shafing sharing of power between the executive _ sharing of power between the executive and - between the executive and legislative bodies was a source of great between the executive and legislative bodies was a source of great admiration between the executive and legislative bodies was a source of great admiration for between the executive and legislative bodies was a source of great admiration for enlightened minds, it was montesquieu who presented the theory of the separation of power, but he also saw it put into practice on the other side of the english channel, and it was also in london that voltaire wrote letters concerning the english nation, and then there was mirabeau, who had been a victim of arbitrary royal decisions, and he had great admiration for british happiest corpus, and he wrote observations of an english and published his criticism of french prisons. in his book he gave credit to our neighbours, your subjects, with the greatest respect for human rights for this nation, as they have so gloriously learned them. this is obviously a reference to the 1688 glorious revolution. it was a

century after that revolution, in 1788, that the same mirabeau defied the king of france and set the will of the people against the king, with the first national assembly, the first parliamentary body, and this was quite simply his ambition, to transpose the british model of constitutional monarchy. in the end, it was the english who almost had the french revolution, but in france developed towards another system and on the 21st of september exactly 231 years ago to the day, the republic was born. and so our two pupils have been watching one another, influencing one another, have for many years been rivals, but for more than a century have always been allies to defend democracy and human rights. the different commemorations

we have recall this and next year, in 2024, we shall be celebrating the 120th anniversary of the entente cordiale and the 80th anniversary of the normandy landings. and as vera lynn saying, we shall meet again, we shall meet again to continue to seal this compact of friendship and the long partnership which has united us on everything essential. today, war has returned to european soil, and we can see threats to the most fundamental values by illegal and illegitimate use of force. 0ur fundamental values by illegal and illegitimate use of force. our two countries once again are together on the same side, the side of international law and respect for human rights. as two permanent members of the united nations security council, two members of nato, as two influential democracies

capable of getting on, we can see that this is important in a world which is subject to so many destabilising forces and so much misinformation. now, as a woman, as the first female president, or speaker, of the french parliamentary assembly, i would like to applaud the memory of the british women who, earlier than was the case in france, got people's minds changing so that they had the same rights as the other half of the human race. so, i would like to think now of the english suffragettes who won their cause as early as 1918, and i want to say that when the french observed these british women and their commitment and their civil sense of responsibility, particularly in challenges of war, and we can say that perhaps that influenced general de gaulle to sign the ordnance on

the 21st of april 1944 which finally gave french women the right to vote. it was also in london during the war that a young frenchman who had joined the free french forces discovered that you could buy contraceptive products in the pharmacies, and this was an opportunity for women to control the birth of children. his name was... he was a future member of the lower house and the upper house of parliament here and in 1967 the contraceptive pill was legalised in france, so it is time when we can see that women's rights are being challenged and diced around the world, at a time, that this is an important episode to recall. —— jeopardised. freedom cannot be divided up into parts, we are either free or we are not, and we want to be free in every possible aspect of life. your majesty, our two democracies will continue to move ahead towards a common ideal of

freedom and respect for human dignity. each democracy does it in its way at its own pace but always hand—in—hand, when we have to stand firm. i know that together we shall move ahead and will have the world move ahead and will have the world move ahead and will have the world move ahead for the environment and biodiversity, and we know that you are personally committed to this and have been ever since your youth. this is a major challenge, it is a major issue for the millennium, and we know that marianne and britain will remain two sisters together. as winston churchill said in the house of commons, the almighty in his infinite wisdom did not deem it fitting to create the french in the image of the english. and he also said, france and great britain found their way to freedom by very different paths. but as long as they

fight together, as long as they have a common cause, it will be very dangerous to provoke them and very difficult to beat them. your majesty, it is impossible in the space ofjust a few minutes to summarise centuries of life as neighbours and partners on so many occasions, but i know that we understand one another and we shall continue to work for a common cause. 0ur continue to work for a common cause. our two countries agreed to restore the wonderful bio tapestry, and we know that there will be an enthusiastic pursuit of this first comicstrip in history, and that is why at the moment —— bayeux tapestry —— and that is why i am proud to say, on behalf of the french parliament, welcome to france.

applause translation: ~ . ., applause translation: ., .,~' applause translation: ., ., translation: madame speaker of the lower house of — translation: madame speaker of the lower house of parliament _ translation: madame speaker of the lower house of parliament come - translation: madame speaker of the lower house of parliament come a - lower house of parliament come a foreign— lower house of parliament come a foreign secretary, foreign, commonwealth and develop man, ambassadors, dmm is of parliament, your majesty... this is an unprecedented moment that we are experiencing here with your majesty as you _ experiencing here with your majesty as you honour us with your presence in the _ as you honour us with your presence in the senate chamber where we have the french— in the senate chamber where we have the french parliament represented for the _ the french parliament represented for the first time in the centuries of history— for the first time in the centuries of history of our two countries, a british— of history of our two countries, a british sovereign will be speaking to the _ british sovereign will be speaking to the french parliament, with both chambers _ to the french parliament, with both chambers assembled together and with all the _ chambers assembled together and with all the different political parties.

