this is bbc news. the headlines: england's lionesses get off to flying start as they are currently 1—0 up at half time in their opening world cup match at haiti. the european champions are hoping to replicate their success on the world's stage and are one of the favourites to win the competition — if they can fend off the usa. as greece faces its hottestjuly weekend in 50 years, leading scientists tell the bbc of their concern over "unprecedented" new climate records. several on ocean heat, global temperatures and the melting of antarctic sea ice, have been shattered over the course of the last week. lisa franchetti is a former head of the us 6th fleet and us naval forces in south korea. her nomination needs approval by the senate.

now on bbc news it's time for talking business. hello, everybody, a very warm welcome from me, aaron. one leading investor tells me how he's going to get returns from orbiting the earth and from dishwashers by day to explosives by night, the boss tells me how he is going to get his company flying. i

will catch up with the boss of nasa. the former astronaut tells me how important private companies will be as the us and china hurry back to the moon in the 21st century space race. wherever you arejoining me from around the world, a warm welcome to the show. it is the final frontier. space. what lies out there could help answer many of the problems we face here on earth from energy to climate change and then, of course, there is the fun of it as well. a growing number of wealthy people are booking tickets just to have a view of the planet from above. it all means that the space economy is taking off. the space economy is taking off. the space economy is taking off. the space economy is worth about $340 billion but by 2040, that will grow to $1 trillion. but by 20110, that will grow to $1 trillion. there were a lot of this is because of things like new

satellite —based data services. there's been a big jump in satellites in orbit. the european space agency says that more than 15,000 satellites have been launched since russia got the ball rolling backin since russia got the ball rolling back in 1957. just over half are still functioning. in the last decade there has been a big jump in the numbers being added but, over the numbers being added but, over the last four years, that has mainly banks to two companies. one webb and elon musk. none of them would be able to get there without the rockets that companies are developing. rivals like blue origin are also pouring millions into getting into orbit, to the moon and beyond. yes, demise. a lot of the money is coming from the us space agency nasa which recently awarded blue origin $3.1; billion contract to help get mann back to the moon and signed a similar one with spacex two years ago. we signed a similar one with spacex two ears auo.~ . ~' signed a similar one with spacex two ears ao. ~ . ~ ., years ago. we talk about venture caital years ago. we talk about venture capital and _ years ago. we talk about venture capital and private _ years ago. we talk about venture capital and private equity - years ago. we talk about venture capital and private equity backed | capital and private equity backed governments are equally important. the role of government is twofold. the role of government is twofold. the first and commonly thought of as

being the most important is to provide funding for start—ups but the more interesting and important part of this is that governments actually asked as a customer and provide revenue that the start—ups can then go back to the private capital markets and use that to get more private funding. it capital markets and use that to get more private funding.— capital markets and use that to get more private funding. it was now so first ut a more private funding. it was now so first put a man _ more private funding. it was now so first put a man on _ more private funding. it was now so first put a man on the _ more private funding. it was now so first put a man on the moon. - more private funding. it was now so first put a man on the moon. one . first put a man on the moon. one small step _ first put a man on the moon. one small step for _ first put a man on the moon. one small step for a _ first put a man on the moon. one small step for a man, _ first put a man on the moon. one small step for a man, a _ first put a man on the moon. one small step fora man, a giant first put a man on the moon. one small step for a man, a giant leap for mankind. not small step for a man, a giant leap for mankind-— for mankind. not without technology that was developed _ for mankind. not without technology that was developed by _ for mankind. not without technology that was developed by private - that was developed by private companies at the height of the space race with the soviet union. over the years, that space race has yielded all sorts of innovations that have become part of our everyday lives. camera phones, sneakers, baby formula and prosthetic limbs. although at least some of their development to space exploration. it is likely there will be more in the years ahead. some of the biggest rivals include the deep pocketed

chinese government which is the only country to have its own space station as well as russia and india who both have sizeable space programmes. that said, it is cheaper than ever to get to space. how are companies hoping to make money out of orbiting and then air. i have been speaking to the man who had literally written the book on the space economy but is also the founder of the investment fund space capital which is poured more than $100 million into the space economy including into elon's industry—leading spacex. chad, a real pleasure having you on the show. yourfund has invested in more than 20 different space origin companies. given that the space industry is arguably more risky than most what makes an idea a good investment? i most what makes an idea a good investment?— investment? i think that the riskiness factor _ investment? i think that the riskiness factor is _ investment? i think that the riskiness factor is a - investment? i think that the | riskiness factor is a common misconception which i'm glad to help clear up, so first of all, i think that the space economy is broader

than rockets and hardware. it is the invisible back then that powers our global gps helps us get where we want to go. it helps goods gets to their destination across the globe. and it enables our financial markets. without it our financial markets. without it our financial markets would not work. space technologies are foundational. you are invested _ technologies are foundational. you are invested in _ technologies are foundational. you are invested in elon musk's spacex are invested in elon musk�*s spacex but i am wondering, how important is it and its rivals like ges bathos's blue origin. how important are those companies feeling the space economy? the only reason we are speaking at space as an investment category todayis space as an investment category today is because of spacex. a little over ten years ago before their first commercial flight, the entire market was really government dominated. they have reduced barriers to entry and they brought the cost of accessing a bit of a

down transparency to a market where otherwise didn't exist previously so what that meant that companies could then start to go out and build business plans and raise venture capital to fund innovative new ideas, innovative new approaches and business models, leveraging small satellite platforms. the business models, leveraging small satellite platforms.— satellite platforms. the us investment _ satellite platforms. the us investment bank _ satellite platforms. the us investment bank morgan . satellite platforms. the us - investment bank morgan stanley is forecasting the space economy, it says it is going to triple in size to reach $1 trillion by 2014. i'm just wondering what are the various areas of the space activity likely to be the most profitable. qo�*s areas of the space activity likely to be the most profitable. 9096 of all activity falls _ to be the most profitable. 9096 of all activity falls within _ to be the most profitable. 9096 of all activity falls within and - to be the most profitable. 9096 of all activity falls within and that. all activity falls within and that is the gps, geospatial intelligence, satellite communications stacks. and within that, you have got layers, infrastructure, distribution and applications. and as companies are growing, incredibly fast, they are

focused on the world's largest industries like agriculture, insurance, maritime, logistics, another company that is focused on data fusion, leveraging information from satellites as well as ground sensors to enable precision farming. we have insurance company that is using satellite data to underwrite and pay out insurance policies and these companies again have grown incredibly fast over the last few years and are starting to play an increasingly important role in the select market vertical.— increasingly important role in the select market vertical. welcome on that oint, select market vertical. welcome on that point. real _ select market vertical. welcome on that point, real pleasure _ select market vertical. welcome on that point, real pleasure having - select market vertical. welcome on j that point, real pleasure having you on the show. good luck with everything and i will check in with you soon. dishwasher engineer to a self taught rocket guru. it might sound like what? the stuff of science fiction. but it is actually the reality for one of the men his rocket to helping the next great space age take he is widely seen as

the greatest rival to elon musk spacex and the founder of rocket that was also part of nasa's plans to get back to the moon. peter, have your great pleasure having you on the show. the best line i have read about you is that you went from dishwasher by data explosives by night. peter, i mean, how did you go from a dishwasher engineer to literally reaching for space and developing one of the world's most successful space companies? i always had a passion — successful space companies? i always had a passion for _ successful space companies? i always had a passion for space _ successful space companies? i always had a passion for space since - successful space companies? i always had a passion for space since i - successful space companies? i always had a passion for space since i was i had a passion for space since i was young _ had a passion for space since i was young and — had a passion for space since i was young and a — had a passion for space since i was young and a for engineering and when young and a for engineering and when you combine those two things get rockets _ you combine those two things get rockets i— you combine those two things get rockets. i started my career out as an apprentice at a company that, as you correctly point out, built dishwashers. and i went into the design _ dishwashers. and i went into the design office into a government research — design office into a government research institute where we do a lot with smart — research institute where we do a lot with smart materials, carbon composite, and we are rocket pilgrimage to the united states.

