hello, i'm celia hatton. after a summer of extreme heat across europe, east asia and north america, the number of days where temperatures peaked above the 1.5 degree global limit have increased and broken annual record. so far in 2023, around one in three days have had global temperatures above a key marker measuring 1.5 degrees higher than pre—industrial levels. although this isn't classfied as a breach of the goal set in the paris climate treaty, officials say it is a worrying sign of things to come. our environment correspondent, matt mcgrath reports. rising temperatures are having a profound effect on our planet this year. shrinking sea ice in antarctica is posing problems for penguins and as fires took hold once again in tenerife

following record spanish heat in september, scientists said they would gobsmacked by the scale of the jumping global temperatures. now the bbc data team has found that the number of days that have breached the 1.5 c temperature threshold is also a record wake up. in 2015 in paris, political leaders agreed to permanently tackle climate change. a key element is keeping the rising global temperatures under see this century. but a bbc analysis shows that that in the year to date, one in three days were above the limit. permanently breaching the threshold will take decades, client scientists say that all these days over the level are a clear sign of things to come.— the level are a clear sign of things to come. this is a pre- warnin: things to come. this is a pre- warning for— things to come. this is a pre- warning for people _ things to come. this is a pre- warning for people to - warning for people to understand that if we have extreme events based on exceeding 1.5 for a few days here and there what will it be like on the longer term? it is a scary story but it is better

to be more prepared. we need to be more resilient and adapt quicker and deal with the root cause of what is causing the warming that we can do something about.- warming that we can do something about. warming that we can do somethin: about. ., ., h, , something about. the root cause is the ongoing — something about. the root cause is the ongoing human _ something about. the root cause is the ongoing human emissions| is the ongoing human emissions of warming gases, another element driving up bridges is el nino. this natural event sees heat surge from the pacific ocean into the atmosphere and scientists say its impact is now growing stronger. they believe that this combination will likely see 2023 gain the unwelcome title of warmest year on record. matt mcgrath, bbc news. iam nowjoined by henna hundal, a climate and policy researcher at the stanford school of medicine, and a delegate to the un climate change conferences. thank you forjoining us. if we can, focus on the 1.5 degrees marker. can you tell us again why it is so important, weight is so alarming when we go past that point? 1.5

is so alarming when we go past that point?— that point? 1.5 celsius, that coal is that point? 1.5 celsius, that goal is limiting _ that point? 1.5 celsius, that goal is limiting global - that point? 1.5 celsius, that | goal is limiting global average temperature increase to no more than 1.5 celsius above preindustrial levels. now there is much evidence to suggest that even 1.5 celsius increase will still have an effect around the world. there is a study published in thejournal of science in january this year saying that even after that threshold, that could lead to glacial mass loss which could lead to sea levels rising globally and the average about four inches which can lead to flooding and displacement of populations living near coastlines or even 1.5 c is not without an effect that on problem right now is that we are on track for more.- problem right now is that we are on track for more. take us throu~h are on track for more. take us through that _ are on track for more. take us through that more. _ are on track for more. take us through that more. if - are on track for more. take us through that more. if nothing | through that more. if nothing is done on these trends continue, what more can we expect to see? we

continue, what more can we exoect to see?— continue, what more can we expect to see? we have this interesting _ expect to see? we have this interesting implication - expect to see? we have this interesting implication of. interesting implication of average global temperature increase as mentioned as well as extreme weather events happening regionally such as wildfires and droughts and heat waves and tropical cyclones and storm surges. you have all this phenomena going on that can really impact on the population and eventually in the future will lead to an idea of climate refugees having to leave their homes. we really see that happen in ireland states where coastal erosion is an issue. it is really only a matter of time and we need to be serious about this. and climate change conferences have done a lot to try and address it but as the president in 2021 said, the pulse of 1.5 c is weak and has we end to the next meeting in november we have to make the pulse stronger. november we have to make the pulse stronger-— pulse stronger. what would you sa to pulse stronger. what would you

say to those _ pulse stronger. what would you say to those who _ pulse stronger. what would you say to those who really - pulse stronger. what would you say to those who really point i say to those who really point to the recent weather phenomena we have had by pointing to el nino and saying it is because of that, not necessarily a long—term climate change issue. how would you respond to that? el nino is a claimant phenomenon. you have above average temperature warming but in addition to that you now have the effect of human induced payment change so it is a double whammy. we do not discount the net rule claimant we add human disruption and thatis we add human disruption and that is where we are in for a lot of hurt. that is where we are in for a lot of hurt-— lot of hurt. thank you for takin: lot of hurt. thank you for taking the _ lot of hurt. thank you for taking the time - lot of hurt. thank you for taking the time to - lot of hurt. thank you for taking the time to speak| lot of hurt. thank you for. taking the time to speak to lot of hurt. thank you for- taking the time to speak to us. the united nations says it's sending investigators to the small village in ukraine's kharkiv region that suffered the deadliest attack in the country in over a year.

