loved ones. just what actually happened to their loved ones-— what actually happened to their loved ones. , , ., ., ,., loved ones. just another point, we did ask the — loved ones. just another point, we did ask the government _ loved ones. just another point, we did ask the government to - loved ones. just another point, we did ask the government to come i loved ones. just another point, we| did ask the government to come on but they declined. so, in terms of reconciliation and people coming

forward, would you expect british soldiers now to come forward and as it were admit involvement knowing that there is an immunity from prosecution?— that there is an immunity from rosecution? ~ , ., prosecution? well, the implication of our prosecution? well, the implication of your question _ prosecution? well, the implication of your question is _ prosecution? well, the implication of your question is that _ prosecution? well, the implication of your question is that a - prosecution? well, the implication of your question is that a large - of your question is that a large number— of your question is that a large number of— of your question is that a large number of soldiers conducted killings— number of soldiers conducted killings that were illegal. i did not say— killings that were illegal. i did not say large, i wasjust killings that were illegal. i did not say large, i was just saying if it is on— not say large, i was just saying if it is on all— not say large, i was just saying if it is on all sides, if it is paramilitaries and soldiers, given that incidents definitely did happen, would you expect them to take part _ happen, would you expect them to take part in a reconciliation process— take part in a reconciliation process as much as other elements of the troubles? i willjust turn it around — the troubles? i willjust turn it around the other way kirsty and say there _ around the other way kirsty and say there were — around the other way kirsty and say there were 772 british soldiers killed — there were 772 british soldiers killed in— there were 772 british soldiers killed in northern ireland, with the families— killed in northern ireland, with the families of— killed in northern ireland, with the families of the gunmen that killed them, _ families of the gunmen that killed them, would they be prepared to come forward? _ them, would they be prepared to come forward? that them, would they be prepared to come forward? . , them, would they be prepared to come forward? ., , , ., them, would they be prepared to come forward?_ this - forward? that is the question. this then cuts both _ forward? that is the question. this then cuts both ways. _ forward? that is the question. this then cuts both ways. it _ forward? that is the question. this then cuts both ways. it does - forward? that is the question. this i then cuts both ways. it does indeed, marianne elliott, _ then cuts both ways. it does indeed, marianne elliott, you _ then cuts both ways. it does indeed, marianne elliott, you were _ then cuts both ways. it does indeed, marianne elliott, you were involved. marianne elliott, you were involved in the peace process, do you think this will move things forward in northern ireland? people that were designing this built—up evidence from what happened in south africa.

i think this bill is deeply problematic. i think it is the reconciliation aspect of it i think is dressing up something that is very unpalatable. atrocities were committed by all sides. and we must not forget that the vast majority of killings the ira. the vast ma'ority of killings the ira. �* , , the vast ma'ority of killings the ira. ~ , , ., , ._ , ira. but this bill in many ways, --eole ira. but this bill in many ways, people could — ira. but this bill in many ways, people could legitimately - ira. but this bill in many ways, people could legitimately see l ira. but this bill in many ways, j people could legitimately see it ira. but this bill in many ways, i people could legitimately see it as a way out of prison for all the terrorists. it did start out with a

commitment by borisjohnson in 2019 in the elections to prevent vexatious prosecutions of veterans. and certainly there is a belief in some quarters in northern ireland that that is still the main part of this very controversial bill but you cannot underestimate the pain and the hurt that exists in northern ireland. it is a strange reconciliation if this bill has succeeded in bringing all the different parts of the political spectrum in northern ireland together, it is a very strange reconciliation. it also goes against the stormont house agreement that

was reiterated in the new deal in 2020. and all the terms of that, promised to take victims into account and human rights into account in whatever was done about the legacy of the travels and this controversial bill does not do that. richard dammit, if this has succeeded in uniting every previously worn party in northern ireland to think it is tenable that it will work if you do not have support from within the political structures in northern ireland and it feels imposed from without, how can it work?—

can it work? what will do is it. vexatious _ can it work? what will do is it. vexatious investigations i can it work? what will do is it. vexatious investigations into l vexatious investigations into veteran soldiers. there has been a very unlevel playing field when investigators have chosen to look into alleged deaths or murders or whatever, the army kept very close records of who was wearing and doing what and when. the ira did not, come at the uvf and uda did not sell it has been a very unfair first port of call service in asking them questions and that has been effectively fishing exercise. if this bill effectively stops that fishing exercise than that is some comfort for the veterans. the vast majority of soldiers did theirjob according to their duty and according to their duty and according to thejob in according to their duty and according to the job in the law. thank you very much. i'm afraid that we have run out of time. thank you all very much forjoining us tonight. the hotter—than—hot summer in europe and asia, the extreme temperatures, are notjust affecting people's ability to do theirjobs, causing discomfort and a danger to health and even life,