aside _ pilgrimage to the united states. aside from that what was happening was not _ aside from that what was happening was not what i thought needed to happen — was not what i thought needed to happen i— was not what i thought needed to happen. i started rocket lab. you also started _ happen. i started rocket lab. hm, also started without the considerable wealth of your billionaire rivals such as elon musk and richard branson. how if you manage? where did all the come from? we raise venture capital out of silicon— we raise venture capital out of silicon valley and it is to that we raise _ silicon valley and it is to that we raise less — silicon valley and it is to that we raise less than all of our competitors in that sense but we have _ competitors in that sense but we have a _ competitors in that sense but we have a saying at rocket lab and the reason _ have a saying at rocket lab and the reason we — have a saying at rocket lab and the reason we named our rocket engine after rutherford, he had no money so he had _ after rutherford, he had no money so he had to— after rutherford, he had no money so he had to and sometimes, and over capitalised — he had to and sometimes, and over capitalised start—up is not the best thing _ capitalised start—up is not the best thing and — capitalised start—up is not the best thing. and we had very slim resources _ thing. and we had very slim resources but they've given is with the innovative solutions. tells what

it is ou're the innovative solutions. tells what it is you're working _ the innovative solutions. tells what it is you're working on _ the innovative solutions. tells what it is you're working on over - the innovative solutions. tells what it is you're working on over the - it is you're working on over the next few years. the way to describe the space industry as you can pocketed into three lumps. one is, you know, launch and launch is about a $10 billion opportunity. then there is infrastructure, building there is infrastructure, building the satellites, that is about $30 billion opportunity. and then there is applications and that is about $830 billion opportunity. unless the applications, those are all the services that we use from space. the unique thing about rocket lab as we cover all of the spectrum, basically. we build rockets and i think we are most famously known for our launch vehicle which is a small launch vehicle. it is currently the second most frequently launched rocket behind another and we build complete spacecraft. the mission last year where we threw the first artemis mission to the moon. building to spacecraft to investigate the martian atmosphere

launch in 2024. we have the neutron rocket which is under development. as a vehicle capable of human space flight. unlike two of your biggest rivals spacex and blue origin, some of your shares are publicly traded. i'm just wondering, does the need to give shareholders a financial return limit what you can achieve? because, let's be frank, this is a business not without a lot of risk. absolutely not, i think it is the opposite _ absolutely not, i think it is the opposite. i think it drives a good business — opposite. i think it drives a good business decisions good engineering decisions _ business decisions good engineering decisions because, you know, if you have _ decisions because, you know, if you have no— decisions because, you know, if you have no accountability then, you know, _ have no accountability then, you know. you — have no accountability then, you know, you can be very fast and loose with your _ know, you can be very fast and loose with your decisions and your spending. and we have seen that across— spending. and we have seen that across the — spending. and we have seen that across the industry and the resulting outcomes. sol across the industry and the resulting outcomes. so i think it brings— resulting outcomes. so i think it brings vigour and discipline to a business — brings vigour and discipline to a business that is very healthy. and make _ business that is very healthy. and make no— business that is very healthy. and make no mistake, i'm trying to build a multi—generational space company

that will— a multi—generational space company that will live on long, long, long after— that will live on long, long, long after i _ that will live on long, long, long after i am — that will live on long, long, long after i am gone. and you do that, one of— after i am gone. and you do that, one of the — after i am gone. and you do that, one of the reasons and that we went publicly— one of the reasons and that we went publicly to _ one of the reasons and that we went publicly to enforce that. as one of the reasons and that we went publicly to enforce that.— publicly to enforce that. as we know, publicly to enforce that. as we know. india — publicly to enforce that. as we know, india has _ publicly to enforce that. as we know, india hasjust_ publicly to enforce that. as we know, india hasjust launched | publicly to enforce that. as we | know, india hasjust launched a mission to the men in china is trying to get its astronauts there. there is this growing talk mining them in for stuff like helium—3. tiwari, peter, that it will be a free for all and is it even going to be economically viable? i free for all and is it even going to be economically viable?— free for all and is it even going to be economically viable? i think some of those things _ be economically viable? i think some of those things become _ be economically viable? i think some of those things become much - be economically viable? i think some of those things become much more l of those things become much more economically viable when there is a destination. so, at the moment, it is not _ destination. so, at the moment, it is not economically viable to go to the moon, — is not economically viable to go to the moon, mine it and bring it back to earth _ the moon, mine it and bring it back to earth the — the moon, mine it and bring it back to earth. the only reason you want to earth. the only reason you want to mining — to earth. the only reason you want to mining spaces because you want to do stuff— to mining spaces because you want to do stuff in _ to mining spaces because you want to do stuff in space. sol to mining spaces because you want to do stuff in space. so i think there is a really— do stuff in space. so i think there is a really exciting chapter in the space _ is a really exciting chapter in the space industry to come. i is a really exciting chapter in the space industry to come.- is a really exciting chapter in the space industry to come. i want to talk to you _ space industry to come. i want to talk to you about _ space industry to come. i want to talk to you about space _ space industry to come. i want to talk to you about space tourism l space industry to come. i want to i talk to you about space tourism and the other things you rivals want to do. you once said don't get me wrong, i think sending a few people to mars increments the human species, no argument. i think it is wonderful. but you went on and you said i think you can have a larger

impact on a larger group of people by commercialising space and making it accessible. what did you mean by that? ., ,, it accessible. what did you mean by that? ., ~ ., ., , that? you think of what is the difference _ that? you think of what is the difference between _ that? you think of what is the difference between a - that? you think of what is the i difference between a developing nation _ difference between a developing nation and a developed nation? it is knowledge, — nation and a developed nation? it is knowledge, that is pretty much it. so if you _ knowledge, that is pretty much it. so if you can disseminate, you know, the knowledge of the world to an emerging nation, through the use of space, _ emerging nation, through the use of space, for— emerging nation, through the use of space, for example, from orbit, that has a _ space, for example, from orbit, that has a huge _ space, for example, from orbit, that has a huge and lasting effect on the evolution— has a huge and lasting effect on the evolution of the human race. so gps is always— evolution of the human race. so gps is always the obvious example but if i say is always the obvious example but if i say to _ is always the obvious example but if i say to you — is always the obvious example but if i say to you that your tender date wouldn't — i say to you that your tender date wouldn't turn up without space infrastructure you might look at me crosswise _ infrastructure you might look at me crosswise but the reality is, that is the _ crosswise but the reality is, that is the reality. it requires space infrastructure for that to happen. it is integrated and woven into our everyday _ it is integrated and woven into our everyday lives. disaster recovery, crop monitoring, conservation, it is