please _ all the different political parties. please allow me to extend a welcome to the _ please allow me to extend a welcome to the speaker of the lower house and to— to the speaker of the lower house and to all the members of the lower house _ and to all the members of the lower house who _ and to all the members of the lower house who are seated here today next to your _ house who are seated here today next to your senator colleaguse. i also have _ to your senator colleaguse. i also have the — to your senator colleaguse. i also have the pleasure of extending a welcome — have the pleasure of extending a welcome to the members of the house of commons and house of lords, who have joined _ of commons and house of lords, who have joined this morning. your majesty, you wanted to make the one public— your majesty, you wanted to make the one public speech that you will be making _ one public speech that you will be making here on your state visit here in the _ making here on your state visit here in the french— making here on your state visit here in the french parliament. this shows the esteem — in the french parliament. this shows the esteem that you have, the esteem you have, _ the esteem that you have, the esteem you have, for— the esteem that you have, the esteem you have, for the partnership between _ you have, for the partnership between the oldest parliamentary nation _ between the oldest parliamentary nation and the french parliamentary system, _ nation and the french parliamentary system, from heaviest corpus to the bill of _ system, from heaviest corpus to the bill of rights, the united kingdom

opens— bill of rights, the united kingdom opens the path for modern parliamentary system. there was for example _ parliamentary system. there was for example chateau breonna who attended the british— example chateau breonna who attended the british parliament and wrote in his memoirs, that freedom contained in the _ his memoirs, that freedom contained in the limits— his memoirs, that freedom contained in the limits of order seemed to emerge — in the limits of order seemed to emerge from the struggle of westminster. i am convinced that parliamentary democracy is the greatest — parliamentary democracy is the greatest antidote which helps us balance — greatest antidote which helps us balance political passion and of course — balance political passion and of course between our two countries, it really _ course between our two countries, it really is _ course between our two countries, it really is a _ course between our two countries, it really is a matter of passion. sometimes we've been enemies, often we've _ sometimes we've been enemies, often we've heeri— sometimes we've been enemies, often we've been allies, and for a long time _ we've been allies, and for a long time we've — we've been allies, and for a long time we've been competitors. but the united _ time we've been competitors. but the united kingdom and france have a 'oint united kingdom and france have a joint fate. — united kingdom and france have a joint fate, a joint destiny. in the darkest— joint fate, a joint destiny. in the darkest hours, the united kingdom was a _ darkest hours, the united kingdom was a refuge for all french citizens who were — was a refuge for all french citizens who were forced into exile, there was even —

who were forced into exile, there was even a — who were forced into exile, there was even a time injune 1940 when the capital— was even a time injune 1940 when the capital of france was, you could say, transported to london, so that together— say, transported to london, so that together we could build a rampart against _ together we could build a rampart against totalitarianism and the empire — against totalitarianism and the empire of brutal forces. after much to more _ empire of brutal forces. after much to more and — empire of brutal forces. after much to more and in a state of an versa to more and in a state of an versa to "— to more and in a state of an versa to -- a— to more and in a state of an versa to -- a state _ to more and in a state of an versa to —— a state of adversity, victor hugo— to —— a state of adversity, victor hugo had — to —— a state of adversity, victor hugo had a _ to —— a state of adversity, victor hugo had a prophetic view, and he, too, was _ hugo had a prophetic view, and he, too, was a — hugo had a prophetic view, and he, too, was a senator, he said, england shall— too, was a senator, he said, england shall always — too, was a senator, he said, england shall always be a sister to france. today. _ shall always be a sister to france. today. as — shall always be a sister to france. today, as we will soon commemorate, in spring _ today, as we will soon commemorate, in spring next— today, as we will soon commemorate, in spring next year, the 80th anniversary of the normandy landings, the destiny of the united kingdom _ landings, the destiny of the united kingdom is closely linked, so closely— kingdom is closely linked, so closely linked, to the future of the european — closely linked, to the future of the european continent. brexit has changed — european continent. brexit has changed nothing to that. your nation is a key— changed nothing to that. your nation is a key player for security in

