voiceover: this is bbc news. we will have the headlines for you at the top of the hour, which is straight after this programme. i think it was early 2022 when i saw my first teddy bear swimming butterfly stroke at the olympics, followed swiftly by a cute corgi living in a house made of sushi. how about you 7 all of these images, of course, were created using something called generative artificial intelligence. now, we've become used to artificially generated

images, pictures of things that have never actually existed. and then came text. at the back end of 2022, ai chatbot chatgpt emerged and within a few months people were in a frenzy. werejobs, education, love letters ever going to be the same again? what we were seeing was the emergence of something called generative ai, and although this was only a tiny part of artificial intelligence as a whole, it got us all talking about the possibilities and the risks. and for years we've been talking about how ai can enhance our lives, from the moment we wake up in the morning and our smartphone recognises our faces to the evening when we're watching our favourite streaming service and it's recommending what to watch. but suddenly people were interested and fear seemed to transcend excitement. and next week, world leaders are going to be meeting at bletchley park,

the world—famous computing site, for the ai summit, to discuss all of the issues that al has kicked up. so we thought we'd give you a reminder of some of those issues, plus some of the benefits of letting computers learn from billions, trillions of pieces of data. we start with ben derico in chicago, and then marc cieslak�*s in scotland. ben: ai art has taken a massive leap recently. i mean, this one sold for over $1i00,000 at an auction at christie's in 2018. with image generators like dall—e and stable diffusion, almost anyone can create new art in a matter of seconds. but the models that make this art don'tjust do it out of thin air. they've learned to mimic styles, even specific artists, through a process called training, where the models ingest millions, sometimes billions of images scraped from websites all around the web. combined with text describing the images, they now

have a data set that lets them create almost any type of image from a simple text prompt. it produces some interesting stuff, but the problem is, many artists never gave their consent for their art to be used in an image generator like this. so what should artists do? so we've seen art theft before, but we've never seen it at this level. this is karla ortiz. she's a concept artist in san francisco. a concept artist is a person who provides the first initial visuals to what something could be in a movie. she's designed art for magic: the gathering, and even in marvel�*s doctor strange movies. last year, she discovered her art had been scraped into an ai image data set. especially my fine art work. and that, to me, felt really invasive because i had never given anyone my permission to do that. on midjourney, another popular generator, it's incredibly easy to find posts using karla's name to generate work that looks incredibly similar to hers. and the same is true for dozens

of other artists online. so earlier this year, karla and a group of other artists filed a class action lawsuit against stability ai and a group of other ai image generators. in the meantime, karla made the decision to take her work off the internet wherever she could. she figured it was the only way to avoid a computer scraping her work into an image dataset without her consent. but what if she could still show her work online and keep it from being used to help generate new ai art? honestly, we just never had any idea that it was such an impactful problem. this is professor ben zhao from the university of chicago. he and his lab say they've developed a solution. they call it glaze. at its core, glaze uses the fact that there is this ginormous gap, difference between the way that humans see visual images and how machine learning models see visual images.

because we see things differently, glaze can make changes that are almost imperceptible to the human eye, but that dramatically alter how a machine sees it. so if you're an artist, you glaze your art, you post it online, you can rest comfortably knowing that a model that's trying to steal your style from that piece will learn a very different style that's incorrect. and when it's trying to mimic you, it willjust fail, hopefully spectacularly. as you can see, the ai artwork generated from a piece with glaze is similar in content but not really in style. to learn more, we asked the team to show us glaze in action. start here. you can see some changes - already, kind of on the texture on the... the right side one is the original and this| is the glazed one. you can see the face has, - you know, some added changes on the painting. right, so the brushstrokes are a little blotchy, or it looks like there's these kind of... ..like, yellow patches of pixels in there. yeah, exactly. yeah. if you had laid these out in front of me and just said,

"tell me what's different," i would...| would be hard pressed to tell you. all right! the promise of glaze is exciting for artists, but critics say the ai art generators are taking inspiration the same way a human does, by studying other pieces and learning from them. crucially, they say, these aren't copies. that's led the companies being sued to ask for the case against them to be dismissed. karla says, though, that's not a good comparison. i don't see one image, let alone billions of imagery, and instantly like, you know, archive it in my mind. and then i'm able to generate exact copies or similar copies in the blink of an eye. some artists have said they'd be willing to use their work with al image generators, but they say the process should be opt in, not opt out. stability ai says their new generators will be opt out going forward, and adobe says its new image generator, firefly, has only been trained on images from its stock library. but even there, adobe contributors say this type of usage was never explicit in their agreement. in the meantime, the internet being the internet, people

