hello, i'm lewis vaughanjones. you're watching the context on bbc news. the group here will be critical in shepherding that innovation for responsible to them safety by design to earn the trust of americans. raising the issue, trying to lead on it but again, it isjust the white house with biden saying he is ready to take executive action because it might be some time before congress gets to it. what's coming out of the white house is a set of commitments _ of the companies saying - they are willing to mark their own exam papers and set the exam themselves and will decide - the morning of the exam - if they even want to show up. hello, welcome to the programme. we are going to start with that topic

of artificial intelligence. present joe biden speaking in the last few i was talking about an agreement he has come to with seven big tech firms there in the us. what they have agreed is some voluntary guidelines to try and protect people from some of the threats when it comes to ai. so, what are some of those threats? they are looking at digital watermarks, those threats? they are looking at digitalwatermarks, meaning those threats? they are looking at digital watermarks, meaning when content is produced by ai, it is clearly labelled so people know that thatis clearly labelled so people know that that is what to expect, that it hasn't been made by a human being in any way. so, potential guidelines being produced, but big international regulation, that is still the overall goal and still some way off at the moment. let's first take a listen to whatjoe biden said.

we'll see more technology change in the next ten years, or even in the next few years, than we've seen in the last 50 years. that has been an astounding revelation to me, quite frankly. artificial intelligence is going to transform the lives of people around the world. the group here will be critical in shepherding that innovation with responsibility and safety by design to earn the trust of americans. and, quite frankly, as i met with world leaders, all of the g7 is focused on the same thing. social media has shown us the harm that powerful technology can do without the right safeguards in place. and i've said at the state of the union that congress needs to pass bipartisan legislation, impose strict limits on personal data collection, ban targeted advertisements to kids, require companies to put health and safety first. but we must be clear—eyed and vigilant about the threats emerging technologies that can pose — don't have to, but can pose — to our democracy and our values.

earlier i spoke to professor gina neff from the minderoo centre for technology and democracy at the university of cambridge. they are trying to do something, as the correspondent said, by executive action and really possibly volunteering commitments are the best they will be able to do in this political environment but it doesn't go far enough for what we need. so what do we need then? well, here in the uk we have sets of legislation in place, sets of research in place and a growing responsible ai ecosystem and the uk is positioning itself to be the place for responsible ai, design, development, research and those pieces can be in place if we have the right tools, we have the right commitment and policy change and public engagement involved

around these questions. what we have now come out of the white house is a set of commitments of the companies are saying they are willing to mark their own exam papers, and willing to sit the exam themselves and decide the morning of the exams if they want to shop. so it simply doesn't go far enough in terms of giving public assurance the kinds of things we need to have in place and the kinds of ai that we are already using today. thanks to her for speaking to thanks to herfor speaking to me thanks to her for speaking to me a little earlier. this is the context and we do have our panel standing by who are going to be with me for the next hour or so, picking through the stories. journalist and broadcaster jenny kleeman is one and steve hank is the other. hello to you both. jenny, can we come to you first. just for these immediate thoughts on

joe biden�*s comments on al? he is clearly trying to get ahead of some of the threats here, what did you make of what he said?— make of what he said? these voluntary _ make of what he said? these voluntary guidelines - make of what he said? these voluntary guidelines have - make of what he said? these voluntary guidelines have to l make of what he said? these l voluntary guidelines have to be make of what he said? these - voluntary guidelines have to be the tip of the iceberg, the idea of putting watermarks on things so that users can know they have been generated by ai, this doesn't even go close to addressing the potential problems of the rapid learning of automated systems. ai is completed with one another, this ai arms race. it is important that people know if an essay has been written by an artificial intelligence, if something is a deep ache, we are in a situation now where ai that can be producing medicines could also be producing medicines could also be producing bio weapons. we have ais that could be influencing elections, we need to have guidelines on what happens if you ask on al, who is better on the economy? which party shall i vote for? we have no regulations like that at all. we have to think about our overreliance on autonomous systems that could let us down. what happens if we cut loads ofjobs, replace those jobs

