as israel's renewed bombardment of gaza continues, the un's children's agency has described the dropping of leaflets telling palestinians to go to safe areas as cynical. i know i'm not safe, this is not ukraine, there is nowhere to go. 100 of my un colleagues have been killed, the largest number of united nations colleagues or workers, rather in the history of the united nations in any war. in what will be a blow for the families of the israeli hostages, the political wing of hamas has said there will be no more exchanges until a permanent ceasefire is in place. at the united nation climate summit, at least 116 nations have committed to tripling renewable energy capacity. it is not clear whether that commitment will remain voluntary.

now on bbc news...|nfluential with katty kay: anthony fauci. dr anthony fauci is america's top doctor. he ran america's medical response on everything from the aids crisis to ebola, and, of course, covid. now he's left government and he's back at university as a professor. ready, sir? yeah. dr fauci, how are you? good to see you. it's been a while. yes, indeed. since we went to dinner together. yes. thank you for doing this. my pleasure. no, it's my pleasure, it's my pleasure. this must be so nice for you, being back on campus. i asked myself a question. after 5a years at the nih and almost a0 years as the director of an institute, you know,

all the things that i've done — research and developing vaccines — what do i want to do for the last five or more years? and i think that the pretty clear answer was to maybe serve as an inspiration for young people who are either interested in a career in public service or already are in a career of public service. your undergraduate, you didn't study medicine, though. you studied classics. i studied classics. greek, latin and the romance language and philosophy in undergraduate, and then i went to medical school... do you remember any of your classics? i could give you the first five lines of the iliad and the odyssey. go on. i would be very... he recites in ancient greek you still remember it. good for you. and being back at georgetown, where your children were born, you were married... and my wife went to undergraduate here and she got a phd here. right. so i got some pretty thick...

so this is home? yeah, it is. it really is. when you come back here, do the students want to hang out with you a lot? yes. do they? that's nice, right? i love it. i think i've been interviewing you for over a dozen years. easily. ebola. right. zika. 0bviously covid. hiv. yeah. and you're still doing it. i'm still doing it, yeah. at the age of...? 82. can i have what you have? can you...? could you just sell what you have? he laughs how do you do it? how are you so...? i don't know. seriously, you look 70. thank you. do you work out all the time? yeah. yeah, every day. like, workout workout? no, mostly power walking. i used to run a lot of marathons and 10ks but then i, a few years ago, switched it over to power walking. right. and, you know, a little bit with weights. right.

very healthy diet? now... he laughs i can't tell a lie! they laugh 0bviously, when we're doing this, you pull up in the two vans... right. you have permanent security. that has changed since i first knew you. you didn't have that. well, the attacks on me that are, you know, are so preposterous, they would be ludicrous if they weren't so serious about the lies and the make—up and the conspiracy theories. it's like, you want to tell them, "are you serious? !" you know? just complete fabrication of things. just horrible. do you ever get used to it? have you got used to it? no. the whole people following you and... you never get used to it because i don't have any privacy any more. i can't go up to the corner and grab toothpaste in the... right. ..in the walgreens, unless somebody comes. and my wife is particularly disturbed by

the lack of privacy that we have. yeah. look, the toll of your career is being paid by your wife. the threats against my wife and my kids are almost equal to against me. by the way, there's dahlgren chapel, where chris and i... that's where you were married, right? yeah. it's beautiful. yeah, it's really nice. do you still go there? no. you don't practise any more, do you? no, i don't. why? erm. .. a number of complicated reasons. go on. we have a whole corridor. he laughs first of all, i think my own personal ethics in life are, i think, enough to keep me going on the right path. and i think that there are enough negative aspects about the organisational church... mm—hm. ..that you're very well aware of. i'm not against it. i identify myself as a catholic. i was raised, i was baptised,

i was confirmed, i was married in the church, my children were baptised in the church, but as far as practising it, it seems almost like a proforma thing that i don't really need to do. are you happy, guys? yeah. 0k. we were talking about... half the country seems to love you and half the country seems to loathe you. there doesn't seem to be much in between. and i'm sure the numbers are not like that. maybe it's 80% one way, or 20% the other way, but the volume of the rhetoric on both sides... right. ..is indicative of the kind of figure that you have become. how did it happen that a public health official becomes... ..the recipient of so much divisiveness? i don't know precisely, but i believe it's the fact that... ..the divisiveness... ..generally throughout the world, but very profoundly in the united states...

anyone who observes what's going on here in the united states realises that we're living in an era of profound divisiveness. i was really the person that articulated to the general public, the united states public, and then, ultimately, the global public, about what was going on and what needed to be done or not. that was fine, except that i got caught up in... ..my own country of having to disagree publicly... ..with the president of the united states, which was a painful thing for me to do. you know, the far—right extremists think that i did that for political reasons, i was a nancy pelosi plant, or something, in the white house, which i certainly wasn't. it was very uncomfortable for me. but i had to. i was forced to speak out and say, no, that's not true, it's not going to disappear like magic.