but economists are increasingly pointing to evidence that it is also having an affect on inflation as crops fail, wine grapes shrivel and vegetables dry. and it's got a name. climateflation. here's ben. a brutally hot summer for the planet and hot prices, too. is there a link? some grocery data today suggests uk food price inflation is starting to abate. yet there are warnings that the painful spike in food prices we've seen over the past year has been partially driven by global warming. some have termed it climateflation. it's an argument that global warming is already contributing to our cost of living pressures. what's the evidence for it? a big driver in the spike of global food prices last year was manifestly the russian invasion of ukraine, which curtailed exports of grain and fertiliser from the country, which is responsible for a large

chunk of global supplies of both. but the summer 2022 heat wave also led to drought across the continent and damaged crop yields. and this also likely had an upward impact on food prices. researchers at the european central bank recently analyzed the impact of the european heatwave on prices, carefully isolating its effect from the ukraine invasion. this shows their estimate of the impact of the heat wave on european food inflation in 2022, around 0.7 percentage points. that's out of food inflation that hit 20%, and they estimate that by 2035, in a high carbon emissions scenario, the contribution of such a summer to inflation would be higher. and in 2060, without emissions reductions, it would be higher still, possibly adding more than two percentage points to food inflation. and that has impacts on headline overall inflation. the researchers estimate that the heat waves added around 0.3 percentage points to headline european inflation

last year, by 2035, that's higher if emissions don't come down, and by 2060, such a heat wave could add one percentage point to overall inflation. now, that might not sound like a lot, but bear in mind that central banks have a target of 2%. so this would be accounting for around half of that. the main takeaway is that we're able to identify that historical increases in temperatures do in fact cause upwards pressures on inflation across different economies of the world, and in particular when we start to evaluate those impacts looking forward into the future what we find is that future global warming is going to cause persistent increases in prices, in particularfood prices, but also general prices. this does have implications for the uk. despite brexit, we are very much part of the wider european food system. just under half of the food consumed in the uk comes from abroad and around a quarter, 28%, you can see it there in pink comes from mainland europe.

recall that we felt the impact of this dependence during the winter when freak cold weather hit spain and north africa, contributing to the severe shortage of salad vegetables on uk supermarket shelves. it's sometimes implied that tackling climate change is divorced from everyday concerns that global warming is a long term problem, while inflation and rising bills are a problem for the here and now. but science and economics increasingly suggest a connection. joining us in the studio now is chef, entrepreneur and ceo of the social pantry, alex head. how concerned how concerned are how concerned are you about these stories? it how concerned are you about these stories? , ' . ., stories? it is difficult for the hospitality _ stories? it is difficult for the hospitality industry - stories? it is difficult for the hospitality industry who i stories? it is difficult for the | hospitality industry who have stories? it is difficult for the i hospitality industry who have faced endless challenges. we are facing food, energy prices. 50 endless challenges. we are facing food, energy prices.— endless challenges. we are facing food, energy prices. so things like tomatoes expect _ food, energy prices. so things like tomatoes expect to _ food, energy prices. so things like tomatoes expect to see _ food, energy prices. so things like tomatoes expect to see at - food, energy prices. so things like tomatoes expect to see at a i food, energy prices. so things like. tomatoes expect to see at a matter of some kind on every menu in the country. olive oil and so forth, how

is this going to change the style of cooking and what you can actually afford to put on the table for people? afford to put on the table for --eole? . , afford to put on the table for --eole? ., , ., , people? ultimately hospitality o erates people? ultimately hospitality operates within _ people? ultimately hospitality operates within small - people? ultimately hospitality operates within small marginsj people? ultimately hospitality i operates within small margins so there is a fine balance between passing the cost onto the customer and staying competitive and protecting your margin. you have to be very clever and for us it is all about sustainability and sourcing local and using british suppliers and taking the air miles out of it. sustainability is about using brilliant producers around us. so everything that is happening in europe is devastating but we make sure that our menu is reactive and flexible and using local british produce. 50 flexible and using local british roduce. , produce. so this may even boost food roduction produce. so this may even boost food production in — produce. so this may even boost food production in this _ produce. so this may even boost food production in this country? _ produce. so this may even boost food production in this country? when i production in this country? when there's a crisis _ production in this country? when there's a crisis like _ production in this country? when there's a crisis like this _ production in this country? when there's a crisis like this you i production in this country? when there's a crisis like this you do i there's a crisis like this you do not see it initially, but ultimately we need to be more clever and look at how we can reduce carbon