'ust crop monitoring, conservation, it is just completely intertwined. if we look at everything, _ just completely intertwined. if we look at everything, the _ just completely intertwined. if "t“�*él look at everything, the private space industry is doing and trying to do, peter, is there anything that keeps you up at night? if to do, peter, is there anything that keeps you up at night?— keeps you up at night? if you want to debt become _ keeps you up at night? if you want to debt become the _ keeps you up at night? if you want to debt become the ceo _ keeps you up at night? if you want to debt become the ceo of - keeps you up at night? if you want to debt become the ceo of our - keeps you up at night? if you want. to debt become the ceo of our rocket company, _ to debt become the ceo of our rocket company, it— to debt become the ceo of our rocket company, it is the worst thing you could _ company, it is the worst thing you could do — company, it is the worst thing you could do. i'm terribly excited. no longer— could do. i'm terribly excited. no longer is — could do. i'm terribly excited. no longer is it— could do. i'm terribly excited. no longer is it the domain of a few quirky— longer is it the domain of a few quirky start—ups are government defence — quirky start—ups are government defence forces, it is a real industry— defence forces, it is a real industry and it is a real thing. there — industry and it is a real thing. there is— industry and it is a real thing. there is a _ industry and it is a real thing. there is a lot to worry about when you launch — there is a lot to worry about when you launch rockets. let there is a lot to worry about when you launch rockets.— there is a lot to worry about when you launch rockets. let me end on this because _ you launch rockets. let me end on this because you're _ you launch rockets. let me end on this because you're working - you launch rockets. let me end on this because you're working on - you launch rockets. let me end on | this because you're working on your larger rocket which could potentially power human space flight. peter, correct me if i am wrong here but you haven't been to space yourself yet so, are you planning to get up there and if so, what excites you the most about that idea? i what excites you the most about that idea? ., ., what excites you the most about that idea? . . ., what excites you the most about that idea? . ., ., ., ., , idea? i am in awe of astronauts, let that be said — idea? i am in awe of astronauts, let that be said because _ idea? i am in awe of astronauts, let that be said because i _ idea? i am in awe of astronauts, let that be said because i possess - idea? i am in awe of astronauts, let that be said because i possess all . that be said because i possess all of the _ that be said because i possess all of the technical knowledge about how a rocket _ of the technical knowledge about how a rocket works but none of that courage — a rocket works but none of that courage to _ a rocket works but none of that courage to fly on one. i understand that the _

courage to fly on one. i understand that the safety factor in the margin on every— that the safety factor in the margin on every boat and every part. i am in complete — on every boat and every part. i am in complete awe and admiration of astronauts— in complete awe and admiration of astronauts but i highly doubt that i will ever_ astronauts but i highly doubt that i will ever go to space. the astronauts but i highly doubt that i will ever go to space.— will ever go to space. the big boss of rocket lab _ will ever go to space. the big boss of rocket lab i _ will ever go to space. the big boss of rocket lab i really _ will ever go to space. the big boss of rocket lab i really appreciate i of rocket lab i really appreciate your time, of rocket lab i really appreciate yourtime, good of rocket lab i really appreciate your time, good luck with everything and i will talk to you soon. ida and i will talk to you soon. no worries- _ and i will talk to you soon. no worries- if— and i will talk to you soon. no worries. if there's _ and i will talk to you soon. no worries. if there's one - and i will talk to you soon. no worries. if there's one knee i and i will talk to you soon. no i worries. if there's one knee that has defined _ worries. if there's one knee that has defined the _ worries. if there's one knee that has defined the space _ worries. if there's one knee that has defined the space age - worries. if there's one knee that has defined the space age it - worries. if there's one knee that has defined the space age it is l worries. if there's one knee that l has defined the space age it is the national aeronautics and space administration, known of course as nasa. it was first put a man on the moon and after a hiatus of more than 50 years it is trying to be the first one back there. only this time it is even more dependent on other than private companies. so as space becomes more commercial than ever i decided to catch up with the former astronaut and us senator who is now the big boss of nasa. bill, a real pleasure having you on the show. let's start with this because when the space race first started in the

19505 it the space race first started in the 1950s it was very much the preserve of governments and the biggest, the us and the soviet union. what has changed to allow the private sector in? ah. changed to allow the private sector in? �* . ., , . , changed to allow the private sector in? �* _, , ., , , changed to allow the private sector in? a considerable number of things. first of all. — in? a considerable number of things. first of all. you _ in? a considerable number of things. first of all, you can _ in? a considerable number of things. first of all, you can share _ in? a considerable number of things. first of all, you can share cost. - first of all, you can share cost. and _ first of all, you can share cost. and it — first of all, you can share cost. and it is — first of all, you can share cost. and it is not _ first of all, you can share cost. and it is notjust_ first of all, you can share cost. and it is notjust that _ first of all, you can share cost. and it is not just that we - first of all, you can share cost. and it is notjust that we are i first of all, you can share cost. . and it is notjust that we are doing it with _ and it is notjust that we are doing it with the — and it is notjust that we are doing it with the private _ and it is notjust that we are doing it with the private sector, - and it is notjust that we are doing it with the private sector, we - and it is notjust that we are doing it with the private sector, we are l it with the private sector, we are doing _ it with the private sector, we are doing it — it with the private sector, we are doing it with— it with the private sector, we are doing it with the _ it with the private sector, we are doing it with the international. doing it with the international community— doing it with the international community as _ doing it with the international community as well. _ doing it with the international community as well. so, - doing it with the international community as well. so, for. doing it with the international - community as well. so, for example, we go _ community as well. so, for example, we go back— community as well. so, for example, we go back to — community as well. so, for example, we go back to the _ community as well. so, for example, we go back to the moon _ community as well. so, for example, we go back to the moon after- community as well. so, for example, we go back to the moon after a - we go back to the moon after a half-century, _ we go back to the moon after a half—century, we _ we go back to the moon after a half—century, we are _ we go back to the moon after a half—century, we are going - we go back to the moon after ai half—century, we are going back we go back to the moon after a - half—century, we are going back only with our— half—century, we are going back only with our commercial— half—century, we are going back only with our commercial partners - half—century, we are going back only with our commercial partners but. with our commercial partners but with our commercial partners but with our— with our commercial partners but with our international— with our commercial partners but with our international partners. i with our commercial partners but i with our international partners. but another— with our international partners. but another reason _ with our international partners. but another reason to _ with our international partners. but another reason to bring _ with our international partners. but another reason to bring in- with our international partners. but another reason to bring in outside i another reason to bring in outside people _ another reason to bring in outside people is— another reason to bring in outside people is the _ another reason to bring in outside people is the creativity _ another reason to bring in outside people is the creativity of - people is the creativity of entrepreneurs _ people is the creativity of entrepreneurs and - people is the creativity of entrepreneurs and the i people is the creativity of - entrepreneurs and the private sector~ — entrepreneurs and the private sector~ and _ entrepreneurs and the private sector. and that _ entrepreneurs and the private sector. and that has - entrepreneurs and the private sector. and that has certainlyj entrepreneurs and the private - sector. and that has certainly borne out, as— sector. and that has certainly borne out, as we — sector. and that has certainly borne out, as we have _ sector. and that has certainly borne out, as we have seen, _ sector. and that has certainly borne out, as we have seen, with- sector. and that has certainly borne out, as we have seen, with spacex, the commercial— out, as we have seen, with spacex, the commercial crew— out, as we have seen, with spacex, the commercial crew to _ out, as we have seen, with spacex, the commercial crew to our - the commercial crew to our international— the commercial crew to our international space - the commercial crew to our| international space station, the commercial crew to our. international space station, to the commercial crew to our - international space station, to and from the _