are already trying to break glaze and get around it. i'm under no impression that it's going to last forever and protect against every form of sort of attack. but, you know, we're hopeful that it will buy artists some time. and in the meantime, really, i'm hopeful that glaze will not be the only tool of its kind. for carla, that's the point — to buy artists time for regulation and the public to catch up. whenever people, you know, jump in on these and say, "oh, this is... wow!", they need to recognise that it is "wow" because of...you know, the work that is taken, and all of that work was taken without their consent to use to, you know, train these models so that they can generate that stuff that makes people go, "wow!" ai art is likely here to stay, so pressure from regulators,

input from artists and an informed public will be crucial to make sure these revolutionary tools are built alongside the people who helped make them possible. so just have a seat i on the chairthere... marc: june works as a health care assistant. she knows how important breast cancer screening is. i see you've had previous surgery before. yeah, that's correct. today, june is having a low level x—ray, or mammogram, performed. it's part of a local breast screening programme called gemini. so we're running this ai, as well, to see whether it's able to pick up cancers as well as the humans can. and you see these little white dots, they're the... yeah. yeah, and the ai has said, sort of slightly suspicious.

a biopsy will be performed, basically removing a small sample of body tissue and sending it for further tests. you're doing really well. here at aberdeen royal infirmary, june's scan has been reviewed by ai software as well as human clinicians. dr gerald lip demonstrates the process using anonymised scans. so what we're seeing now is a lady who's got mammograms on the left side and the right side. you're looking for differences. there is a lesion in the left breast here. and of course, this is something you would expect a human being, you could just tell there's something different in the pictures there. yeah. and if you click on this cad button, which is the ai button, there, it circle some areas for us to check. but the main area of its most concern is this area that's circled there, where the cancer is on that left side. in screening, you want to pick up things that are small before they become big. programmes like this one identify breast cancer in roughly 6 in 1,000 women. radiologists known as readers examine patient scans for signs of cancer. on average, these human readers scrutinise 5,000

mammograms a year. 250 to 300 patients will be called back, and 30 to a0 of those will require closer attention. and there is a chance that with that number, you could miss cancers. within the rules that the national screening council have given us, we're not allowed to use the ai automatically in part of the process as yet. so we are using the ai as a extra check at the end of our reading process. in 2016, a private company, kheiron medical technologies, began training an ai model called mia, using hundreds of thousands of medical scans. itsjob — to identify breast cancer. the health service is experiencing massive staff shortages. experimentation with al could eventually relieve some of that pressure. the first clinical evaluation of its kind is being carried out here. ordinarily, two human radiologists would examine

every scan, looking for conditions like breast cancer. but could the technology that's being tested here one day replace one of those human medical staff with an ai? i think the goal of this evaluation is to see what's the best way we can work with al, whether it's replacing one of the radiologists, whether it's part reading some of the normal mammograms, or whether it's to improve our cancer detection as a safety net. this project is a collaboration between the nhs, the university of aberdeen and private companies: microsoft providing cloud computing, and the ai model developed by kheiron. the next steps of the - partnership is that we are taking our ai across the uk to over 30 nhs trusts, - to over one million women, to be... . ..to be getting access to the ai screening. l it's been a few weeks sincejune�*s biopsy. i caught up with her via video call. i wondered how she felt about an ai assisting in such sensitive work. you're, you know, your images

are on screen and people are looking at them. em, whereas when it's an artificial intelligence, you...you know, that sort of bit of feeling that somebody is looking in on has gone. the biopsy showed that i do have an early stage cancer. they've certainly caught it at an earlier stage this time, but because i have had previous history with it, i'm going to go in and have a mastectomy. it's not treatment i want to have. but at the same time, it's reassuring that it's been caught. since shooting this film, june has had a mastectomy. she's now doing well. the full results of aberdeen's ai evaluation will be available in march 202a. screening programmes are crucial for improving patient outcomes. for now, medical staff are still the first line of defence in protecting against breast cancer, but ai is likely to play a significant role in future life—saving efforts.

dozens of states have sued the company mattar. it said in a statement that seeks to make teens online safe. solar cars have taken to the strain out to take place in the solar challenge. the eco— friendly teams have been resting on a 3000 kilometre track to show the potential for a solar powered future. we the potential for a solar powered future. the potential for a solar owered future. ~ ., powered future. we are driving an efficient _ powered future. we are driving an efficient car _ powered future. we are driving an efficient car design - powered future. we are driving an efficient car design and - an efficient car design and solar technology and electrical efficiency in general.