europe _ is a key player for security in europe. the united kingdom and france _ europe. the united kingdom and france are — europe. the united kingdom and france are two nations with military tradition. _ france are two nations with military tradition, and your country has never— tradition, and your country has never been _ tradition, and your country has never been invaded, well, except for william _ never been invaded, well, except for william the _ never been invaded, well, except for william the conqueror, who was a french— william the conqueror, who was a french before his time. and the united — french before his time. and the united kingdom and france have had many— united kingdom and france have had many challenges, but have always respected — many challenges, but have always respected one another, since the entente — respected one another, since the entente cordial, almost 120 years ago. _ entente cordial, almost 120 years ago. we _ entente cordial, almost 120 years ago, we have stood together side by side. ago, we have stood together side by side 0ur— ago, we have stood together side by side. 0ur nations are faithful to their— side. 0ur nations are faithful to their vocation and have provided support— their vocation and have provided support for ukraine which has been attacked _ support for ukraine which has been attacked and invaded. your majesty, you have _ attacked and invaded. your majesty, you have followed the example of queen _ you have followed the example of queen elizabeth ii, who visited the senate _ queen elizabeth ii, who visited the senate on — queen elizabeth ii, who visited the senate on her state visit in 2004. but in _ senate on her state visit in 2004. but in addition to the respect we showed — but in addition to the respect we showed it— but in addition to the respect we showed it to the queen, i would also

like to— showed it to the queen, i would also like to applaud the fact that we can see that _ like to applaud the fact that we can see that there is attributed unpaid to the _ see that there is attributed unpaid to the different parts of the republic and british sovereigns have travelled _ republic and british sovereigns have travelled through these different parts _ travelled through these different parts of— travelled through these different parts of france and they are represented here by the senate. we have attributed to the diversity of different — have attributed to the diversity of different regions and landscapes that you — different regions and landscapes that you are so interested in, one of the _ that you are so interested in, one of the great — that you are so interested in, one of the great causes of our time. local— of the great causes of our time. local authorities in our two countries _ local authorities in our two countries have formed so many bonds between _ countries have formed so many bonds between themselves and are the soundest— between themselves and are the soundest basis of our friendship. through— soundest basis of our friendship. through these different regions, we can see _ through these different regions, we can see the genius of a nation be in for. can see the genius of a nation be in for~ this _ can see the genius of a nation be in for~ this idea — can see the genius of a nation be in for. this idea is not mine, it comes from _ for. this idea is not mine, it comes from the _ for. this idea is not mine, it comes from the most french of british historians. _ from the most french of british historians, theodore seldon, who wrote _ historians, theodore seldon, who wrote in— historians, theodore seldon, who wrote in the history of french passion, — wrote in the history of french passion, that it was through such

genius _ passion, that it was through such genius that a nation was forged, and we can— genius that a nation was forged, and we can see _ genius that a nation was forged, and we can see that it was a british historian — we can see that it was a british historian of great talent who managed to decipher the ins and outs of french— managed to decipher the ins and outs of french passion. —— theodore zeldin — of french passion. —— theodore zeldin. there are very few european countries _ zeldin. there are very few european countries like the united and france who have _ countries like the united and france who have managed to see the world as one entity— who have managed to see the world as one entity and have managed to have links built _ one entity and have managed to have links built on solidarity between both countries. we can see that with the world _ both countries. we can see that with the world with its greater divides between — the world with its greater divides between north and south, which only serves— between north and south, which only serves ambitions for power, and neocolonialism, is the practice of predatory— neocolonialism, is the practice of predatory states and not of the colonising powers of the past. repentance is an arm and must not divide _ repentance is an arm and must not divide. france and the united kingdom _ divide. france and the united kingdom have the means to offer a different—

kingdom have the means to offer a different horizon, with different approaches and safety. the time has come _ approaches and safety. the time has come to— approaches and safety. the time has come to bring together the great families— come to bring together the great families of the commonwealth and of francophone countries, so that we can for— francophone countries, so that we can for our— francophone countries, so that we can for our ambition with the common language _ can for our ambition with the common language is _ can for our ambition with the common language is. we can see what winston churchill— language is. we can see what winston churchill said, the more you make progress _ churchill said, the more you make progress in — churchill said, the more you make progress in french, the more you understand — progress in french, the more you understand my english. and i must say that— understand my english. and i must say that that suits me very well, given— say that that suits me very well, given my— say that that suits me very well, given my level of english. applause translation: ., ,y translation: your ma'esty, her ma'es translation: your ma'esty, her majesty oueenh translation: your majesty, her majesty queen elizabeth - translation: your majesty, her majesty queen elizabeth ii - translation: your majesty, her majesty queen elizabeth ii stated j translation: your majesty, her. majesty queen elizabeth ii stated in 1996, majesty queen elizabeth ii stated in 1996. on— majesty queen elizabeth ii stated in 1996, on the occasion of another state _ 1996, on the occasion of another state visit, — 1996, on the occasion of another state visit, which was that of president chirac, who had gone to london. _ president chirac, who had gone to london, she said, we may not drive on the _ london, she said, we may not drive on the same — london, she said, we may not drive on the same side of the road, but it