international space station, to and from the station, _ international space station, to and from the station, also _ international space station, to and from the station, also other- from the station, also other companies _ from the station, also other companies with— from the station, also other companies with regard - from the station, also other companies with regard to i from the station, also other- companies with regard to commercial cargo _ companies with regard to commercial caruo. �* .., , ., cargo. bill, when it comes to the rivate cargo. bill, when it comes to the private sector. — cargo. bill, when it comes to the private sector, there _ cargo. bill, when it comes to the private sector, there are - cargo. bill, when it comes to the private sector, there are villagesj private sector, there are villages to companies that have proven technology to launch rockets. you mention spacex and also rocket lab but both have received huge amounts on contracts from yourselves at nasa and other parts of the us government. spacex i think $10 billion. would they be able to be so successful without those public sector contracts?— successful without those public sector contracts? well, certainly, the incentive _ sector contracts? well, certainly, the incentive for _ sector contracts? well, certainly, the incentive for them _ sector contracts? well, certainly, the incentive for them to - sector contracts? well, certainly, the incentive for them to start - the incentive for them to start their— the incentive for them to start their work— the incentive for them to start their work was— the incentive for them to start their work was government i the incentive for them to start - their work was government payments and investment _ their work was government payments and investment. for— their work was government payments and investment. for example, - their work was government payments and investment. for example, the . and investment. for example, the whole _ and investment. for example, the whole commercial— and investment. for example, the whole commercialjet_ and investment. for example, the whole commercialjet airline, - and investment. for example, thej whole commercialjet airline, what you think— whole commercialjet airline, what you think it— whole commercialjet airline, what you think it was _ whole commercialjet airline, what you think it was developed - whole commercialjet airline, what you think it was developed for? iti you think it was developed for? it was originally _ you think it was developed for? it was originally developed - you think it was developed for? it was originally developed for - you think it was developed for? it was originally developed for the i you think it was developed for? it i was originally developed for the us military— was originally developed for the us military after — was originally developed for the us military after world _ was originally developed for the us military after world war _ was originally developed for the us military after world war ii. - was originally developed for the us military after world war ii. look. was originally developed for the us military after world war ii. look at| military after world war ii. look at what _ military after world war ii. look at whatiet _ military after world war ii. look at whatjet aeroplanes _ military after world war ii. look at what jet aeroplanes do _ military after world war ii. look at what jet aeroplanes do in - military after world war ii. look at what jet aeroplanes do in the - what jet aeroplanes do in the commercial— what jet aeroplanes do in the commercial sector _ what jet aeroplanes do in the commercial sector today. - what jet aeroplanes do in the commercial sector today. sol commercial sector today. so sometimes _

commercial sector today. so sometimes there _ commercial sector today. so sometimes there are - commercial sector today. so sometimes there are seed i commercial sector today. so - sometimes there are seed money, there _ sometimes there are seed money, there is— sometimes there are seed money, there is incentive _ sometimes there are seed money, there is incentive money, - sometimes there are seed money, there is incentive money, to- sometimes there are seed money, there is incentive money, to startl there is incentive money, to start in the _ there is incentive money, to start in the commercial— there is incentive money, to start in the commercial sector. - there is incentive money, to start in the commercial sector. it - there is incentive money, to start in the commercial sector. at nasa ou have in the commercial sector. at nasa you have given — in the commercial sector. at nasa you have given billions _ in the commercial sector. at nasa you have given billions of- in the commercial sector. at nasa you have given billions of dollars. you have given billions of dollars to spacex blue origin and bowing to help get mann back on the moon and last year when testifying to congress to back the idea of fixed—price contracts. i've got to ask you, how do you know that corners won't be cut given that these private companies, they won't want to lose money? met because we don't launch until it is safe. and it is now safe that says whether or not it is safe to launch. —— make it nasa. that is the bottom line answer. are you ever relying on a handful of small companies? take for examle handful of small companies? take for example nasa's _ handful of small companies? take for example nasa's total _ handful of small companies? take for example nasa's total budget. - handful of small companies? take for example nasa's total budget. i - handful of small companies? take for example nasa's total budget. i thinkl example nasa's total budget. i think we have _ example nasa's total budget. i think we have some — example nasa's total budget. i think we have some of— example nasa's total budget. i think we have some of a _ example nasa's total budget. i think we have some of a quarter— example nasa's total budget. i think we have some of a quarter of- example nasa's total budget. i think we have some of a quarter of our. we have some of a quarter of our spending — we have some of a quarter of our spending is — we have some of a quarter of our spending is going _ we have some of a quarter of our spending is going to _ we have some of a quarter of our spending is going to small- spending is going to small businesses. _ spending is going to small businesses. we _ spending is going to small businesses. we bring - spending is going to small. businesses. we bring small businesses _ businesses. we bring small businesses in _ businesses. we bring small businesses in and - businesses. we bring small businesses in and every - businesses. we bring smalll businesses in and every part businesses. we bring small. businesses in and every part of

businesses. we bring small- businesses in and every part of our business. — businesses in and every part of our business. in— businesses in and every part of our business, in science, _ businesses in and every part of our business, in science, and - businesses in and every part of our business, in science, and our- businesses in and every part of ourj business, in science, and our earth science, _ business, in science, and our earth science, the — business, in science, and our earth science, the exploration— business, in science, and our earth. science, the exploration programme but in _ science, the exploration programme but in many— science, the exploration programme but in many cases— science, the exploration programme but in many cases we _ science, the exploration programme but in many cases we use _ science, the exploration programme but in many cases we use small- but in many cases we use small businesses _ but in many cases we use small businesses directly— but in many cases we use small businesses directly under - but in many cases we use small businesses directly under the i businesses directly under the example _ businesses directly under the example of— businesses directly under the example of that _ businesses directly under the example of that i _ businesses directly under the example of that i mentionedl businesses directly under the i example of that i mentioned is businesses directly under the - example of that i mentioned is the clips, _ example of that i mentioned is the clips, three — example of that i mentioned is the clips. three of— example of that i mentioned is the clips, three of them _ example of that i mentioned is the clips, three of them are _ example of that i mentioned is the clips, three of them are going - example of that i mentioned is the clips, three of them are going to. clips, three of them are going to land this— clips, three of them are going to land this year— clips, three of them are going to land this year on _ clips, three of them are going to land this year on the _ clips, three of them are going to land this year on the surface - clips, three of them are going to land this year on the surface of. clips, three of them are going to. land this year on the surface of the mooh _ land this year on the surface of the mooh that— land this year on the surface of the mooh that is— land this year on the surface of the moon. that is incentive _ land this year on the surface of the moon. that is incentive money- land this year on the surface of the moon. that is incentive money for| moon. that is incentive money for them _ moon. that is incentive money for them to— moon. that is incentive money for them to do— moon. that is incentive money for them to do it _ moon. that is incentive money for them to do it and _ moon. that is incentive money for them to do it and then— moon. that is incentive money for them to do it and then develop. moon. that is incentive money for them to do it and then develop a i them to do it and then develop a lander— them to do it and then develop a lander and — them to do it and then develop a lander and help _ them to do it and then develop a lander and help us _ them to do it and then develop a lander and help us get _ them to do it and then develop a lander and help us get the - lander and help us get the information, _ lander and help us get the information, for— lander and help us get the information, for example, j lander and help us get the - information, for example, one of these _ information, for example, one of these landers _ information, for example, one of these landers is _ information, for example, one of these landers is going _ information, for example, one of these landers is going to - information, for example, one of these landers is going to dig - information, for example, one of these landers is going to dig on. information, for example, one of. these landers is going to dig on the south _ these landers is going to dig on the south pole — these landers is going to dig on the south pole to— these landers is going to dig on the south pole to see _ these landers is going to dig on the south pole to see if _ these landers is going to dig on the south pole to see if there - these landers is going to dig on the south pole to see if there is - these landers is going to dig on the south pole to see if there is water. south pole to see if there is water underneath — south pole to see if there is water underneath the _ south pole to see if there is water underneath the surface. _ south pole to see if there is water underneath the surface. that's - underneath the surface. that's usually — underneath the surface. that's usually important _ underneath the surface. that's usually important for- underneath the surface. that's usually important for us - underneath the surface. that's usually important for us to - underneath the surface. that's i usually important for us to know because, — usually important for us to know because, if— usually important for us to know because, if there _ usually important for us to know because, if there is _ usually important for us to know because, if there is water, - usually important for us to know because, if there is water, there usually important for us to know i because, if there is water, there is hydrogen— because, if there is water, there is hydrogen and _ because, if there is water, there is hydrogen and oxygen, _ because, if there is water, there is hydrogen and oxygen, and - because, if there is water, there is hydrogen and oxygen, and if- because, if there is water, there is hydrogen and oxygen, and if there| because, if there is water, there is. hydrogen and oxygen, and if there is hydrogen— hydrogen and oxygen, and if there is hydrogen and — hydrogen and oxygen, and if there is hydrogen and oxygen, _ hydrogen and oxygen, and if there is hydrogen and oxygen, we've - hydrogen and oxygen, and if there is hydrogen and oxygen, we've got- hydrogen and oxygen, and if there is hydrogen and oxygen, we've got a l hydrogen and oxygen, and if there is. hydrogen and oxygen, we've got a gas station _ hydrogen and oxygen, we've got a gas station on _ hydrogen and oxygen, we've got a gas station on the — hydrogen and oxygen, we've got a gas station on the south _ hydrogen and oxygen, we've got a gas station on the south pole. _ hydrogen and oxygen, we've got a gas station on the south pole. is - hydrogen and oxygen, we've got a gas station on the south pole.— station on the south pole. as space exploration — station on the south pole. as space exploration becomes _ station on the south pole. as space exploration becomes increasingly i exploration becomes increasingly commercialised, what do you see is the most likely and profitable uses