with al and then they fail us? these are really big questions that we do need to be asking in a much bigger way. we've done it with biotechnology, biotechnology companies can't just biotechnology, biotechnology companies can'tjust produce companies can't just produce anything companies can'tjust produce anything they want, experiment on foetuses, grow anything. can'tjust create anything they like and unleash it on the world, we need to be able to put these guardrails in but the problem is that for 20 years, big tech companies have pretty much got used to doing whatever they like without really any regulation at all. so, any initial incursions into what they do have to be voluntary. this is a start, but it doesn't go far enough. 0n start, but it doesn't go far enough. on that, social media can please may have been slow when it comes to regulation but the messaging seems to have been for the last few years that they want regulation, they want that they want regulation, they want that framework and here it seems like they are trying to start that? i don't think they necessarily want that framework, certainly not without product. if they wanted any free—market or they will be making

sure that there are things they can put in for young people where they can make sure that children can't access harmful content on these sites. they have been quite reluctant to do that unless they are very much pushed to do so. many leading figures have been calling for some kind of regulation on al, but these are companies that have prospered through a lack of regulation, so are you need a lot more than a voluntary code and watermarks for us to be making a big difference. . ,. ., ,, ., ~ difference. fascinating, steve hanke lets come to — difference. fascinating, steve hanke lets come to you. _ difference. fascinating, steve hanke lets come to you. your— difference. fascinating, steve hanke lets come to you. your thoughts - difference. fascinating, steve hanke lets come to you. your thoughts on | lets come to you. your thoughts on these big tech companies working with the white house to try and come up with the white house to try and come up with some kind of voluntary code here? ~ , ,., , here? well, the first point is, regulation — here? well, the first point is, regulation versus _ here? well, the first point is, i regulation versus non-regulation here? well, the first point is, - regulation versus non-regulation is regulation versus non—regulation is really— regulation versus non—regulation is really not _ regulation versus non—regulation is really not the issue. what they really — really not the issue. what they really want are pretty clear rules. rules _ really want are pretty clear rules. rules of — really want are pretty clear rules. rules of the road. and we clearly don't _ rules of the road. and we clearly don't have —

rules of the road. and we clearly don't have those yet in artificial intelligence. the problem is very few know — intelligence. the problem is very few know much about it and even fewer _ few know much about it and even fewer know where it might lead us. so, fewer know where it might lead us. so. i_ fewer know where it might lead us. so. i think— fewer know where it might lead us. so, i think we have to have a very open _ so, i think we have to have a very open debate, a lot of transparent reporting — open debate, a lot of transparent reporting. but the problem is, if history— reporting. but the problem is, if history is— reporting. but the problem is, if history is a — reporting. but the problem is, if history is a guide, we are not going to see _ history is a guide, we are not going to see that— history is a guide, we are not going to see that coming from the government, the us government. the euro ean government, the us government. tie: european union has government, the us government. ti2 european union has made a start here and we heard from joe biden that his aspiration is that the us plays a leading role in this bid to get international guidelines and international guidelines and international frameworks. international guidelines and internationalframeworks. i'm not international frameworks. i'm not particularly internationalframeworks. i'm not particularly optimistic about that? it's a pipe dream. the us, of course, — it's a pipe dream. the us, of course, is _ it's a pipe dream. the us, of course, is the power and it wants to run the _ course, is the power and it wants to run the show — course, is the power and it wants to run the show. that is what the speech— run the show. that is what the speech was all about, he is trying to get— speech was all about, he is trying to get in— speech was all about, he is trying

to get in there so he can run the global— to get in there so he can run the global apparatus, to get in there so he can run the globalapparatus, he to get in there so he can run the global apparatus, he can set, that means— global apparatus, he can set, that means the — global apparatus, he can set, that means the us, sets the international rules _ means the us, sets the international rules that's— means the us, sets the international rules. that's what the whole thing is about — rules. that's what the whole thing is about. it's the imperial power flexing — is about. it's the imperial power flexing its— is about. it's the imperial power flexing its muscle.— is about. it's the imperial power flexing its muscle. fascinating to net our flexing its muscle. fascinating to get your thoughts, _ flexing its muscle. fascinating to get your thoughts, both, - flexing its muscle. fascinating to get your thoughts, both, stay - flexing its muscle. fascinating to | get your thoughts, both, stay with us because we are going to come straight back to you pretty quickly actually because we are going to stay in the us. staying in the us, there's now a date for donald trump's trial over alleged mishandling of classified documents. the judge wants the trial to start in may next year. so, let's go back to our panel. jenny, what do you make of the timing of this court case? i think that donald _ timing of this court case? i think that donald trump _ timing of this court case? i think that donald trump has _ timing of this court case? i think that donald trump has faced - timing of this court case? i think that donald trump has faced sol timing of this court case? i think - that donald trump has faced so many enormous charges that its either... we were hearing only on tuesday that he is likely to be indicted for his role in the january six insurrection, we know that he faced