california has suspended driverless taxis on the streets after a pedestrian was dragged under a vehicle during an accident. the department of motor vehicle cited safety concerns about the service and cruise said it is pausing operations in the city. university of manchester engineers say they have learnt the largest unmanned quad copter drone built. it is made from foam board and spans six metres and took its maiden flight injuly at the aerospace flight in july at the aerospace centre. wow! lara: ai is being used i in countless ways to help humanity. but there are many respected people who are fearful that if it's left unchecked, ai could pose profound risks. spencer: yeah, and that's what governments, leading ai companies and experts will be talking about at next week's ai summit. lara has been talking to renowned computer scientist stuart russell about his concerns, both short and long term.

is it fair to say you're more worried about the ai taking control of its own ambitions than you are of humans misusing it? i think in the long run, yes. in the short run, i would say, you know, if something bad happens in the next 12 months, it's much more likely to be from humans misusing it. and i would say disinformation is the biggest risk. i hope that we can actually fix some of this through regulation with the cooperation of the social media platforms and so on. is it possible for laws and regulation, especially internationally, to actually work? so that's a question that we're going to have to find out the answer to. there are plenty of precedents for successful international agreements on aviation, on shipping. and everyone right now is looking at all these precedents, trying to figure out, what's the right model and where do we begin? i think we're already seeing perfect imitation of the voices of real individuals,

good enough to fool your mum. we're seeing the ability to synthesise video that's indistinguishable from the actual person. and i would recommend, as a place to start, actually, a ban on the impersonation of human beings, so that you always have a right to know if you're interacting with a real human being or with a machine. and i think it should be, in some cases, illegal to have artificially generated video of real people without their permission. and it also should, you know, be in a big red box, or there should be a red filter over it, so that you just learn that this is not reality. right, there's got to be something visually distinct about it. so you can understand its content and its import, but you know instantly that this is not real. we often talk about the importance of the human

in the loop, and, yes, somejobs will change, but a human will still play an important role. do you maybe perceive this as... ..a human experience will become a premium experience? you know, ithink we have to prepare... ..for the day when in fact the ai systems can do almost everything we currently call work. and i've asked lots of people, you know. _ tell me what it looks like that isn't dystopic? and what do they say? and they have a hard time. governments are... ..you know, they're waking up and they sort of have a knee jerk reaction. "oh, well, then i suppose we should retrain everyone "to do this sort of data science thing." but, honestly, the world does not need three billion data scientists, let's face it. and data science is, in fact, one of those jobs that is rapidly going to be automated. so my view is... ..it's... ..going to be a world in which... ..most people's role in society is much more

of an interpersonal role. how much of a worrier are you in life, generally, and how worried do you think we should be about our future with alas part of it? this is an incredibly powerful technology. we are spending hundreds of billions of pounds a year trying to create superhuman ai, quite literally. and we have to ask, well, what if we succeed? can we do this safely? and if so, how? and if we can't, then the obvious conclusion is we should stop. there's still an off switch. well, that's... ..that's a question, right? if you're a superintelligent machine and you're... ..you know, you've been designed by humans and you're pursuing some objective that humans have given you, you're going to take steps to prevent yourself from being switched off.

that was stuart russell. well, he did go full terminator at the end, didn't he? thankfully, those fears are probably still a way off. but as we've said for quite a while, there have been many positive uses of ai, which can sometimes fill in the gaps where we just don't have enough humans. that includes in sport. and earlier this year, shiona mccallum went to wimbledon to find out how it could add a voice to some of the outside courts. shiona: what was it like, as a player, walking out on centre court? it is just the most fantastic feeling, in front of this crowd with them cheering you on, and that thrill and a bit of fear as well. but it's all mixed in, and there's nothing like it. it's just wonderful. jo durie was britain's number one in the 19805. you want to end up on this centre court and then the thrill of winning. like other players and fans, she knows what a magical place wimbledon is. look, nothing beats the atmosphere here on centre court in the sunshine at wimbledon.

it's epic. but not everyone can make it to south—west london. so for a lot of us that means watching on a tv, mobile or computer, not all of which will have commentary. the all england club has been working with its it partner ibm to fix this for the wimbledon website and app. it collects masses of data from all around the courts for its ai platform called watsonx. what we're doing is we're taking all that information and we feed it in to the model, which then takes text, turns it into numbers, it takes those numbers, it compresses it, expands it, and then it outputs text again. and that can be in turn spoken as ai commentary. and this is what it sounds like. female-sounding voice: swiatek ranked first. both male— and female—sounding ai commentary is available on this app. male-sounding voice: murray from the united kingdom - will play tsitsipas. what a fantastic place to do an interview. this is amazing, isn't it?