is equally— on the same side of the road, but it is equally true that we are moving ahead _ is equally true that we are moving ahead in— is equally true that we are moving ahead in the same direction. and such— ahead in the same direction. and such wit— ahead in the same direction. and such wit in— ahead in the same direction. and such wit in which we see as such typically— such wit in which we see as such typically british humour, shows that it is a _ typically british humour, shows that it is a very— typically british humour, shows that it is a very key truth here, we can follow— it is a very key truth here, we can follow different parts, we often follow — follow different parts, we often follow diverging parts, but there is a constant — follow diverging parts, but there is a constant element which defies any lo-ic a constant element which defies any logic or— a constant element which defies any logic or any— a constant element which defies any logic or any geographical aspect, we can say— logic or any geographical aspect, we can say that london always brings us back to _ can say that london always brings us back to paris — can say that london always brings us back to paris and paris always takes us back— back to paris and paris always takes us back to _ back to paris and paris always takes us back to london. 50, this is french— us back to london. 50, this is french cartesian spirit paying tribute — french cartesian spirit paying tribute to the humour and wit of the british _ tribute to the humour and wit of the british your— tribute to the humour and wit of the british. your majesty, through the parliamentarians here this morning, the entire _ parliamentarians here this morning, the entire french nation is here to listen _ the entire french nation is here to listen to— the entire french nation is here to listen to you. applause

translation: president of the senate, speaker _ translation: president of the senate, speaker of _ translation: president of the senate, speaker of the - translation: president of the senate, speaker of the lower i senate, speaker of the lower house... dearsenators, dear members of the lower house. thank you a thousand times over for your very moving messages. iam thousand times over for your very moving messages. i am flattered to have been invited here by the presidents of the two chambers to

speak here at this illustrious setting, which can be seen as the upper house of french parliament since 1789. i am well aware that i am visiting before the official resumption of the two sessions of parliament, so i must apologise to have interrupted your holidays. this is why i am very moved to see you present here today. your long—lived democracy can be seen in the long friendship which brings our nations and pupils together. —— peoples. 0ur

partnership is built on a shared experience and it is of vital importance, as we face the challenges of the world. quite simple, the united kingdom shall always be one of the closest allies and one of the best friends of france. yesterday, my wife and i started our visit at the tomb of the unknown soldier. there, we commemorated all those who died to defend the freedom which is so dear to our two countries. at the heart of this great nation, we paid silent tribute, standing together in solidarity, side by side with you, as our countries stood side by side so often in the past. i was reminded

that it was there at the arc de triomphe 16 months ago that, with characteristic generosity of spirit, you marked the platinum jubilee of my beloved mother the late queen elizabeth ii. on that occasion, president macron described her late majesty as the golden thread that binds our nations. translation: ~ , ., translation: when my mother died last ear, translation: when my mother died last year. my — translation: when my mother died last year. my family _ translation: when my mother died last year, my family and _ translation: when my mother died last year, my family and i _ translation: when my mother died last year, my family and i were - last year, my family and i were greatly moved by the tributes made to her throughout france. this morning, i read again the very moving messages of condolence which your excellencies, the presidents of the two houses of parliament wrote at the time. you described the late

queen, her majesty, as the embodiment of british democracy, with true dignity and in all permanence. i cannot describejust how important these words were for me and for my family, or i can do is thank you and thank the people of france for the great kindness you expressed to us and to all our people at a time of such sorrow. in the rich and complex tapestry of the relationship between france and the united kingdom, the golden thread which my mother was shot always

shine forth. —— shall always shine forth. i wish for the continued inspiration to weave further bonds between our two countries with determination, with hope and with love. ladies and gentlemen, inspired and encouraged by my grandmother's and encouraged by my grandmother's and mother's example, france has been an essential part of the fabric of my own life for as long as i can remember. indeed as i have been astonished to discover, this is my 35th official visit to france. each and every time, i've been struck by the warmth of the welcome i have always received and by the immense good that can be accomplished when france and the united kingdom work together. now, on the occasion of my first state visit to france, my