several charges over allegations of sexual assault, several charges over allegations of sexualassault, he several charges over allegations of sexual assault, he was found guilty in that case. it is charge after charge after charge. there is no timing that is good for donald trump but there is also no timing that seems to be bad. he is way ahead in the polls, way ahead is the frontrunner in the republican nomination, so, you know, ifeel a bit disappointed that it seems that we are going to be having a rerun of the last american presidential election. but he feels untouchable at the moment and i think any allegation like this, they are not going to harm him because he's already got this far having weathered so much. . . ~' ., weathered so much. steve hanke, what do ou weathered so much. steve hanke, what do you make — weathered so much. steve hanke, what do you make of — weathered so much. steve hanke, what do you make of the _ weathered so much. steve hanke, what do you make of the time _ weathered so much. steve hanke, what do you make of the time out _ weathered so much. steve hanke, what do you make of the time out of - weathered so much. steve hanke, what do you make of the time out of this - do you make of the time out of this court case? i do you make of the time out of this court case?— do you make of the time out of this court case? i agree completely with jenn . court case? i agree completely with jenny- they — court case? i agree completely with jenny- they are _ court case? i agree completely with jenny. they are going _ court case? i agree completely with jenny. they are going to _ court case? i agree completely with jenny. they are going to try - court case? i agree completely with jenny. they are going to try and - court case? i agree completely with jenny. they are going to try and do | jenny. they are going to try and do everything — jenny. they are going to try and do everything under the sun to get the luy everything under the sun to get the guy behind bars, orat everything under the sun to get the guy behind bars, or at least in the middle _ guy behind bars, or at least in the middle of— guy behind bars, or at least in the middle of a — guy behind bars, or at least in the middle of a courtroom, before the election— middle of a courtroom, before the election but he seems to be at least on the _ election but he seems to be at least on the republican side, pretty much untouchable no matter what he does,

what stupidity happens to come out of the _ what stupidity happens to come out of the thing. the only political figure — of the thing. the only political figure in— of the thing. the only political figure in the world that is facing more _ figure in the world that is facing more charges than him is imran khan of pakistan — more charges than him is imran khan of pakistan. he is going to court every— of pakistan. he is going to court every single day, he has approaching 200 phony— every single day, he has approaching 200 phony cases against him. that seems _ 200 phony cases against him. that seems to— 200 phony cases against him. that seems to be the modus operandi of the political world in every place. that even — the political world in every place. that even the big countries like the us are _ that even the big countries like the us are taking up this banana republic approach to politics and, you know. — republic approach to politics and, you know, if you can't get them at the polls. — you know, if you can't get them at the polls, get them in court. we will be the polls, get them in court. 2 will be coming back to us politics, no doubt. right now i want to switch to uk politics and the covid inquiry. technical experts have recovered all relevant messages from borisjohnson's old phone that he had been advised not to use on security grounds and he will hand them over "unredacted" to the coronavirus inquiry,

a spokesperson for the ex—prime minister has said. 0ur political correspondent damian grammaticas has been explaining the significance of the whatsapp messages. it was a period when the government was grappling with the origins of the pandemic, what to do at the start of it, then the first wave, second wave, and even deferred. second wave, and even the third. three lockdowns, this period covers. what the inquiry wants to see on that are the whatsapp messages sent between about two dozen senior government figures. there was a whatsapp group where they could exchange messages and message each other individually. mrjohnson, as prime minister, it included him, his chancellor rishi sunak, health secretary at the time, senior health advisers, senior civil servants, and all of those messages will give an insight into what was going on at the heart of government. now, this phone number, borisjohnson had had it for years and when that fact came out

