this is bbc news. the headlines: armenia calls for international intervention to prevent ethnic cleansing in nagorno—karabakh, days after azerbaijan seized control. tens of thousands of ethnic armenians are seeking refuge in the enclave, they're facing dwindling food, medicine and fuel. russia's foreign minister, sergei lavrov, has accused the us and its allies of creating an "empire of lies". speaking at the united nations, he also called latest efforts to revive the black sea grain initiative "unrealistic". china reportedlyjails a prominent uyghur scholar for life, amid a years—long government crackdown against the minority ethnic group. and, nasa awaits the return of a spacecraft carrying dust samples

from what's been described as the most dangerous rock in the solar system. scientists hope the samples�* chemistry could reveal new information about the formation of the planets. now on bbc news, click. spencer kelly: this week, nick looks at meta's latest project to help people make sense of the horrors of the past. this is more than bringing back a dead person. this way, you can make that person... ..give them a thousand years of life. lara lewington: can smartphone apps really provide _ an effective alternative to hormonal contraception?

it tells you when you're not fertile and when you're - fertile. and open wide... alasdair, we'll take you through now. ..alasdair�*s taken a trip to the dentist to look at a device that may help prevent... ..well, further trips to the dentist. i think there's a misconception that once decay starts, - it has to end up in a cavity. but if we can identify. at that early white spot, then we can start to get the tooth to reform. - in the centre of london, there is a building like no other — an empty space where the public can sit, relax and look up. i have to say, of all the giant led screens i've seen in my time, this one's right up there. i mean, it's literally right up there. well, yes, and it seems like it goes on and on and on. yeah. and it also makes you feel rather dizzy looking at it. they laugh this is outernet, the largest digital exhibition space in europe.

here, an array of artists' work is displayed in its full panoramic glory. aside from the huge cube that spun laura out... you were 0k in the end, weren't you? i was. good. there are a few other spaces dotted around, too, which are used to showcase specific exhibits. this room celebrates the role that women from all backgrounds have played in shaping the creative industries. and it's just one example of immersive technology bringing us closer to the events of today and the past. but some events are hard to face, even though it's important to do so. and one of the most important is the holocaust. it's now been many decades since its horrors took place, and as time goes on, fewer survivors are around to be able to tell their stories. for a while now, researchers have been documenting them digitally so their legacy can live on for future generations. and, of course, there are now new ways to breathe new life into those memories. and nick kwek has been to meta

in berlin to find out more. nick: a stone's throw from the memorial to the murdered jews of europe, i've come to meta's offices to try its latest extended reality project. i'm the first journalist from outside germany to see the new interactive holocaust education tool. tell me, inge takes users on an audiovisualjourney into the memories of inge auerbacher, a survivor of the nazi regime. you ask inge questions by simply talking, and the artificially intelligent system will play out her response. tell me about the terrible journey. inge: one morningl when i was seven... it's a real recorded answer, not a digitally doctored version. 0h, inge's showing me something. she's opened up a box. but it's presented to you like you're inside a video game, a moving storybook, with your environment changing around you, as inge recounts more anecdotes and details from her past. that's pretty cool. so she's opened a book

and then we can see, floating up over her right—hand shoulder, the book. it's a joint project with hollywood start—up storyfile, which is now moving beyond computer screens and is stepping into uncharted virtual territory. it's a little bit tense in this space, i have to say. it feels...a bit eerie. i feel quite nervous about it all. my hands are sweating a bit, but it also is great to kind of see her stories come to life in this way. it makes you focus more on what she's saying. in a strange way, you're almost being entertained. the experience was made in partnership with unesco, claims conference and world jewish congress. you can take the story wherever you want to take the story. you can ask for it in whatever order you want to ask. i mean, you can't really ask for something more engaging at this point than that. you know, we used to sit