emissions and what small businesses and big businesses are doing to become more sustainable. we want people to choose to work with sustainable businesses so even if you have a small budget you can make a big difference. 50 you have a small budget you can make a big difference-— a big difference. so educate people about the restrictions _ a big difference. so educate people about the restrictions and - about the restrictions and opportunities of eating differently? climate change is not going away overnight so whether you make a personal choice in your household or you are a business we should all be accountable and we need to look at the bigger picture and bring it back. but as a caterer it is about keeping it local and seasonal and the best produce possible. than keeping it local and seasonal and the best produce possible. an end to our obsession _ the best produce possible. an end to our obsession with _ the best produce possible. an end to our obsession with the _ the best produce possible. an end to our obsession with the avocado! i our obsession with the avocado! definitely. how would it work because some restaurants are going to still be importing it now costs more, will theyjust send that onto the customer? i more, will they “ust send that onto the customer?— more, will they “ust send that onto the customer? i think that the cost of livin: the customer? i think that the cost of living crisis _ the customer? i think that the cost of living crisis people _ the customer? i think that the cost of living crisis people are _ the customer? i think that the cost of living crisis people are price i of living crisis people are price sensitive in choosing where to spend

their money, people may eat out may be just once a month rather than twice and they will choose carefully as you want them to. you want them to choose people that support local producers so has the power and if they choose carefully hopefully they will work with sustainable restaurants and businesses and that will keep the incentive for big and small companies to operate sustainable.— small companies to operate sustainable. �* , ., ., , small companies to operate sustainable. �* ., sustainable. and everyone has to chance sustainable. and everyone has to change their _ sustainable. and everyone has to change their palette! _ sustainable. and everyone has to change their palette! but - sustainable. and everyone has to change their palette! but there i sustainable. and everyone has toj change their palette! but there is some great _ change their palette! but there is some great british _ change their palette! but there is some great british produce. i change their palette! but there is | some great british produce. more kale? definitely, there are incredible uk farmers that we need to support. incredible uk farmers that we need to su ort. . ., incredible uk farmers that we need to su ort. . ~ i. still to come. we're in alexander palace today in the old bbc studios, where the quatermass experiment was first broadcast 70 years ago tonight. what did it do to them?! heat, of the metaphorical kind, is on rishi sunak this week, in the form of three by—elections

on thursday which will provide a major test of his authority. each one is in a tory—held seat and all of them are as a result of their mps exiting the commons. nick has already brought us the story of uxbridge and south ruislip, borisjohnson's seat, and selby and ainsty, and he rounds off the trio with a visit today to the west country seat of somerton and frome. the gentle, but competitive pace of an english summer. a time to unwind. a time for a tipple. but also a time to speak. voters in this west country idyll will take their place on the national stage later this week, a by—election in a seat with a thumping conservative majority, an area of affluence, but also an area where not all streets are paved with gold. and a contest presenting peril for the conservatives and opportunity for their challenger.

this is the west country, and a parliamentary seat that used to vote liberal democrat. and then came the coalition, and punishment from the electorate. the lib dems were wiped out in this part of the world in 2015. since then, they've been slowly clawing their way back and they hope this by—election will provide a chance to make progress on that front. for the conservatives, they're saying, of course, this by election is difficult for a governing party, but their message is it ain't over for them in the west country. ed davey, why are you standing next to two horses? because our horse has got his head in the front. it's going to be a photo finish and it could be too close to call. a photo op to illustrate the lib dem message. this is a two horse race, with a chance to claim back old territory. well, certainly we did have a really good mp here between �*97 and 2015 and obviously we won control

of somerset council last year at the local elections. we've now got 61 of the 110 councillors making us the biggest group of liberal democrat councillors in the country, but also the local elections this year. we had some great results in our contiguous neighbours in devon and throughout the country, so we're doing really, really well. so i think people are putting faith in the liberal democrats and they know if they vote liberal democrat they're going to get a hard working local champion. pacing the streets and spreading the word. the conservative candidate out in the sunshine and acknowledging a difficult backdrop. well, i think when we look around the world, there are economic pressures and many people i know are feeling the pinch at the moment. and, you know, we were all grateful for the money that we had over the winter for the fuel bills, but those prices are coming down. i was really pleased my direct debit has finally come down for my fuel bills and the plan is working. what we're doing with banks around mortgages and making sure that