of the rockets and satellites that we are sending up there?- of the rockets and satellites that we are sending up there? well, i see the real value — we are sending up there? well, i see the real value for _ we are sending up there? well, i see the real value for entrepreneurs - we are sending up there? well, i see the real value for entrepreneurs to i the real value for entrepreneurs to take businesses— the real value for entrepreneurs to take businesses off _ the real value for entrepreneurs to take businesses off the _ the real value for entrepreneurs to take businesses off the face - the real value for entrepreneurs to take businesses off the face of - the real value for entrepreneurs to take businesses off the face of the j take businesses off the face of the earth _ take businesses off the face of the earth and — take businesses off the face of the earth and take _ take businesses off the face of the earth and take it _ take businesses off the face of the earth and take it up _ take businesses off the face of the earth and take it up to— take businesses off the face of the earth and take it up to low- take businesses off the face of the earth and take it up to low earth. earth and take it up to low earth orbit— earth and take it up to low earth orbit and — earth and take it up to low earth orbit and to _ earth and take it up to low earth orbit and to do _ earth and take it up to low earth orbit and to do manufacturing i earth and take it up to low earth. orbit and to do manufacturing and experimentation— orbit and to do manufacturing and experimentation and _ orbit and to do manufacturing and experimentation and drug - orbit and to do manufacturing and i experimentation and drug research. already, _ experimentation and drug research. already, we — experimentation and drug research. already. we have _ experimentation and drug research. already, we have two _ experimentation and drug research. already, we have two examples, i experimentation and drug research. already, we have two examples, asj experimentation and drug research. i already, we have two examples, as we speak. _ already, we have two examples, as we speak. the _ already, we have two examples, as we speak. the drug — already, we have two examples, as we speak. the drug which— already, we have two examples, as we speak. the drug which has— already, we have two examples, as we speak. the drug which has been- already, we have two examples, as we speak. the drug which has been so- speak. the drug which has been so successful— speak. the drug which has been so successful with _ speak. the drug which has been so successful with regard _ speak. the drug which has been so successful with regard to _ speak. the drug which has been so successful with regard to cancer, i successful with regard to cancer, they have — successful with regard to cancer, they have learned _ successful with regard to cancer, they have learned away - successful with regard to cancer, they have learned away in - successful with regard to cancer, they have learned away in spacel successful with regard to cancer, i they have learned away in space to make _ they have learned away in space to make that — they have learned away in space to make that drug _ they have learned away in space to make that drug more _ they have learned away in space to make that drug more efficiently. they have learned away in space to make that drug more efficiently onj make that drug more efficiently on earth _ make that drug more efficiently on earth the — make that drug more efficiently on earth. the same _ make that drug more efficiently on earth. the same thing _ make that drug more efficiently on earth. the same thing with - make that drug more efficiently on earth. the same thing with stem i earth. the same thing with stem cells. _ earth. the same thing with stem cells. we — earth. the same thing with stem cells. we are _ earth. the same thing with stem cells. we are going _ earth. the same thing with stem cells. we are going to _ earth. the same thing with stem cells. we are going to see - earth. the same thing with stem cells. we are going to see a - cells. we are going to see a fibre-optic— cells. we are going to see a fibre—optic being _ cells. we are going to see a fibre—optic being learned i cells. we are going to see a i fibre—optic being learned how cells. we are going to see a - fibre—optic being learned how to manufacture _ fibre—optic being learned how to manufacture more _ fibre—optic being learned how to manufacture more effectively. fibre—optic being learned how to manufacture more effectively in| fibre—optic being learned how to - manufacture more effectively in zero gravity _ manufacture more effectively in zero gravity orbit. — manufacture more effectively in zero gravity orbit. and _ manufacture more effectively in zero gravity orbit. and that _ manufacture more effectively in zero gravity orbit. and that is _ manufacture more effectively in zero gravity orbit. and that is just - manufacture more effectively in zero gravity orbit. and that is just for- gravity orbit. and that is just for starters. — gravity orbit. and that is just for starters. what _ gravity orbit. and that is just for starters. what i _ gravity orbit. and that is just for starters. what i have _ gravity orbit. and that is just for starters. what i have a - gravity orbit. and that is just for starters. what i have a lot - gravity orbit. and that is just for