the local prosecutor says the attack was deliberate. the kremlin insists that russia does not target civilians. ukraine says a separate russian missile attack targeted residential buildings in kharkiv city centre today. the interior ministry said a ten—year—old boy was killed. our ukraine correspondent james waterhouse has more on the thursday's attack from the village. a symbol of innocence. against a backdrop of desperation. this playground is now the site of a deadly puzzle. it's the retrieval phase — listing, identifying who or what is left. ukraine is certain this wasn't just an act of war, but a war crime. translation: after investigation we can say it was a deliberate attack on civilians.

i can't tell how they choose the targets because i don't understand their logic. the kremlin says it always targets military sites. we saw no evidence suggesting that this was one. here's what's left of the cafe. it's a deep wound, it's a picture of finality. you see the shop next door has been blown through as well. for a moment hroza, meaning "thunderstorm", lived up to its name. some reminders of what happened might be washed away, but this small community has already been damaged. in the evening, this woman tells us she was here, at home, when she heard the explosion. translation: i ran out of the yard - and saw a plume of smoke. my husband rushed there. he came back and said our children are gone. our son—in—law was found dead but our daughter was still alive when

emergency workers arrived. she told one of them, herfriend, take me out, take me out. that's it, those were her last words. who would return my children to me? who? lyubov and her community's pain is palpable. her village is a darker place. james waterhouse, bbc news, hroza, kharkiv region. to syria now, where government forces have now launched a massive bombardment of an area of the country controlled by islamist rebels. it's in response to a drone attack on a military graduation ceremony yesterday that killed more than a hundred people. it was one of the deadliest attacks on the syrian armed forces, in the ongoing 12—year civil war. the funerals of those who died, have been taking place in the city of homs,

as frank gardner reports. a funeral for the fallen after a devastating drone attack on a military academy. one of the worst single attacks in syria's 12 years of civil war, it killed over 100 and injured hundreds more. amongst the mourners, this man, who lost his brother. and this young officer. his mother had come to watch him graduate. she died in the drone strike. translation: my mother came to celebrate my graduation. - it's the worst day. children, students, my friends, they all died. witnesses say the attack came out of nowhere, with multiple iranian—made explosive drones. most of the pictures are too graphic to show. syria's government

blames what it calls terrorist groups. syria's defence minister was at the funeral, telling people that sacrifices had to be made for the sake of the nation. he had left the ceremonyjust minutes before the attack. after years of civil war, syria is a fractured nation. president assad here controls only part of his country, that's the area shown in purple, which includes homs, the city where the attack took place. islamist rebels still hold out in the orange area right up in the north—west in idlib province, while kurdish militias operate in those green areas. and to complicate matters even further, several nations have a military presence in syria, including the us, russia, turkey and iran. within hours, the syrian government hit back, targeting civilians and rebels alike, in areas beyond its control.

yet there has been no immediate claim of responsibility for the homs drone attack. with so many competing factions in this country, it's hard to tell who or what was really behind it. frank gardner, bbc news. let's get some of the day's other news now. the authorities in ecuador says six inmates killed in a jail on friday had all been accused of involvement in the assassination of the presidential candidate, fernando villavicencio in august. officials said the men were all colombian nationals, and were killed in a jail in guayaquil. the president, guillermo lasso, said he would immediately return from new york to ecuador to convene an emergency security cabinet. a bus carrying migrants has crashed in the southern mexican state of oaxaca killing at least 18 people, including three children. the authorities say the 55 passengers were venezuelan and haitian nationals travelling north towards the mexican border with the united states. a recent un report says that the us—mexico border

is the most dangerous land migration route in the world. officials in the indian state of west bengal say that at least 42 people are known to have died in flash flooding with 150 more missing. a glacial lake in the indian himalayas burst its banks after record breaking rainfall. it's one of the worst disasters in the region in more than 50 years. the nobel peace price has been awarded to a jailed iranian human rights activist. narges mohammadi is being honoured for herfight against the oppression of women in iran where she's played a leading role in criticisng the mandatory wearing of hijabs for women. the award to mohammadi follows accusations against iran's morality police of beating this 16—year—old, armita geravand, into a coma. police deny the accusations. geravand was seen on cc—tv entering a tehran subway car sunday without a hijab, and later being dragged off unconscious.