people have got access to those interest free options, the holidays and things like that, to ease that pressure while the plan is working through, i think is really essential and certainly something that i know many people will be glad to be able to take advantage of. market day, a choice for voters and a west country academic says that success here for the lib dems would mark significant progress after recent by—election wins. it's not as liberal, i don't think, as somewhere like chesham and amersham was. it doesn't have the high, very high proportion of graduates that some of those seats have. it's closer to the national average. so in some respects it's the lib dems going back to the kind of old heartlands that they had pre coalition and pre brexit. it's not one of the kind of highly educated, remain leaning seats that they were targeting in 2019. my name is neil guild. i'm the labour party candidate in the somerton by—election. a soldier. name recognition.

an army veteran carrying the labour banner says don't write us off. there is a historic labour vote that exists in places like this. frome town council was previously being run by the labour party. but we're making the case that the labour party is the only party that can offer the country the change it needs. you can vote for another party in this constituency, however, you need another labour mp in the house of commons who will work with the rest of the parliamentary labour party to send that message to rishi sunak that his time is up. that he needs to call a general election now, stand aside and let labour form the next government. the greens highlight a key challenge for locals. i think one of the major issues here is to do with housing because this town has become quite trendy and it's getting in all the supplements, but it doesn't have enough housing and the housing stock needs to be expanded. we've got young people in the town who can't afford to live here any more because too many people are moving in from london and from bristol, young professionals. so we need to get building in the right place and the right

affordability and more social housing here without destroying the environment, which, of course, is the great compromise. a local stalwart of the reform party standing in after the candidate was unavailable to appear on newsnight sees a chance to shake up established parties. it's a by—election. please lend your vote. lend your vote to the reform party, because reform is what this country needs, whether it's westminster, the political system, the banking system, the establishment, and the way things are run. what works currently, it really does need reform. a by—election is a chance to protest. send your thoughts through a vote for the reform party to westminster. nearly time to pull stumps. decision time is approaching in this rural corner of england, where the result may reverberate across the land.

you can see the full list of candidates on your screen now. for more information please go the bbc website. tonight marks a very special moment in the history of british television and science fiction. exactly 70 years ago, the first episode of the quatermass experiment aired on the bbc, the only television service in the uk at the time. written by nigel kneale and produced by rudolph cartier, the serial gripped the nation with imaginative storytelling and bold, inventive production techniques. tv sequels and film adaptations followed. the rest, as they say, is history, with a host of science fiction programmes for ever in the debt of the quatermass serials. in a moment, i'll be speaking to quatermass historian the writer and performer toby haydoke. first let's travel back in time.

1953, the queen's coronation at westminster abbey. but there was another important visitor to the abbey that year. the quatermass experiment was a british tv first, so bold in scope and ambition that the still—stuffy bbc television service had to be catapulted into this new world of rockets and alien menaces. what did it do to them? in this first serial, an astronaut returns to earth possessed by an alien parasite and mutates into a creature that the bbc had no idea how to make. so writer nigel kneale had to come up with something himself. this is the original special effect made by my father. my mother sat with her hands in a pair of gardening gloves. you can still see the cuff there. and my dad stuck all sorts of bits of leather and tendrils and made it into a creature which they then put

in a photo of the westminster abbey. and my dad sat behind it with two holes with his hands through waggling them so that the tendrils all became terrifying. alas, there is no footage of the monster in action. the ability to record programmes was still in its infancy — a film camera pointed at a tv monitor. was it something in the rocket that changed? an insect managed to insert itself between the two during one of the quatermass episodes, arguably deserving a place on the cast list. efforts to record the output were abandoned after the first two episodes. the rest of the series could only be seen live. you'll be able to see the next - episode of the quatermass experiment next saturday evening at a quarter to nine. l those live performances came from here. we're in alexandra palace today in the old bbc studios

where the quatermass experiment was first broadcast 70 years ago tonight. the idea that that live serial was done in these two rooms, including the front of a house and a crashed rocket, is amazing. this morning, actor and writer mark gatiss was promoting a live reading of the original scripts in which he'll be playing professor quatermass this september. i've lived and breathed the quatermass serials for a very long time. to finally play the professor, i think, is a great honour. victor, what happened? it's the beginning of popular television and quatermass got people interested in its possibilities, i think. it's an incredibly ambitious live serial. before we begin the fourth episode of quatermass 2, i we'd like to say that in our opinion it is not suitable for children- or for those of you who may have a nervous disposition. |