starters. what i have a lot to . gravity orbit. and that is just fori starters. what i have a lot to ask you this — starters. what i have a lot to ask you this because, _ starters. what i have a lot to ask you this because, given - starters. what i have a lot to ask you this because, given that - starters. what i have a lot to ask you this because, given that the| you this because, given that the advances— you this because, given that the advances in— you this because, given that the advances in the _ you this because, given that the advances in the private - you this because, given that the advances in the private sector. you this because, given that the - advances in the private sector means that in— advances in the private sector means that in the _ advances in the private sector means that in the last — advances in the private sector means that in the last two _ advances in the private sector means that in the last two years _ advances in the private sector means that in the last two years we - advances in the private sector means that in the last two years we put - that in the last two years we put more _ that in the last two years we put more satellites _ that in the last two years we put more satellites up _ that in the last two years we put more satellites up than - that in the last two years we put more satellites up than in - that in the last two years we put more satellites up than in the i more satellites up than in the preceding _ more satellites up than in the preceding 60 _ more satellites up than in the preceding 60 years _ more satellites up than in the preceding 60 years and - more satellites up than in the preceding 60 years and there| more satellites up than in the - preceding 60 years and there could be another— preceding 60 years and there could be another 100,000 _ preceding 60 years and there could be another 100,000 in— preceding 60 years and there could be another 100,000 in the - preceding 60 years and there could be another 100,000 in the i'm - preceding 60 years and there could be another 100,000 in the i'm just| be another 100,000 in the i'm just wondering. — be another 100,000 in the i'm just wondering. that— be another 100,000 in the i'm just wondering, that is— be another 100,000 in the i'm just wondering, that is a _ be another 100,000 in the i'm just wondering, that is a lot, _ be another 100,000 in the i'm just wondering, that is a lot, what - be another 100,000 in the i'm just wondering, that is a lot, what are i wondering, that is a lot, what are the risks. — wondering, that is a lot, what are the risks. that _ wondering, that is a lot, what are the risks, that congestion - wondering, that is a lot, what are the risks, that congestion poses? well. _ the risks, that congestion poses? well. it— the risks, that congestion poses? well. it is— the risks, that congestion poses? well. it is real— the risks, that congestion poses? well, it is real and _ the risks, that congestion poses? well, it is real and it— the risks, that congestion poses? well, it is real and it is— the risks, that congestion poses? well, it is real and it is not- the risks, that congestion poses? well, it is real and it is not only. well, it is real and it is not only real. _ well, it is real and it is not only real. it — well, it is real and it is not only real. it is — well, it is real and it is not only real. it is a _ well, it is real and it is not only real, it is a problem. _ well, it is real and it is not only real, it is a problem. because l well, it is real and it is not only- real, it is a problem. because space 'unk real, it is a problem. because space junk is— real, it is a problem. because space junk is getting — real, it is a problem. because space junk is getting in _ real, it is a problem. because space junk is getting in the _ real, it is a problem. because space junk is getting in the way. _ real, it is a problem. because space junk is getting in the way. we - real, it is a problem. because space junk is getting in the way. we have. junk is getting in the way. we have to move _ junk is getting in the way. we have to move the — junk is getting in the way. we have to move the space _ junk is getting in the way. we have to move the space station- junk is getting in the way. we have to move the space station and - junk is getting in the way. we have to move the space station and we i junk is getting in the way. we have i to move the space station and we can only track— to move the space station and we can only track objects _ to move the space station and we can only track objects that _ to move the space station and we can only track objects that are _ to move the space station and we can only track objects that are that - to move the space station and we can only track objects that are that big . only track objects that are that big or bigger. — only track objects that are that big or bigger. there _ only track objects that are that big or bigger. there was _ only track objects that are that big or bigger. there was a _ only track objects that are that big or bigger. there was a lot- only track objects that are that big or bigger. there was a lot of- only track objects that are that big or bigger. there was a lot of stuffl or bigger. there was a lot of stuff that is— or bigger. there was a lot of stuff that is smaller. _ or bigger. there was a lot of stuff that is smaller. even _ or bigger. there was a lot of stuff that is smaller. even a _ or bigger. there was a lot of stuff that is smaller. even a paint- or bigger. there was a lot of stuff that is smaller. even a paint chipl that is smaller. even a paint chip coming _ that is smaller. even a paint chip coming in — that is smaller. even a paint chip coming in the _ that is smaller. even a paint chip coming in the wrong _ that is smaller. even a paint chip coming in the wrong direction . that is smaller. even a paint chip coming in the wrong direction at| coming in the wrong direction at global— coming in the wrong direction at global speed _ coming in the wrong direction at global speed which _ coming in the wrong direction at global speed which is _ coming in the wrong direction at global speed which is 17,500 - coming in the wrong direction at. global speed which is 17,500 miles an hour. _ global speed which is 17,500 miles an hour. paint— global speed which is 17,500 miles an hour, paint chip _ global speed which is 17,500 miles an hour, paint chip hit _ global speed which is 17,500 miles an hour, paint chip hit and - global speed which is 17,500 miles an hour, paint chip hit and asked i an hour, paint chip hit and asked you not— an hour, paint chip hit and asked you not during _ an hour, paint chip hit and asked you not during and _ an hour, paint chip hit and asked you not during and after - an hour, paint chip hit and asked you not during and after not - an hour, paint chip hit and asked. you not during and after not walk, space _ you not during and after not walk, space walk. — you not during and after not walk, space walk, that _ you not during and after not walk, space walk, that could _ you not during and after not walk, space walk, that could be - you not during and after not walk, space walk, that could be fatal. . you not during and after not walk, | space walk, that could be fatal. so this is— space walk, that could be fatal. so this is a _ space walk, that could be fatal. so this is a major_ space walk, that could be fatal. so this is a major problem _ space walk, that could be fatal. so this is a major problem for- space walk, that could be fatal. so

this is a major problem for the - this is a major problem for the future — this is a major problem for the future but. _ this is a major problem for the future but, well, _ this is a major problem for the future but, well, the - this is a major problem for the future but, well, the first- this is a major problem for the future but, well, the first wayl this is a major problem for the i future but, well, the first way to fix it _ future but, well, the first way to fix it is _ future but, well, the first way to fix it is everybody— future but, well, the first way to fix it is everybody that _ future but, well, the first way to fix it is everybody that launchesl fix it is everybody that launches has to _ fix it is everybody that launches has to be — fix it is everybody that launches has to be responsible _ fix it is everybody that launches has to be responsible for- fix it is everybody that launches has to be responsible for not i has to be responsible for not putting — has to be responsible for not putting any— has to be responsible for not putting any space _ has to be responsible for not putting any space junk- has to be responsible for not putting any space junk up. if| has to be responsible for not i putting any space junk up. if we can stop that _ putting any space junk up. if we can stop that proliferation _ putting any space junk up. if we can stop that proliferation then, - putting any space junk up. if we can stop that proliferation then, other l stop that proliferation then, other than mother— stop that proliferation then, other than mother nature _ stop that proliferation then, other than mother nature bringing - stop that proliferation then, other than mother nature bringing it - stop that proliferation then, other i than mother nature bringing it down by the _ than mother nature bringing it down by the gravitational— than mother nature bringing it down by the gravitational pull _ than mother nature bringing it down by the gravitational pull that - than mother nature bringing it down by the gravitational pull that will- by the gravitational pull that will eventually — by the gravitational pull that will eventually take _ by the gravitational pull that will eventually take it _ by the gravitational pull that will eventually take it into _ by the gravitational pull that will eventually take it into the - by the gravitational pull that willi eventually take it into the earth's atmosphere _ eventually take it into the earth's atmosphere and _ eventually take it into the earth's atmosphere and it _ eventually take it into the earth's atmosphere and it will— eventually take it into the earth's atmosphere and it will burn - eventually take it into the earth's atmosphere and it will burn up, i atmosphere and it will burn up, other— atmosphere and it will burn up, other pieces _ atmosphere and it will burn up, other pieces that _ atmosphere and it will burn up, other pieces that are _ atmosphere and it will burn up, other pieces that are large, - atmosphere and it will burn up, | other pieces that are large, that are higher— other pieces that are large, that are higher up. _ other pieces that are large, that are higher up, were— other pieces that are large, that are higher up, were going - other pieces that are large, that are higher up, were going to- other pieces that are large, that i are higher up, were going to have other pieces that are large, that - are higher up, were going to have to id are higher up, were going to have to go up— are higher up, were going to have to go upand— are higher up, were going to have to go upand toe— are higher up, were going to have to go upand toe the— are higher up, were going to have to go up and toe the much _ are higher up, were going to have to go up and toe the much higher- are higher up, were going to have to go up and toe the much higher into. are higher up, were going to have to| go up and toe the much higher into a graveyard _ go up and toe the much higher into a graveyard orbit. _ go up and toe the much higher into a graveyard orbit. fis— go up and toe the much higher into a graveyard orbit-— graveyard orbit. as we know it was president trumper _ graveyard orbit. as we know it was president trumper wanted - graveyard orbit. as we know it was president trumper wanted to - graveyard orbit. as we know it was. president trumper wanted to return unto the men for the first time since 1972. how committed is the current administration to that goal and what is the purpose of putting man back up the? the and what is the purpose of putting man back up the?— man back up the? the goal is not only committed _ man back up the? the goal is not only committed but _ man back up the? the goal is not only committed but it _ man back up the? the goal is not only committed but it is - man back up the? the goal is not only committed but it is here. - man back up the? the goal is not| only committed but it is here. we are going —