right on centre court. the sun's out. jo durie, who we met earlier, has been commentating since she stopped playing professionally. what do you think makes a good commentator, then? i think you've got to be... ..short and sharp, sometimes, with what you're saying, and to get a feel of what's happening, sometimes you don't need to actually even say anything because the crowd have gone mad and you want to feel that, and you can see the players. so i think you very much have to have that feel of when to talk and when not. so is this just the start of computer—generated commentary replacing people like jo? to be clear, this is on matches that don't have commentary. at the moment. we would love to make i all the matches available in a more accessible way, - and you can see how you could then use different languages, | you could use different voices. so i think there's a loti of exciting possibilities in the future with this. the intention here is to— complement and supplement those commentators that we know and love, rather than replace them. i for now, the ai commentary is only being used after the event

for highlights, but ibm has plans to generate commentary in real time. we also label, you know, what we're classifying, like a net approach, a volley, the types of shots. but just how close to that goal are they? so we're actually very close. you know, these models are very big. and in fact, i'm going to tell you a very interesting stat here, is that i... ..by the time, you know, a tennis point is over, i can create commentary in one to two seconds. right, so it's really fast. and at the beginning of the project, you know, that was the grand challenge, was to be fast as possible. and we were looking in the order of maybe 20 to 10 seconds, right. will it be able to do it in, you know, less than a second? is that the aim? yeah. yeah? yeah, yeah. so...| think it's achievable, right, for us to get there. you know, we could horizontally scale out some of our algorithms. we could also make our data gathering collection faster as well. so when might people be watching live and getting real time ai commentary? i think it's going to be

sooner than any of us really could imagine. by the time we roll around to next year's tournament, i think you'll really enjoy what you see. where do you see this technology moving in the future, and do you think it will be on real time matches, for example, next year? well, i can't give you any commitments, but i can say what we are going to be doing is innovating and inventing new experiences, which maybe we have not even imagined yet. ok, but what do the professionals think? oh, wow, now we're going somewhere where it's a bit scary, i think. for me, in my mind, i can't quite understand how an ai would grab the feel of the situation. yes, there might be certain things that happen in a match that you can say, "oh, you know, "they missed this or hit that." but what about the reaction of everything? what about the reaction of the player? what's just happened ? so to get my head around this... ..i'm just not sure. and, you know, will i be out of a job soon? i don't know.

ibm sasto's job is safe for now. but five, ten years from now? well, that's a whole different ballgame. and that is it for our ai catch up. thanks for watching and we'll see you soon. bye. hello, there. it's been a very wet night across parts of england and wales with heavy, thundery rain spreading its way northwards — that rain becoming confined to the far north of england and scotland, throughout sunday. elsewhere, we'll see sunshine and showers and winds for many. it will be blustery, especially eastern scotland. so, here it is, this troublesome area of low

pressure which has brought the showers and longer spells of rain, the weather front that brought the heavy, thundery rain across southern areas, lying across scotland. we'll see some heavy rain across the far north of england, south east scotland through sunday morning. some torrential downpours here could see some localised flooding, strong, gusty east north—easterly winds with huge waves crashing up onto north sea coasts. we could see some coastal inundation as well. the rain clears away from northern ireland — scattered showers and bright spells here. england and wales, a blustery day to come with sunny spells, scattered showers — most of these showers across southern and western areas. those temperatures range from around 10—14 or 15 degrees across the country from north to south. sunday evening, and overnight, it stays wet again across large parts of scotland, particularly eastern scotland. with those strong and gusty winds continuing, we could see further flooding issues there. northern ireland, the far south of scotland, england and wales will see a clearer night and lengthy clear spells. in fact, variable cloud, a few showers, particularly across southern and western coasts, and temperatures generally 7—10 celsius.

so, monday, we start the new week off on an unsettled note. again, heavy, persistent rain for northern and eastern scotland with strong, gusty winds. southern scotland, northern ireland, england, wales, actually a better day, ithink. more sunshine around. but there will be further showers in southern and western areas — again, the odd heavy and thundery one — and temperatures 10—15 degrees. now, if we run the pressure chart on through the new week, we see a brief spell of fine weather for tuesday and then, an area of low pressure brings wet, windy weather on wednesday and there's a potential of a very deep area of low pressure hurtling in on thursday, which could bring some disruption, a chance of some gales or severe gales, so stay tuned. tuesday, at this point, doesn't look too bad. there will be further showers around, especially across southern and western areas. maybe some more persistent rain for eastern scotland but quite a bit of dry weather around with some sunshine. slightly lighter winds, too. temperatures of 10—15 degrees. but turns more unsettled wednesday. thursday, like i showed you, we could see a spell of some stormy weather, so stay tuned to the forecast. take care.

live from london, this is bbc news. israel's war against hamas enters a new stage with intense air bombardment and a large ground operation. prime minister netanyahu says his priorities in gaza are to destroy hamas and bring the hostages home. matthew perry, one of the stars of the hit tv show friends, is found dead at his home in los angeles. hello, i'm celia hatton. phone lines and internet connections are slowly

returning to the gaza strip, according to