a second serial was made in 1955. this time the alien invaders were already among us. the demons. the series reached new heights at the end of the decade with quatermass and the pit, a stunning production for its time with the added benefit of audio effects from the new radiophonic workshop. it's got an indefinable magic to it, and also nigel kneale's touch of genius. he was the hg wells of his time, i think. we may not have recordings of the whole of that first series, but the quatermass experiment lives on through the sci—fi tales it inspired and through a pair of gardening gloves that once terrified the nation. i'm joined now by the actor and writer toby hadoke, whose book about the quatermass experiment is being published later this year. he's also part of the cast led by mark gatiss who'll be performing those quatermass scripts at alexandra palace in september.

good evening, thank you forjoining us. i mean it was extraordinary, pioneering television, wasn't it? i mean, nigel kneale practically invented television drama as we know it. because at the time it was like film theatre, casts from west end plays would sometimes go to ally pally on a sunday and take a bow and it was three very heavy cameras on a flat picture, and what they did was, they crashed a spaceship and did very fast, for the time, fast moving and terrifying as well, because it was embedded in the time. 1953 was an optimistic year, the coronation had just happened, westminster abbey had just happened, westminster abbey had been on television, everybody got a television to watch had been on television, everybody got a television to watch westminster abbey, the next time westminster abbey, the next time they saw westminster abbey on they saw westminster abbey on television it was being taken over television it was being taken over by an alien. everest had just been by an alien. everest had just been conquered, and nigel kneale went, i conquered, and nigel kneale went, i am going to shake this up a little am going to shake this up a little bit and terrify everyone. to bit and terrify everyone. to am going to shake this up a little bit and terrify everyone.- bit and terrify everyone. to think that it was _ am going to shake this up a little bit and terrify everyone.- bit and terrify everyone. to think that it was _ bit and terrify everyone. to think that it was live _ bit and terrify everyone. to think that it was live and _ bit and terrify everyone. to think bit and terrify everyone. to think that it was live _ bit and terrify everyone. to think that it was live and _ bit and terrify everyone. to think that it was live and a _ bit and terrify everyone. to think that it was live and a lot - bit and terrify everyone. to think that it was live and a lot of i bit and terrify everyone. to think that it was live and a lot of it i bit and terrify everyone. to think that it was live and a _ bit and terrify everyone. to think that it was live and a lot - bit and terrify everyone. to think that it was live and a lot of i bit and terrify everyone. to think that it was live and a lot of it i bit and terrify everyone. to think

that it was live and a lot of it hasj that it was live and a lot of it has never been recorded, a lot of it was that it was live and a lot of it hasj that it was live and a lot of it has never been recorded, a lot of it was actually live on television, so actually live on television, so complex?— complex?— actually live on television, so complex? actually live on television, so comlex? , ., complex? the last episode of the quatermass _ complex? the last episode of the quatermass experiement, - complex? the last episode of the actually live on television, so complex? actually live on television, so comlex? , ., complex? the last episode of the quatermass _ complex? the last episode of the quatermass experiement, - complex? the last episode of the quatermass experiement, the i complex? the last episode of the i quatermass experiement, the monster is seen on television within the quatermass experiement, the i complex? the last episode of the i quatermass experiement, the monster is seen on television within the drama, they are making a documentary drama, they are making a documentary about westminster abbey, they see about westminster abbey, they see the monster, it is broadcast of the the monster, it is broadcast of the nation, it scares them. and so in nation, it scares them. and so in that episode there is a sort of that episode there is a sort of breakdown thing put up in the nation breakdown thing put up in the nation gets scared but then within the gets scared but then within the broadcast the microphone broke down broadcast the microphone broke down and the transmission of the episode and the transmission of the episode had to be halted and a breakdown had to be halted and a breakdown card was put up, so it was meta card was put up, so it was meta before we knew of such a thing. each series had a — before we knew of such a thing. each series had a big _ before we knew of such a thing. each series had a big science—fiction idea? series had a big science-fiction idea? ., , , ., ., idea? you see television, and storytelling. _ idea? you see television, and storytelling, develop - idea? you see television, and storytelling, develop very i idea? you see television, and i storytelling, develop very quickly between 1953 and 1959. the first one there is a spaceship which goes up with three men and comes back with one, he has been infested. in the film, theyjust electrocute him, in the tv version, quatermass appeals to the humanity within the creature,

so it is a quasi religious everybody