only committed but it is here. we are going back— only committed but it is here. we are going back next— only committed but it is here. we are going back next year. - only committed but it is here. we are going back next year. why, i only committed but it is here. we. are going back next year. why, not to go— are going back next year. why, not to go to _ are going back next year. why, not to go to the — are going back next year. why, not to go to the moon, _ are going back next year. why, not to go to the moon, we _ are going back next year. why, not to go to the moon, we have - are going back next year. why, not to go to the moon, we have been i to go to the moon, we have been there _ to go to the moon, we have been there half—century— to go to the moon, we have been there half—century ago. _ to go to the moon, we have been there half—century ago. they - to go to the moon, we have been there half—century ago. they are i there half—century ago. they are going _ there half—century ago. they are going back— there half—century ago. they are going back to— there half—century ago. they are going back to utilise _ there half—century ago. they are going back to utilise that - going back to utilise that environment _ going back to utilise that environment to- going back to utilise that environment to learn - going back to utilise that environment to learn in. going back to utilise that - environment to learn in order to going back to utilise that _ environment to learn in order to be able to— environment to learn in order to be able to create — environment to learn in order to be able to create an _ environment to learn in order to be able to create an event _ environment to learn in order to be able to create an event so - environment to learn in order to be able to create an event so that - environment to learn in order to be able to create an event so that we. able to create an event so that we can send — able to create an event so that we can send humans— able to create an event so that we can send humans all— able to create an event so that we can send humans all the - able to create an event so that we can send humans all the way- able to create an event so that we can send humans all the way to i able to create an event so that we - can send humans all the way to mars. given— can send humans all the way to mars. given the _ can send humans all the way to mars. given the rivalry — can send humans all the way to mars. given the rivalry between _ can send humans all the way to mars. given the rivalry between the - can send humans all the way to mars. given the rivalry between the us - can send humans all the way to mars. given the rivalry between the us and. given the rivalry between the us and china as the two biggest economies on earth both desperate to secure resources for growth, is it inevitable that this rivalry will move to the moon and to the rest of space? it move to the moon and to the rest of sace? . . , move to the moon and to the rest of sace? ., ., , , . move to the moon and to the rest of s-ace? ., ., , , . ., move to the moon and to the rest of sace? . . , , . ., ., space? it already is. we are in a sace space? it already is. we are in a space race _ space? it already is. we are in a space race with _ space? it already is. we are in a space race with china _ space? it already is. we are in a space race with china to - space? it already is. we are in a space race with china to go - space? it already is. we are in a space race with china to go back space? it already is. we are in a i space race with china to go back to the moon. — space race with china to go back to the moon. and _ space race with china to go back to the moon. and what— space race with china to go back to the moon. and what i— space race with china to go back to the moon. and what i want- space race with china to go back to the moon. and what i want to - space race with china to go back to. the moon. and what i want to make sure is— the moon. and what i want to make sure is that — the moon. and what i want to make sure is that we _ the moon. and what i want to make sure is that we get _ the moon. and what i want to make sure is that we get there _ the moon. and what i want to make sure is that we get there first - sure is that we get there first because _ sure is that we get there first because we _ sure is that we get there first because we are _ sure is that we get there first because we are a _ sure is that we get there first because we are a signatory i sure is that we get there first| because we are a signatory of sure is that we get there first - because we are a signatory of the artemis _ because we are a signatory of the artemis records _ because we are a signatory of the artemis records and _ because we are a signatory of the artemis records and the - because we are a signatory of the artemis records and the artemis. artemis records and the artemis accords — artemis records and the artemis accords are _ artemis records and the artemis accords are a _ artemis records and the artemis accords are a set _ artemis records and the artemis accords are a set of— artemis records and the artemis accords are a set of standards i artemis records and the artemis i accords are a set of standards now signed _ accords are a set of standards now signed by— accords are a set of standards now signed by 27— accords are a set of standards now signed by 27 nations, _ accords are a set of standards now signed by 27 nations, the - accords are a set of standards now signed by 27 nations, the last- accords are a set of standards now signed by 27 nations, the last of. signed by 27 nations, the last of which _ signed by 27 nations, the last of which was — signed by 27 nations, the last of which was india. _ signed by 27 nations, the last of which was india. that _ signed by 27 nations, the last of which was india. that we - signed by 27 nations, the last of which was india. that we will. signed by 27 nations, the last of. which was india. that we will use space _ which was india. that we will use space for— which was india. that we will use space for peaceful—