iran authorities have now reportedly arrested the girl's mother. our diplomatic correspondent caroline hawley has more on the nobel prize winner, and the human rights situation in iran. narges mohammadi is a woman, a human rights advocate and a freedom fighter. her brave struggle has come with tremendous personal cost. altogether, the regime has arrested her 13 times, convicted her five times and sentenced her to a total of 31 years in prison and 154 lashes. ms mohammadi is still in prison as i speak. she hasn't seen her husband and children, now in exile in paris, in years. her son told the bbc she's

always in his heart. translation: i wasjust happy and proud of my mum, - just like i'm always, like yesterday and the day before that. this award belongs to iranian people. the nobel committee said the prize was also for the hundreds of thousands of iranians who've demonstrated against the theocratic regime's oppression against women. this uprising, spearheaded by women, began last september after the death in police custody of a young woman detained for allegedly not wearing her headscarf properly. 20,000 people were detained in a brutal crackdown which narges mohammadi condemned from behind bars. nazanin zaghari—ratcliffe, who was held with her, welcomed the award, saying it was for all women facing injustice. bbc persian has been monitoring the wider response on social media to today's announcement.

after a year of protests and — according to rights groups — over 500 people were killed, bad news after bad news, this nobel prize was the first piece of good news that iranians heard in over a year. and that is probably going to embolden iranian women in theirfight for democracy and freedom. but the fate of this 16—year—old girl underlines the frightening reality for women taking a stand in iran. earlier this week, she bravely tried to get on the tehran metro with her hair uncovered. allegedly beaten by iran's morality police, she's now ina coma. the awarding of the nobel peace prize to narges mohammadi sends a very strong message that the world is watching the iranian regime. caroline hawley, bbc news. four months after the destruction of the kakhovka dam in the south of ukraine, the un is warning that a lasting consequence of the disaster is set to be a lack of water in the area. ukrainian global grain exports had already been reduced

by the russian invasion, contributing to the increase in globalfood prices. now the civilians there are struggling. viktoriia zhuhan travelled to the south of ukraine, where one farmer showed her what was left of his his fields, damaged by the flood water, and the ruins of his family home. translation: here we had a fireplace- _ translation: here we had a fireplace- a — translation: here we had a fireplace. a good _ translation: here we had a fireplace. a good place - translation: here we had a fireplace. a good place for. translation: here we had a| fireplace. a good place for the family together.— fireplace. a good place for the family together. this ukrainian farmer used — family together. this ukrainian farmer used to _ family together. this ukrainian farmer used to live _ family together. this ukrainian farmer used to live here - family together. this ukrainian farmer used to live here with l farmer used to live here with his wife and their seven children. translation: ., , ,., . translation: there was so much water, the walls _ translation: there was so much water, the walls simply _ water, the walls simply collapsed. in water, the walls simply collapsed-— water, the walls simply colla sed. ., , g collapsed. in early june the destruction _ collapsed. in early june the destruction of _ collapsed. in early june the destruction of the - collapsed. in early june the | destruction of the kakhovka collapsed. in early june the - destruction of the kakhovka dam unless a devastating flood. tens of thousands of homes were washed away, including his. he posted these pleas for help on social media. before the full—scale russian invasion,

vadim successfully grew wheat, bali and some flowers, ukraine's key exports. the war has taken a toll on his business. translation: ., , ., translation: the hardest moment is when ou translation: the hardest moment is when you realise _ translation: the hardest moment is when you realise you _ translation: the hardest moment is when you realise you are - is when you realise you are knocked down as a farmer. last autumn we had 250 hectares of grain ready to harvest. russians burnt at all. then spring came, we gave it our all. then the water came, and this is the reality.— this is the reality. the effects _ this is the reality. the effects of _ this is the reality. the effects of the - this is the reality. the effects of the flood i this is the reality. the | effects of the flood can this is the reality. the - effects of the flood can also be seen in this satellite images. green fields got covered with water, and when it subsided, badly damaged soil was left. i have grown up in a flat land ukraine, buti was left. i have grown up in a flat land ukraine, but i have never seen soil like this. it is rockhard, and it is a consequence of the floodwaters. but the key question is, what happens next after the flood, and the farmers tell us they have already started re— cultivating the soil.