in...you know, in memorial museums and kind of read the texts and be told some of the stories behind them. but this is a completely different level. there are two nazi guards... ..at the gate. ..almost touch it. so far away — there was absolutely almost no chance to get out. it's really sad. well... is there a fine line, though, when it comes to designing an experience, where you want to make it engaging but maybe not too immersive? you shouldn't overwhelm someone emotionally. and i think, especially because of this, we decided to use sd animations that make things real, but it's not realistic. and so you get a sense of what was going on. and, of course, you hear from inge first—hand, but still, you know,

there's some sort of a distance because it's not like that you see real soldiers, not like you see real people getting hurt, and so on and so on. but you understand how the scenery was looking like. i've been working on genocide and holocaust commemoration issues for many years. these topics are not easy. the immersive part of it really makes you also feel like you're part of the life of the people. and seeing inge, where she is today, and seeing that there is a life for survivors and how she made a life for herself and how strong she is, is also part of, you know, the positive part of experiencing this. thanks so much forjoining us. it's a real pleasure to meet you. have you got to try the experience yourself? have you seen what you look like... yeah. ..in virtual reality? yeah, ilook... yes, i look pretty good. i was satisfied. she laughs when you read a book, sometimes you would like to speak to that person

in the book, to converse with that person. but you can't. you have to continue reading. and i think, this way, this new method gives you this insight. unfortunately, you can't ask inge any old question. it has to be in some way connected to answers that she originally recorded. but what's really clever here is how the application expands once you get to know inge more. her grandad'sjust popped up there. as your curiosity piques i and you come back to inge after the first story has been. told, you find there's a sequel to that, some follow—up that you can then ask about, - which then takes you on this journey and these branchesl through her life. and that's how we structured this, not as a linear- storytelling — we're i not watching a movie. we are actually delving. into her life and allowing, just as we would do - in conversation, different aspects of that life - to unfold as we talk to her. right now, you can only hear

from inge in english and german, but down the line, stephen says, using ai, she could be translated into various languages so everyone can access it. what was the experience like, being in the studio, being asked all these questions? i don't know. i'm a talker. i don't mind answering anything because when i'm gone, i'm gone. it's finished. history is gone. this is more than bringing back a dead person, you know, because that's not possible. but this way you can make that person... give them a thousand years of life. i think that's wonderful. lara: over the years, i we've covered the highs and the lows... spencer: a lot of lows. ..of cryptocurrencies. yeah, there are plenty of people who still hope that these unregulated digital currencies will replace traditional payments for goods and services. but the reality is you still can't buy much with crypto, which leaves it mainly as a high—risk investment. yes, crypto assets are notoriously volatile in value.

get this — according to one report, hackers have already got their hands on $200 million this year alone. so if you do hold crypto assets, what can you do to reduce those risks? cyber correspondentjoe tidy has been taking a look at crypto wallets. joe: it's estimated there could be as many as 400 million people around the world who hold cryptocurrency. but it's thought a tiny fraction, around 8 million, are securing their coins offline to protect from crypto hackers or companies collapsing. remember ftx? it's been nearly a year since that imploded, and still a million people are missing their coins. the safest way to protect your crypto is with a hardware wallet, which is, oddly, a physical device. so let's see

for ourselves, then. just how hard is it to take bitcoin from an exchange and put it onto a hardware wallet, like this? the idea of a hardware wallet is very simple. it holds the private keys to your digital wallet, making you your own bank, just as crypto's inventors envisaged. with the key stored safely off the internet on a physical device, your coins are safe. i've got hold of one of the most popular ones to test it out. so, i've got to go to the trezor website, and i've got to download their software. you've got to make sure, of course, that you put in the right web address, because this will be a prime—time... i imagine that hackers and scammers will want to get you to go on their fake trezor website or fake ledger website and hand over your bitcoin by mistake. then, you have to plug in cables and install some firmware. so far, so good. ok, so now it's telling me that i need to create a backup for my crypto wallet, and it's giving me some randomly generated words

which are my seed phrase, and, weirdly, it's asking me to write them down. this so—called "seed phrase" allows me a way back to my currency if i lose or break the hardware. so this feels like a really analogue way of securing my crypto. i've got this hardware wallet, which i've obviously... you know, they cost money, a lot of money, but then they've just given me a pen and paper. now is the potentially tricky bit. i need to somehow get my coins from the exchange... in this case, binance, one of the most popular in the world. ..onto this wallet. i had a feeling this would be where it gets tricky. how do you get your money off the exchange? ok, so i've got a qr code now for my new wallet, so i'm going to scan that with the app. invalid. right. ok, so, what do i do now?