which was india. that we will use space for peaceful purposes - which was india. that we will use space for peaceful purposes and. which was india. that we will use . space for peaceful purposes and we will respect — space for peaceful purposes and we will respect other— space for peaceful purposes and we will respect other peoples - space for peaceful purposes and we will respect other peoples rights . will respect other peoples rights and the — will respect other peoples rights and the international— will respect other peoples rights and the international space - will respect other peoples rights i and the international space treaty and the international space treaty and earlier— and the international space treaty and earlier document _ and the international space treaty and earlier document says - and the international space treaty and earlier document says that. and the international space treaty. and earlier document says that you will not _ and earlier document says that you will not claim — and earlier document says that you will not claim territory— and earlier document says that you will not claim territory on - and earlier document says that you will not claim territory on any- will not claim territory on any celestial— will not claim territory on any celestial body. _ will not claim territory on any celestial body. now, - will not claim territory on any celestial body. now, what . will not claim territory on any celestial body. now, what i i will not claim territory on any. celestial body. now, what i am concerned _ celestial body. now, what i am concerned about _ celestial body. now, what i am concerned about is _ celestial body. now, what i am concerned about is that - celestial body. now, what i am concerned about is that we - celestial body. now, what i amj concerned about is that we find water _ concerned about is that we find water on — concerned about is that we find water on the _ concerned about is that we find water on the south _ concerned about is that we find water on the south pole - concerned about is that we find water on the south pole of- concerned about is that we find water on the south pole of the| concerned about is that we find - water on the south pole of the moon, china _ water on the south pole of the moon, china gets _ water on the south pole of the moon, china gets their— water on the south pole of the moon, china gets their and _ water on the south pole of the moon, china gets their and china _ water on the south pole of the moon, china gets their and china says, - china gets their and china says, this is— china gets their and china says, this is our— china gets their and china says, this is our area, _ china gets their and china says, this is our area, you _ china gets their and china says, this is our area, you can't- china gets their and china says, this is our area, you can't come| this is our area, you can't come here. _ this is our area, you can't come here. it — this is our area, you can't come here. it is — this is our area, you can't come here. it is ours. _ this is our area, you can't come here, it is ours. do _ this is our area, you can't come here, it is ours. do you - this is our area, you can't come here, it is ours. do you happenj this is our area, you can't come i here, it is ours. do you happen to remember— here, it is ours. do you happen to rememberwhat_ here, it is ours. do you happen to remember what happened - here, it is ours. do you happen to remember what happened to - here, it is ours. do you happen to remember what happened to the i remember what happened to the islands— remember what happened to the islands in— remember what happened to the islands in the _ remember what happened to the islands in the south _ remember what happened to the islands in the south china - remember what happened to the islands in the south china sea? i remember what happened to the . islands in the south china sea? that islands in the south china sea? that is what _ islands in the south china sea? that is what i _ islands in the south china sea? that is what i don't — islands in the south china sea? that is what i don't want _ islands in the south china sea? that is what i don't want to _ islands in the south china sea? that is what i don't want to happen - islands in the south china sea? that is what i don't want to happen on i is what i don't want to happen on the south — is what i don't want to happen on the south pole _ is what i don't want to happen on the south pole or— is what i don't want to happen on the south pole or any— is what i don't want to happen on the south pole or any part- is what i don't want to happen on the south pole or any part of- is what i don't want to happen on the south pole or any part of the| the south pole or any part of the moon— the south pole or any part of the moon or— the south pole or any part of the moon or any— the south pole or any part of the moon or any other— the south pole or any part of the moon or any other celestial- the south pole or any part of the. moon or any other celestial body. the south pole or any part of the . moon or any other celestial body. it should _ moon or any other celestial body. it should be _ moon or any other celestial body. it should be for— moon or any other celestial body. it should be for all— moon or any other celestial body. it should be for all nations. _ moon or any other celestial body. it should be for all nations. to - moon or any other celestial body. it should be for all nations.— should be for all nations. to get intelligence _

should be for all nations. to get intelligence about _ should be for all nations. to get intelligence about china's - should be for all nations. to get intelligence about china's space | intelligence about china's space race? i'mjust intelligence about china's space race? i'm just basically wondering if you think you can beat them? up there? ~ ., ., ., ., there? well, are going to land in another two _ there? well, are going to land in another two or _ there? well, are going to land in another two or three _ there? well, are going to land in another two or three years. - there? well, are going to land in. another two or three years. china, which _ another two or three years. china, which has — another two or three years. china, which has had _ another two or three years. china, which has had a _ another two or three years. china, which has had a very— another two or three years. china, which has had a very good - another two or three years. china, which has had a very good space i which has had a very good space programme. _ which has had a very good space programme, they've _ which has had a very good space programme, they've made - which has had a very good space programme, they've made hugej programme, they've made huge advances— programme, they've made huge advances in— programme, they've made huge advances in the _ programme, they've made huge advances in the last _ programme, they've made huge advances in the last decade, - programme, they've made huge. advances in the last decade, they most _ advances in the last decade, they most recently _ advances in the last decade, they most recently said _ advances in the last decade, they most recently said 2030. - advances in the last decade, they most recently said 2030. they. advances in the last decade, they. most recently said 2030. they said that publicly. — most recently said 2030. they said that publicly. but— most recently said 2030. they said that publicly. but i— most recently said 2030. they said that publicly. but i suspect - most recently said 2030. they said that publicly. but i suspect that- that publicly. but i suspect that they are — that publicly. but i suspect that they are trying _ that publicly. but i suspect that they are trying to _ that publicly. but i suspect that they are trying to do _ that publicly. but i suspect that they are trying to do it - that publicly. but i suspect that they are trying to do it earlier. i they are trying to do it earlier. let they are trying to do it earlier. let me — they are trying to do it earlier. let me end _ they are trying to do it earlier. let me end on _ they are trying to do it earlier. let me end on this. _ they are trying to do it earlier. let me end on this. you - they are trying to do it earlier. let me end on this. you have. they are trying to do it earlier. - let me end on this. you have been up there. what is it like up in space? you get a whole different perspective. _ you get a whole different perspective. you - you get a whole different perspective. you can see| you get a whole different - perspective. you can see with the naked _ perspective. you can see with the naked eye — perspective. you can see with the naked eye how— perspective. you can see with the naked eye how we _ perspective. you can see with the naked eye how we are _ perspective. you can see with the naked eye how we are messing i perspective. you can see with the naked eye how we are messing it| perspective. you can see with the . naked eye how we are messing it up, cutting _ naked eye how we are messing it up, cutting down — naked eye how we are messing it up, cutting down the _ naked eye how we are messing it up, cutting down the rainforest _ naked eye how we are messing it up, cutting down the rainforest in - naked eye how we are messing it up, cutting down the rainforest in the - cutting down the rainforest in the upper— cutting down the rainforest in the upper arm — cutting down the rainforest in the upper arm is _ cutting down the rainforest in the upper arm is on. _ cutting down the rainforest in the upper arm is on, you _ cutting down the rainforest in the upper arm is on, you can - cutting down the rainforest in the upper arm is on, you can see - cutting down the rainforest in the upper arm is on, you can see all. cutting down the rainforest in the . upper arm is on, you can see all of that from — upper arm is on, you can see all of that from space. _ upper arm is on, you can see all of that from space. i— upper arm is on, you can see all of that from space. i didn't _ upper arm is on, you can see all of that from space. i didn't see - upper arm is on, you can see all of that from space. i didn't see racial| that from space. i didn't see racial division _ that from space. i didn't see racial division and — that from space. i didn't see racial division and i_ that from space. i didn't see racial division and i didn't _ that from space. i didn't see racial division and i didn't see _ that from space. i didn't see racial division and i didn't see religious. division and i didn't see religious division. —

division and i didn't see religious division. and _ division and i didn't see religious division, and i— division and i didn't see religious division, and i didn't— division and i didn't see religious division, and i didn't see - division and i didn't see religious| division, and i didn't see political division. — division, and i didn't see political division. i— division, and i didn't see political division. i we _ division, and i didn't see political division, i we were _ division, and i didn't see political division, i we were all— division, and i didn't see political division, i we were all in- division, and i didn't see political division, i we were all in this - division, i we were all in this together. _ division, i we were all in this together. as _ division, i we were all in this together. as citizens - division, i we were all in this together. as citizens of- division, i we were all in this i together. as citizens of planet earth — together. as citizens of planet earth it — together. as citizens of planet earth. it changes _ together. as citizens of planet earth. it changes your- together. as citizens of planet - earth. it changes your perspective. bill nelson. — earth. it changes your perspective. bill nelson, the _ earth. it changes your perspective. bill nelson, the big _ earth. it changes your perspective. bill nelson, the big boss _ earth. it changes your perspective. bill nelson, the big boss of- earth. it changes your perspective. bill nelson, the big boss of nasa,. bill nelson, the big boss of nasa, an absolute pleasure having you on the show, my friend. good luck with everything and we will talk to you soon. that is it for today's show. you can follow me on twitter. tweet me and i will treat you back. you can get me on bbc. i will see you soon. goodbye.

live from london, this is bbc news.