translation: ., ., ., ., translation: what am i going to do, c ? i translation: what am i going to do. cry? i could — translation: what am i going to do, cry? i could cry— translation: what am i going to do, cry? i could cry on _ translation: what am i going to do, cry? i could cry on my - translation: what am i going to do, cry? i could cry on my own - do, cry? i could cry on my own in private, but what would be the point. we move forward, everything will be great. but according — everything will be great. but according to _ everything will be great. but according to the un, with a key reservoir gone, the lack of water will be a challenge for farmers here.— water will be a challenge for farmers here. this will be the most significant _ farmers here. this will be the | most significant consequences in the future years, unless there is some sort of rebuilding process that takes place, that will allow to renew the irrigation again.— the irrigation again. vadym is t in: to the irrigation again. vadym is trying to do — the irrigation again. vadym is trying to do just _ the irrigation again. vadym is trying to do just that, - the irrigation again. vadym is trying to do just that, by - trying to do just that, by looking for ways to dig wells to increase water supply. but just as reconstruction got under way, devastating news hit. vadym's 20—year—old son ivan was killed by an explosive. after the russian occupation and heavy fighting, ukraine is the most mined country in the world. even in

grief, vadym refuses to give into despair. we have to be strong. translation: ~ ., strong. translation: ., ., translation: we have to live. we will make — translation: we have to live. we will make it. _ translation: we have to live. we will make it. we _ translation: we have to live. we will make it. we have - translation: we have to live. we will make it. we have good | we will make it. we have good people who deserve to live in a peaceful and flourishing ukraine. viktoriia zhuhan, bbc world service, in ukraine. a special story for you now. on what would have been his 92nd birthday, a unique digital archive dedicated to archbishop desmond tutu's teachings goes live. this ambitious project aspires to become the most extensive online biographical archive of any important figure, offering global internet users unprecedented access to the lifelong work of one of the most renowned figures in the anti—apartheid movement. iam nowjoined by dr mamphela ramphele, chairwoman of the archbishop tutu ip trust. thank you forjoining us. let's just focus on the archive for a

moment, why was it important that this would be a digital archive and not, for example, a museum where people could physically go to visit and view items from archbishop tutu's past? items from archbishop tutu's ast? ~ . items from archbishop tutu's ast? . ., ., items from archbishop tutu's ast? ~ ., ., ., past? we live in a digital age, and we know _ past? we live in a digital age, and we know that _ past? we live in a digital age, and we know that digitising i past? we live in a digital age, l and we know that digitising the ip of these global like —— this global icon will enable us to make them accessible to the world, way beyond my generation. we have always had a physical archive, generation. we have always had a physicalarchive, but generation. we have always had a physical archive, but now with digitisation, and the platform we have built and designed, we will be able to not only upload the physical

items we have, but also reach out and connect with archives in other parts of the world. we know there is archives at king's college, king's college has the most extensive archives on desmond tutu's ministry from his time as a student through to his last days. the us, particularly at which was his point of the last assignment as a visiting professor, they have extensive tutu archives. —— tutu archives. we believe we can create something for humanity, for students, teachers, and posterity. can ou teachers, and posterity. can you take _ teachers, and posterity. can you take us _ teachers, and posterity. can you take us through - teachers, and posterity. can

you take us through some of the special items in the archive and what they tell us about archbishop tutu's legacy? special items include his books, his pictures, his statements, but importantly we have his car, which is a toyota, which he bought in 2008 with money given by warren buffett. instead of buying a limo, he decided to buy a cheap toyota so that the balance of the money could be used for good purposes. now, digital images of this toyota, together with the images of many of his works, which encapsulated his values system, and his belief that we are all one human

family, all of that and his leadership style, which puts human dignity at the centre, is captured by what we have in that digital archive. i understand that you met the archbishop several times, what are your personal memories, what was he like? he are your personal memories, what was he like?— are your personal memories, what was he like? he was like our what was he like? he was like your uncle- — what was he like? he was like your uncle. the _ what was he like? he was like your uncle. the first - what was he like? he was like your uncle. the first time - what was he like? he was like your uncle. the first time i . your uncle. the first time i met him was 1975,, 1976 when he came to visit the clinic in the eastern cape where i was working as the medical officer in charge. and the memory of that visit was, after we had supper he stood up and picked up supper he stood up and picked up the dishes and went to the scullery to wash. you should have seen the eyes of my male chauvinist colleagues! what are you doing, they said! no, no.