after a bit of good, old—fashioned online troubleshooting, we're in. it's a bit worrying, this moment, because, of course, i've had this cryptocurrency for years and years. there's not much there, but just sort of trusting the process. so, here we go. i'm going to click on withdraw. just have to wait. i hope it worked. now, that was stressful and complicated, but i'm now my own crypto bank. no—one has access to my little stash apart from me, but it's also a lot of pressure. it's just such a different experience from internet banking, for example, where, you know, you send money from one person to the next, then it keeps you informed of...you know, of all the process, but it's not intuitive at all. i can see why the process is daunting to the vast majority out there, choosing to take the easier route and just hope that their coins stay safe online. as is always the case with crypto, it's a gamble.

a look at tech news. elon musk has suggested users may have to pay to use the platform and hinted it is the only way to tackle robots. we approach the company for comments but we have not received a response. the s has created the worlds most powerful laser, and it will allow scientists to examine the details of quantum materials like graphing and study how biological molecules can help create new drugs. it can help create new drugs. it can freeze—frame the atoms and molecules and watch how they interact with each other and how chemical bonds are made and broken and how the whole system evolves after that.— evolves after that. orange marine has _ evolves after that. orange marine has launched - evolves after that. orange marine has launched a - evolves after that. orange | marine has launched a new evolves after that. orange - marine has launched a new cable ship, the sophiejermaine, set to be its most advanced yet. it

prepares submarine cables in the mediterranean, black sea and red sea. the vast majority of the worlds telecommunications passes over these. and the irs 17 development, the latest apple upgrade has made improvements to autocorrect, live voicemail and transcribe a message in real time and you can record a video message when someone misses your facetime call. spencer: now, there's been a recent explosion of misinformation on social media, encouraging women to ditch hormonal contraception, due to fears about side effects. and influencers are promoting the use of apps to prevent pregnancy instead. lara: investigative journalist katie mcevinney has been - meeting women who've used these apps, with a very mixed bag of results. let's take control of our fertility. i katie: so—called natural alternatives to hormonal contraception are everywhere

on social media, from the fertility awareness method to period—tracking apps. this is my birth control. 0ne popular app is called natural cycles. with 2.5 million registered users, it sells itself as digital contraception. the company behind it says it's "93% effective with typical use". the same, they say, as the pill. camera clicks and influencers advertise it a lot. this is my app. 0k. foramelia, it's worked for five years. she tracks her fertility by measuring her temperature. you press the button. thermometer beeps so you 'ust put it under your tongue, �* and you wait for it to beep. thermometer beeps like that. and it'll tell you what your temperature is. so you put in your temperature for the day. if you're sick, it could change your temperature, obviously, like, if you didn't sleep very well, or if you're hung over. then, it kind of like discounts your temperature for that day.

that's something that i would really worry about. yeah. like, if you have a long lie or you're hung over, it would affect how accurate it is. yeah, which it definitely does. so it, like, rules out that whole temperature for that day. it tells you when you're not fertile and when you're fertile. so, when it says "not fertile", it's safe to have unprotected sex. but if it changes to red, that means you need to be more careful and use a condom if you're having sex. it's made a big difference, in that i'm not relying on a hormonal pill every day that could mess with my mood. it does take a lot of work on your part to get used to taking your temperature and putting it in the app. it works for amelia, but does it work for everyone? say hi. meet penelope, matilda's much—loved but very unexpected baby girl. boo. matilda tried the pill, the injection and the coil, but none of them suited her.