and it was realised that this number been public, the security advisers said to him in 2021, "you have to put this aside and not use it." it had been locked away, now they've been able to recover it and he says he will hand over. there has also been a separate legal change by the government but that was defeated. the important is this will be passed over and the inquiry will get an insight into those really crucial moments in the pandemic. thanks to damien for that. let's bring our panel back in, jenny kleeman journalist bring our panel back in, jenny kleemanjournalist and bring our panel back in, jenny kleeman journalist and broadcaster to you first. what do you make of the unredacted nature of the whatsapp messages that are going to be handed over now? riff whatsapp messages that are going to be handed over now?— be handed over now? of course they should be handed _ be handed over now? of course they should be handed over. _ be handed over now? of course they should be handed over. i _ be handed over now? of course they should be handed over. i think- be handed over now? of course they should be handed over. i think if- be handed over now? of course they should be handed over. i think if i i should be handed over. i think if i was a member of the cabinet or any kind of politician in a time of national crisis when we were asked to stay—at—home, to give up our freedom, i would assume that everybody involved in the

decision—making process would be expecting their work to be under the greatest amount of scrutiny and the amount that both the government and borisjohnson appears to have resisted handing over these messages astonishes me and i think it makes the country a lots more interested in the granular detail of what was in the granular detail of what was in those messages. they have to trust the inquiry that the inquiry is not going to make public anything other than what is relevant to the inquiry and i trust that that will be the case. but it astonishes me the idea that anyone who was sending messages on whatsapp in government at the time was under any illusion that those messages wouldn't become public one day. that those messages wouldn't become public one day-— public one day. interesting. steve hanke, renowned _ public one day. interesting. steve hanke, renowned economist - public one day. interesting. steve hanke, renowned economist in i public one day. interesting. steve | hanke, renowned economist in the public one day. interesting. steve - hanke, renowned economist in the us. the covid inquiry in the uk is getting under way, other countries a bit further down the line on it. what you make of it?- bit further down the line on it. what you make of it? well, it turns out the institute _ what you make of it? well, it turns out the institute for _ what you make of it? well, it turns out the institute for economic - out the institute for economic affairs— out the institute for economic affairs in— out the institute for economic affairs in londonjust published my

book, _ affairs in londonjust published my book. did — affairs in londonjust published my book, did not dance work? the conclusion— book, did not dance work? the conclusion was locked downs were a complete _ conclusion was locked downs were a complete disaster and i don't think the inquiry— complete disaster and i don't think the inquiry is getting at the thing at alt _ the inquiry is getting at the thing at alt we — the inquiry is getting at the thing at all. we had the imperial college of london — at all. we had the imperial college of london coming down with fantasy numbers— of london coming down with fantasy numbers at— of london coming down with fantasy numbers at 450,000 people would die if they— numbers at 450,000 people would die if they didn't lockdown. the government deemed immediately lockdown and, of course, we had matt hancock— lockdown and, of course, we had matt hancock spreading fear. if you are going _ hancock spreading fear. if you are going to _ hancock spreading fear. if you are going to lock everybody down you are --oin going to lock everybody down you are going to _ going to lock everybody down you are going to scare the pants off. they have _ going to scare the pants off. they have the — going to scare the pants off. they have the fear machine going and they also spread _ have the fear machine going and they also spread a lot of lies about things— also spread a lot of lies about things and that was the counter disinformation unit that they set up for the _ disinformation unit that they set up for the government and at the end of the day, _ for the government and at the end of the day, our— for the government and at the end of the day, our studies show that only about— the day, our studies show that only about 1700 — the day, our studies show that only about 1700 to 6000 lives were saved by the _