belief in the indispensable relationship between our countries is as firm as it ever has been. today, in confronting the greatest challenges of our time, we continue the work of those who came before us. when general de gaulle spoke to the french people from london in june of 1940, he said, remember this, france does not stand—alone, she is not isolated, she can make common cause with the british. general de gaulle's confidence in our alliance was well—founded. two days before appel18juin, winston churchill had offered france an indissoluble political union which would have allowed out to people to

continue the fight for justice would have allowed out to people to continue the fight forjustice and freedom as a single country. just two months after that historic broadcast, my grandfather, king george vi, proudly wear the crimson ribbon legion d'honneur, joined google accompany aldershot to inspect 2500 of the french troops. the common determination expressed that day sustained us through the long and bitter years of that war and drove us forward together to victory. ——joined and drove us forward together to victory. —— joined de gaulle. translation: hs victory. -- joined de gaulle. translation:— translation: is a striking illustration _ translation: is a striking illustration of _ translation: is a striking illustration of our - translation: is a striking - illustration of our commitment to freedom and democracy, still valid today. today, our armed forces train

together as part of the french british joint expeditionary force they deploy together with the united nations peacekeeping forces and through the united nations security council, the g7 and nato. together, we have joint responsibility for european security and global security. today, more than 80 years after we were fighting side by side for the liberation of europe, we are once again up against an unjustified attack on our continent. 0ur determination and our alliance are more important than ever. together we shall stand by the people of ukraine with determined solidarity.

together we shall not move, our determination shall not be moved, ukraine will try and and our cherished freedom will prevail. —— ukraine will triumph. the fragility of so much that we hold dear. just as we stand together against military oppression, so must we strive together to protect the world from our most existential challenge of all, that of global warming, climate change and the catastrophic destruction of nature. jacques yves cousteau said with great wisdom, for most of history, man had to fight nature to survive, but in this century, he is starting

to realise that to survive, he must protect nature. this vision is even more relevant now in the 21st century. despite the extent and severity of the challenges our planet is confronted with, it is encouraging to see that measures taken by our governments and citizens and increasingly by the private sector have been taken. i think that for a long time we can see that our companies have been playing an essential role, working in partnership and in harmony with our governments and our people, and they have invested billions to develop solutions which will make it possible to have a successful transition towards a sustainable world.

translation: , ., ., ., translation: this afternoon with president macron _ translation: this afternoon with president macron i _ translation: this afternoon with president macron i shall— translation: this afternoon with president macron i shall be - translation: this afternoon with | president macron i shall be meeting corporate heads of french and british companies and their collaboration, innovation and investment in clean growth and the protection of our invaluable biodiversity are a key part of global leadership which is so essential. i have been thinking about the opportunities that we have between memos of the commonwealth and the international organisation for francophone. i sincerely hope that there will be opportunities for future collaboration, for example, we could find a way of having greater co—operation for sustainable develop in. ladies and gentlemen, our two governments are working in partnership to address so many

global challenges and yet as ever it is our people who are the true driving force of our relationship. 0urfriendship and warm driving force of our relationship. 0ur friendship and warm familiarity are fortified by each new connection between us. it is renewed by each new found joy in the culture of the other, and each reminder of how much we share. millions of us visit each other�*s countries every year, a joy that we are now rediscovering of the disruption brought by the pandemic. tens of thousands of british rugby fans are currently following their national team around france enjoying the fantastic spectacle of the rugby world cup. my son and daughter—in—law among them. even when our national teams are drawn up on opposite ends of the pitch, they

do so with mutual admiration and a shared commitment to the rules of the game. 0n shared commitment to the rules of the game. on which i will say only que le meilleur gagne. thousands of our fellow citizens have chosen to live their lives permanently on each other�*s countries. this vibrant exchange between our people makes us immeasurably stronger, happierand immeasurably stronger, happier and more immeasurably stronger, happierand more prosperous. translation: . ,, more prosperous. translation: . , translation: our artists are continuing _ translation: our artists are continuing to _ translation: our artists are continuing to find _ translation: our artists are continuing to find inspiration i translation: our artists are - continuing to find inspiration from one another as they have always done in the past. they are combining the old and new, creating and enriching

works. there are the unforgettable paintings of london by claude money, the london fog which was such a source of fascination for french visitors, some of the earliest examples and more recent examples with the ipad works by david hockney, where he has been changing landscapes in normandy. also for example the collaboration with the british designer paul smith and the picasso museum in paris. we can see here that there is universal scope in our shared artistic traditions. in fact, at this very moment, my beloved wife is celebrating this artistic partnership by launching the first franco british literary award which will be a prize for outstanding contemporary fiction works published in french and english. she is doing this at the

magnificent french national library.