i went back to the doctor's, and within, like, a couple of weeks, i felt back to myself again, but was, of course, like, suffering with my periods still. i didn't want to go on any hormonal contraception. i don't feel like anything's suited me. i've been doing this for, like, eight years at this point, from, like, 12 to 20, where i'm either bleeding all the time or not bleeding or suffering and in pain, and theyjust kind of turned around and said that there wasn't really anything that you could do to help with that. at this point, i'm, like, 22, in a relationship, but by no means at a point where i'm ready to, like, try for a baby or have a family. she says she found natural cycles advertised on social media, and followed the apps instructions immediately. ijust saw it. i think, green and red, most people think, if you're sat at a traffic light, red means stop, green means go. i assumed the fact that i'd entered my data meant that they knew enough about my body and my cycle that i could be having unprotected sex. i had been using it from the december, and by the january, i'd found out that i was pregnant.

itjust wasn't something i think i was quite ready for at the age i was, maybe. obviously, i've come to terms with it, and i love it now, but it was definitely a massive shock. natural cycles says the app is effective from day one, and that it "will only give you green days "when it has enough data to do so." i think "effective from day one" is, like, a very bold statement to make. i think the app putting something forward that, after six months, you can be having a happy and hormone—free life, that would be a better statement to make than saying it's effective from day one. but that was definitely what attracted me to the app in the first place. it's been such a challenge, but obviously one of the best things ever. she's been brilliant. for someone who, maybe, i getting pregnant today wasn't quite the plan, but if it- happened, it would still be a happy surprise, then methods that are a bit less effective, - like the period apps, i

can be great for them. but for somebody who really| doesn't want to be pregnant. actually ditching, potentially, a very effective method - of contraception for an app that requires a lot of user. input and might be less effective... i ..is really worrying. natural cycles told us that no method of contraception is 100% effective, even when used perfectly. in a statement, it said, "less than i in 100 women become pregnant "due to the algorithm assigning a green day "when a user is fertile. "and the methods real—life effectiveness "is the same as its published rates." 0k, we're going to stay with health now. what is one thing that we should all do quite regularly but which most people don't enjoy doing? go to the dentist. yes. what is the thing the dentist

tells me to do more of every time i go? flossing? and what do i then not do for the next six months? flossing? correct. and for anybody who doesn't do their flossing properly, like him, well, a new device that alasdair keane has been to find out about could come to the rescue. it aims to identify decay before it causes a problem. have you got something stuck in your teeth there? mm—hm. alasdair: we've all been here — the long wait to see the dentist. alasdair, we'll take you through now. not always people's favourite place to be. thankfully, i'm not here for treatment, but to see the latest tech that could revolutionise detection of decay and allow changes to be made before it gets so bad you need a filling. so this is the new calcivis technology that we're talking about. basically, it's a specialised intraoral camera that's capable of actually visualising tooth decay, really, as it's happening, live. so it uses bioluminescence to be able to see calcium ions

coming off a tooth surface, which is a marker of active disease _ the inspiration for that process started somewhere unusual — deep in the sea, and bioluminescence in fish. it's a completely new form of dental imaging. if you think about radiographs, for example, x—ray, that's about giving you a snapshot of damage that's already happened to a tooth's surface. now, what our technology does is it allows you to see whether that decay is happening on the day that you're looking at that tooth surface. so it's giving you information about what's going to happen in the future, rather thanjust what's happened in the past. because of that, this device can identify the decay at such an early stage it's possible to reverse it with cleaning, meaning you won't have to go under the drill. so, in here, we have a syringe that holds the photoprotein, which is the active component that gives off light when it comes into contact with calcium on the tooth. and as it's being applied to the tooth, there's a camera. yes. so, at the end here, there's a camera. it can give you a live video feed while you're positioning and then capture the still images when the photoprotein�*s applied.