about 1700 to 6000 lives were saved by the lockdown and to put that in context. _ by the lockdown and to put that in context, lewis, every year, if the flu season — context, lewis, every year, if the flu season takes about 18,500 to 24,800 — flu season takes about 18,500 to 24,800 lives in the uk. the policy was a _ 24,800 lives in the uk. the policy was a complete botchjob 24,800 lives in the uk. the policy was a complete botch job and 24,800 lives in the uk. the policy was a complete botchjob and i don't think the _ was a complete botchjob and i don't think the inquiry is ever going to -et think the inquiry is ever going to get to— think the inquiry is ever going to get to it. — think the inquiry is ever going to get to it, the bottom of it. we will see what the _ get to it, the bottom of it. we will see what the inquiry _ get to it, the bottom of it. we will see what the inquiry does - get to it, the bottom of it. we will see what the inquiry does get - get to it, the bottom of it. we will see what the inquiry does get to l get to it, the bottom of it. we will. see what the inquiry does get to and what conclusions it reaches. i think the government will take issue with the government will take issue with the disinformation but i'm sure they would push back on that. as for the inquiry, we will wait and see. the panel, great to have your thoughts on that, thank you very much. back with them injust on that, thank you very much. back with them in just a moment. around the world and across the uk. this is bbc news. let's look at some of the other stories making headlines today. transport unions have called off next week's strikes on the london underground, after last minute talks. members from the rmt, unite and aslef were all set to walk out on several days between the 23rd and 28th ofjuly. but union leders said that

transport for london had made significant concessions on jobs cut and pensions. the government borrowed less than expected injune, helped by higher tax receipts and a big drop in debt interest payments. that's £400 million lower than lastjune and below predictions by the government's independent forecaster. but the office for national statistics said borrowing is still the third highest forjune on record. members of a head teachers�* union in england have accepted a 6.5% pay rise for teachers. the association of school and college leaders — or ascl — was one of four teaching unions considering strike action. leaders of all four unions have recommended their members accept the pay offer. you're live with bbc news. india's decision to ban non—basmati white rice exports. some dealers say traders will cancel

contracts to sell around a billion dollars worth of grain on the world market. india accounts for 40% of world rice exports has ordered a halt to its largest rice export category to calm domestic prices. they've climbed to multi—year highs in recent weeks as erratic weather threatens production. kona haque from ed&f man, a specialist merchant of agricultural commodities, trading specifically in sugar, molasses and coffeejoins me. thank you very much for coming on the programme. what do you make... what is your assessment of this move by india? it what is your assessment of this move b india? , ,., . by india? it is quite impactful because what _ by india? it is quite impactful because what is _ by india? it is quite impactful because what is happening i by india? it is quite impactful because what is happening is| by india? it is quite impactful. because what is happening is it comes at a time when food inflation is pretty high generally across the world and, as you know, we've also got a situation in russia and ukraine where the crane corridor means a lot of the harvested wheat is also not coming out the weight

should be. you've suddenly got a situation where rice, which is the food staple for half of the world's population, and grains which is coming out from the european black sea, are both looking at massive supply—side risks. unfortunately, the inevitable upshot of this is that prices go up and this is a big risk to food inflation just at a time where we were hoping to see prices come off a bit.— prices come off a bit. your assessment _ prices come off a bit. your assessment in _ prices come off a bit. your assessment in where - prices come off a bit. your assessment in where we i prices come off a bit. your i assessment in where we are prices come off a bit. your - assessment in where we are going prices come off a bit. your assessment in where we are going to be in three months, six months, nine months�* time? it�*s be in three months, six months, nine months' time?— months' time? it's always tricky, my fear is that — months' time? it's always tricky, my fear is that right _ months' time? it's always tricky, my fear is that right now _ months' time? it's always tricky, my fear is that right now in _ months' time? it's always tricky, my fear is that right now in india - fear is that right now in india they�*ve been suffering from a monsoon that has been quite late and very uneven. so, they are going to want to see their domestic prices come quite sharply down before they even consider getting rid of this ban and allowing their exports of rice to come out more freely. i think that�*s could be three months or six months, ominously we don�*t know. let�*s say it is three months optimistically, but then you have to

go the other side of the world and see what is happening in the black sea and russia and ukraine. there is a political spin on the grain prices there because we know now that russia has become out of the grains corridor that was broken by the united nations and turkey, there is going to be potential military conflicts which will impact shipments out of that region, just as they are about to harvest another record crop. so, the supply is there for grain, it isjust not coming out whereas on the other hand, for indian rice, the crops are generally tight because even thailand, the second largest exporter after india, are suffering from a small crop. interesting. what are the moves and levers that can be pulled in india to try and help the situation here? i think for india it is a wait and see game. india really isjust going to be guided by how domestic food prices are going, in particular the rice price. now that they have put a