there is no reason why you can't wash up. he said, just to let you know i still wash my children's nappies. this is the kind of man who is all human, who was never held himself to be above anyone. and believe, innately, in the equality of human beings and the dignity of human beings and the dignity of human beings.— human beings. thank you for shafinu human beings. thank you for sharing that _ human beings. thank you for sharing that with _ human beings. thank you for sharing that with us. - human beings. thank you for sharing that with us. wanqi l human beings. thank you for i sharing that with us. wanqi for speaking with us, it was a pleasure to hear your thoughts. dr mamphela ramphele, thank you. the american simone biles has become the most decorated gymnast in the history of the sport. she won her sixth all—round gold medal at the world championships in belgium. her total of 3a world and olympic medals is more than any other gymnast, male or female. the latest victories come two years after she took a break for mental health reasons

following the tokyo olympics. good to see her smile. stay with us here on bbc news. hello. this weekend is going to bring us some huge weather contrasts. for many parts of the uk, it is going to be an exceptionally warm weekend for october — that warm air pushing up from the south around this area of high pressure — but colder air digging down from the north and along the battleground between those two air masses, an active and slow—moving weather front which is going to bring heavy and persistent rain of parts of scotland. we have this met office amber warning — the potential that some places could see close to 180mm of rain, especially up over higher ground. certainly enough rain across the warning area to give some issues with flooding and travel disruption.

and as you can see, a wet start to saturday across many parts of scotland and that band of rain very slow moving through the day. whereas for northern ireland, western parts of england and wales, a bit of a murky start. that should tend to lift and clear to give some spells of sunshine. certainly, central and eastern parts of england seeing some spells of hazy sunshine through the day. but all the while, the rain continues across those central and some northern parts of scotland, where it will feel decidedly chilly — just nine degrees in aberdeen. compare that with 2a or 25 degrees across parts of south east england. now, during saturday night, the rain continues. i think the heaviest rain will tend to pull northwards across scotland. something a little bit drier developing for some of those central and southern parts. further south, some clear spells. there'll be some mist and fog patches, too. a mild night for many but quite cold in the far north of scotland, particularly shetland, just to the north of this weather front. as we head into sunday, this front will still be

plaguing some northern parts of the uk but the heaviest rain this time will be across the far north of scotland and into orkney. further south, just that little bit drier. and for northern ireland, england and wales, any early mist and fog should tend to clear. it could stay a bit murky for some coasts but we will see some spells of sunshine. not quite as warm on sunday — still up to around 23 degrees, 12 for stornoway and for aberdeen. now, the new week starts on a warm note, particularly down towards the south, but as we head through the middle part of the week, this active weather front is set to push southwards and that will introduce north—westerly winds and something more typical, really, for this time of year. so, temperatures by the end of the coming week back down closer to where we'd expect them to be at this time of year.

this is bbc news, the headlines: scientists say there have been a record number of days this year where average world temperatures have passed the threshold to more dangerous global warming. so far in 2023, around one in three days have had global temperatures at least 1.5 degrees celsius higher than pre—industrial levels. the authorities in ecuador says six inmates killed in a jail on friday had all been accused of involvement in the assassination of the presidential candidate —

fernando villavicencio in august. mr villavicencio was killed when he was campaigning ahead of the first round of the presidential election. united nations investigators are on their way to the ukrainian village where a missile strike killed more than 50 people — in one of the deadliest single attacks on civilians since russia's invasion began. the investigators will gather evidence which could be used now on bbc news, the travel show. i'm in a wild country! a place bursting with life and stunning landscapes. this is costa rica. over the past couple of decades, this small central american country has been transformed into the eco—tourism beacon of the world. each turtle is unique,

and they have a lot of things to teach me. she whistles i'll be meeting the people trying to protect