you've got some fake teeth somewhere that we can have a go with. so, at the moment, you're getting a live video feed showing on the computer, and that's used just for positioning, to make sure you're getting the tooth centred in the image. when you press the button... device clicks . .you'll hear a click. _ that's the photoprotein being applied to the tooth, and you get an image of the light coming from the photoprotein, showing where there is tooth decay. so look at this one here. this is low—level caries. so the light blue in here is showing where there's calcium ions coming from this fissure pattern. and this is the kind of level that we're really aiming at detecting. so this is where you could do something about it. you could reverse this process and prevent this becoming a cavity. back in the dental surgery, and dentists like leanne can see the impact this device could have on dental care. i think there's a misconception that, once decay starts, it has to end up in a cavity, and it's not always a big gaping hole. it starts with a small white lesion on the tooth,

and then it will progress to brown, and then eventually, because it forms from the inside out, it will start to cavitate in. and that's, most of the time, when the patient becomes aware. but if we can identify at that early white spot, then we can start to get the tooth to reform and to rebuild. but leanne and dentists in other parts of the world will have to wait a little longer for this tech. the company are going to launch in america first, early next year. we'd really like to see it. become standard of care. the move from the drill—fill. paradigm, through to a more preventive approach to dentistry is... - i mean, it's ongoing, - and we think our technology is part of enabling that move towards a more preventive . dentistry. lots of people are nervous about going to the dentist. what would you say to someone that maybe is quite nervous about this tech? i think it's about the overall environment, the overall. treatment environment- and the way that the practice sets themselves up. because if the patient knows everything that the dentist l is trying to do for them. is about avoiding cutting into a tooth... you know, it's almost a sort of before and after. - "so here is a problem .

that you have currently. "we're going to do the following. - "three months' time, i six months' time, "we're going to follow up and we're i going to show you "that we've essentially turned off that activity. " i with that reassurance, i couldn't resist the chance to get my own teeth checked out. they were fine, but i probably should remember to floss more. that was alasdair, and that's it from 0uternet. yeah. thanks for watching, and we will see you soon. bye. hello. the weather in the north atlantic is becoming a lot more turbulent. the jet stream is increasing in strength and the weather will be turning more and more unsettled in the coming days,

in fact, rest of the weekend. for some of us, it's going to be a real mixed bag with spells of wind and rain sweeping across the country. here's one such weather front that's sweeping across the uk right now. it's bringing outbreaks of rain almost anywhere. it won't be raining all the time. you can see sort of these distinct clumps of rain crossing the country, but with that, also strengthening winds. and they are coming in from the southwest. actually, remnants of an old hurricane here. so temperatures early in the morning, 16 in plymouth, even about 14 or 15 there in the lowlands of scotland. and it is a large area of low pressure ahead of it. the winds are coming in from the southwest. so a relatively warm direction. and these weather fronts will be brushing the uk all through the day on sunday. but it is not a coherent area of rain. in fact, pulses of rain sweeping across the country. could be wet for a time in the morning. then the sun will come out. then the winds will strengthen again. and then towards the second half of the afternoon, i think that's when we'll see the really heavy rain and gale—force winds around western parts of the uk.

but all the while, i think, in central and eastern parts of the uk it's not bad at all. warm by day and actually the evening is not looking bad at all either. but this is 7:00. look at that heavy rain sweeping across western parts of the uk. the wind roses there showing gusts of wind in some places, 50, 60, maybe even approaching 70 miles an hour around scottish coasts. and then that weather front sweeps across the uk monday and behind it i think it's going to be quite a strong westsouthwesterly wind. it'll bring showers to scotland, but elsewhere i think a pretty decent day and quite warm highs, approaching 20 degrees widely across england, high teens there in scotland and northern ireland. and then midweek we're watching a particularly — potentially — particularly nasty low coming our way, could bring severe gales, perhaps even stormy conditions around some coasts. so i think the time when that's going to happen will be around about wednesday. so if you're

travelling this week, especially middle parts of the week, keep track of the weather. i think we'll firm up the forecast some time late sunday and into monday. bye— bye.

good morning. welcome to breakfast with ben thompson and luxmy gopal. good morning. 0ur headlines at 6am: a final decision on hs2 to manchester is expected this week. the prime minister is under yet more pressure to confirm if the route will go ahead. a number of met police officers step back from firearms duties after one of their colleagues is charged with the murder of 24—year—old chris kaba. protestors against sewage pollution take to the beach to draw attention to water quality at seaside towns.

good morning. at night to