ban on exports, hopefully there should be more for supply internally. in theory, therefore, domestic indian rice prices should start coming down. then they are going to want to see how the recent monsoons are doing in terms of plantations and the prospects for the next rice crop. if they feel comfortable that the crop is going to be big and big enough to replenish stocks for the next season, then they are going to say, ok, panic over, we can resume as 0k, panic over, we can resume as normal, we can let the rice exports continue and everything should be normalised. it is a bit concerning, the yield side of things.— normalised. it is a bit concerning, the yield side of things. thank you very much. _ the yield side of things. thank you very much, kona. _ the yield side of things. thank you very much, kona. we _ the yield side of things. thank you very much, kona. we really - very much, kona. we really appreciate your time. we are going to bring the panel back in now, lets up to bring the panel back in now, lets up with steve hanke, what is your assessment of this situation? first of all, i assessment of this situation? first of all. i thought — assessment of this situation? first of all, i thought your _ assessment of this situation? first of all, i thought your guest did a nice summary of the situation. the real problem with bands —— mike bans

on agricultural products always lead to higher. _ on agricultural products always lead to higher, not lower prices. if you want _ to higher, not lower prices. if you want lower— to higher, not lower prices. if you want lower prices, you have to have free trade _ want lower prices, you have to have free trade and including the situation that is going on in ukraine _ situation that is going on in ukraine right now, the black sea, the best— ukraine right now, the black sea, the best and most powerful argument for a peace _ the best and most powerful argument for a peace deal is free trade because _ for a peace deal is free trade because the number one exporter of wheat— because the number one exporter of wheat in— because the number one exporter of wheat in the world before the war was russia — wheat in the world before the war was russia and the number five exporter— was russia and the number five exporter of wheat in the world was ukraine _ exporter of wheat in the world was ukraine. so, they produce a lot of grain— ukraine. so, they produce a lot of grain thanks to huge privatisation and the _ grain thanks to huge privatisation and the fact that they got rid of... free _ and the fact that they got rid of... free trade — and the fact that they got rid of... free trade is — and the fact that they got rid of... free trade is really the answer. unfortunately, i think geopolitically, the world is really in a sanctions frenzy which includes bands _ in a sanctions frenzy which includes bands they— in a sanctions frenzy which includes bands. they are moving away from free trade — bands. they are moving away from free trade all the time. this fits

in the _ free trade all the time. this fits in the general pattern of political interference in trade, one way or another~ — interference in trade, one way or another. ., , ,., interference in trade, one way or another. ., , ., ~ , ., ., another. professor, thank you for that. jenny. _ another. professor, thank you for that. jenny, there _ another. professor, thank you for that. jenny, there are _ another. professor, thank you for that. jenny, there are so - another. professor, thank you for that. jenny, there are so many i that. jenny, there are so many angles here. the global trade, the politics of it, the climate change element, it raises so many issues. absolutely, and in the middle are ordinary people, half the world whose staple carbohydrate is rice and the other half whose staple is wheat and food prices are high enough without geopolitics and climate change getting in the way. this is going to, of course, prolong inflationary pressures worldwide. it is going to make it harderfor rishi sunak here in the uk was made so many promises but we know that poor people spend the greatest proportion of their budget on food. you can�*t avoid eating, you can�*t avoid eating staple foods. so, this is really worrying. this morning when i first heard the news about india, i went to look on my online shop to see if i could buy rice and it seems that lots of people had already thought about that because it had already

sold out. incredibly worrying and i think everybody is thinking, when things are going to start to get better? when is this all going to stop biting us so hard?— stop biting us so hard? indeed. professor. _ stop biting us so hard? indeed. professor, coming _ stop biting us so hard? indeed. professor, coming back- stop biting us so hard? indeed. professor, coming back to - stop biting us so hard? indeed. professor, coming back to you, j stop biting us so hard? indeed. - professor, coming back to you, you were talking about the importance of open trade and free trade fundamentally but when you have an acute crisis like this, can you blame the government for trying to pull what levers it can?— pull what levers it can? well, arain, pull what levers it can? well, again. it's — pull what levers it can? well, again. it's a _ pull what levers it can? well, again, it's a little _ pull what levers it can? well, again, it's a little bit - pull what levers it can? well, again, it's a little bit like - pull what levers it can? well, again, it's a little bit like the | again, it's a little bit like the covid — again, it's a little bit like the covid thing. the main thing is that they panic. — covid thing. the main thing is that they panic, they spread fear and the fear is _ they panic, they spread fear and the fear is what — they panic, they spread fear and the fear is whatjustifies they panic, they spread fear and the fear is what justifies their government policy. it's a little bit like thomas hobbes, the main engine hobbes— like thomas hobbes, the main engine hobbes indicated was critical, you had to— hobbes indicated was critical, you had to spread fear if you want to -et had to spread fear if you want to get a _ had to spread fear if you want to get a mass — had to spread fear if you want to get a mass power and govern policy. that is _ get a mass power and govern policy. that is what — get a mass power and govern policy. that is what is going on. i think

the bands — that is what is going on. i think the bands have a history of being a complete _ the bands have a history of being a complete disaster and i don't know of anyone — complete disaster and i don't know of anyone who could chalk up bans as being _ of anyone who could chalk up bans as being successful. take jimmy carter, by the _ being successful. take jimmy carter, by the way, — being successful. take jimmy carter, by the way, this is a great example... russia invades afghanistan in 1979, the us puts a ban on _ afghanistan in 1979, the us puts a ban on exports of agriculture to the soviet— ban on exports of agriculture to the soviet union at the time to punish them _ soviet union at the time to punish them the — soviet union at the time to punish them. the soviet union turns around, cut a _ them. the soviet union turns around, cut a good _ them. the soviet union turns around, cut a good deal with argentina and the argentines benefited mentally. a bil the argentines benefited mentally. a big agricultural boom. unintended consequence of the ban. carter loses the primary— consequence of the ban. carter loses the primary in the state of iowa, where _ the primary in the state of iowa, where the — the primary in the state of iowa, where the corn grows in the united states. _ where the corn grows in the united states. and — where the corn grows in the united states, and the farmers are going to have nothing to do with carter after he imposed the ban. that is why carter— he imposed the ban. that is why carter didn't get a second... white i'm carter didn't get a second... white i'm afraid — carter didn't get a second... white i'm afraid we're right at the time at the _ i'm afraid we're right at the time at the end — i'm afraid we're right at the time at the end of this half hour. thank you very— at the end of this half hour. thank you very much, this bbc news.

hello. don�*t expect it to look or feel much like summer. this weekend the weather is looking decidedly unsettled. it will feel rather cool. it will often be windy and there will be some outbreaks of rain at times. how much rain? well, this chart shows how much we�*re expecting to accumulate over the next few days. the wettest places are likely to be across northern ireland, parts of wales, and perhaps most especially across the north of england, but most places getting at least a dose of wet weather thanks to this frontal system pushing its way in from the west. quite a complex frontal system. there will be various pulses of heavy rain running along it as it slides its way eastwards. moving its way into the picture, certainly, as we go on through tonight. will stay mostly dry, i think, down towards the south east of england and also in the north of scotland. and here with clear skies overhead, it is actually going to get quite chilly like the last few nights.

temperatures in some spots down to three orfour degrees, but milder further south underneath the influence of the areas of cloud, the outbreaks of rain, with this wriggling frontal system continuing to move its way through. so a really soggy saturday in prospect across parts of northern ireland. northern england looking very, very wet indeed. that rain getting up into southern and maybe central parts of scotland, wales, the south west of england. towards the south east corner, rain not arriving until quite late in the day, but for southern areas it will turn quite windy. in fact, for southern and western coast we could see gusts of 40 to maybe 50 mph in the most exposed spots. temperatures just 15—19 degrees. northern scotland always seeing the best of the brightness, albeit with one or two showers. saturday evening, well, a bit of a wash—out for many, staying driest once again in the north of scotland. and as we move on into sunday, well, this area of low pressure just continues to track its way eastwards. now, this frontal system will tend to clear away, but this one here is set to hang back on sunday. so across parts of southern scotland, northern ireland, north wales and north midlands, but most especially northern england, it looks like we will see

rain continuing to pile up. elsewhere, sunny spells and scattered showers and temperatures between 16—22 degrees. so many places a little below par at this point injuly. and no big change into next week. more rain at times, some drier interludes, yes, and it will stay fairly cool.