hydroxychloroquine is not the cure—all for this. that i generated, on the one hand, a lot of praise and sometimes even over—adulation on the part of people who are looking for some comfort and some realism and some soberfacts about how they can protect themselves. 0n the other hand, it generated an incredible amount of hostility among the extremists. i don't like the extremes. it is not realistic that... ..doughnuts are made with my face on them, that...you know, candles with my picture on them. voting the sexiest... is that almost as weird? that's. .. that is weird. and that's not positive. he laughs so i'm in a situation where i'm a moderate type of a person and you have the extremes of just over—the—top adulation and then you have extremes of over—the—top hate, where people actually

want to kill me. so, becoming a sex symbol in your late 70s... that is not something that i... he laughs ..i aspired to. that's not one of my aspirations! if somebody had told you when you were graduating from medical school that this is what was going to happen to you, would you have chosen the same path? you know, when you... katty, it's a great question, and the answer is yes. and i'll tell you why it's yes. because if you look at the things that i was fortunate enough and privileged enough to have had the opportunity to make contributions in... in fact, as painful as the stress and the threats and the animosity towards me on the part of some, erm...it was worth it. i mean, it was worth being involved from day one of hiv. then, when we're having a covid

outbreak, a historic outbreak, to be the director of the institute that was responsible, again, with the pharmaceutical companies, for developing the life—saving vaccines, to me, all of the other baggage which i wish wasn't there, it's worth it to have had the opportunity to do that. you know, obviously, you mentioned aids and the aids crisis, and i guess that's where... the controversy around you started there, with the demonstrations against you and the lack of... ..what was perceived as a lack of research and commitment from the government, and those... even then, people wanted to murder you. yeah. no, they didn't want to... no, they said you were murdering them. but they didn't want to murder me. there's a difference. let me explain. i'm glad you brought that up, because people often say... you know, they show pictures of the 1980s, the late �*80s, with demonstrations — "fauci, you're killing us." yeah. and then they show pictures now of steve bannon saying,

"cut his head off." and, you know, desantis saying, you know, get rid of him, hang him, or what have you. the difference in those two things are like peanuts and watermelons difference. and the reason is that with the hiv activists, their making those kinds of statements against me were attention—getting devices. that is totally different than people who are spreading misinformation, disinformation, conspiracy theories, and almost malicious attacking science and scientists. it is beyond apples and oranges. it's completely different. have you figured out how to... ..puncture the balloon of misinformation? i don't know... how to bring conspiracy theorists or vaccine sceptics over

to what you're thinking. is there...? have you...? do you think you've gained any insight that would be useful for everybody on that? it's very, very difficult. i'm trying to figure out what the best way is. what kind of commonalities that you have... ..when you have people who are of the bent, that are absolutely convinced, that the election was stolen, even though you have 30—plus judges who have, some of which were trump appointees, who declared that absolutely it was not — it was a valid, well—done election. what about vaccine sceptics? how do you talk? how do you...? yeah. is there a way? well, i think... have you converted anybody? yeah, i have. if you can get people to look at the data and at least have a conversation with you, you can win some of them over. there's nothing wrong with being a far conservative, far—right, far—left, nothing wrong with that. that makes for a healthy,

heterogeneous society. but when you use that to make very, very poor decisions when it comes to your health is really disturbing. so i don't know how to crack that nut, katty. i don't. you've described yourself as a kind of athlete. when a new infectious disease comes along, one you haven't encountered before, that you feel like you're a runner. yeah. that you're in a race. yeah. do you feel like most of the time you've won the race... ..when you look back at your career? did you run fast enough? you know... ..if you run a race without any injuries and you go over the finish line and you're fine, that's one kind of race. but going through the pain and the sorrow... i mean, the first years, from 1981... ..to the time we were... we had therapies for hiv, the first one of which was in �*87,

but it only modified the disease, it didn't make anybody get fully in remission. 0nly until the mid and late 1990s, when we had the triple combinations of drugs. but those first years for me as a physician were the dark years of my professional life, but also the dark years of my life, because i lived it, you know, 18, 19 hours a day, of people, young, otherwise vigorous men, who you got to know and like and love, coming in, essentially all of them dying, and that was a very, very difficult experience to have. i mean, i still have a little bit of a post—traumatic stress when i think about those years. so, did we ultimately win that race? did we develop drugs that now, if a young person comes

in who has newly—acquired hiv, and you put them on a triple combination, sometimes with one pill that contains three drugs and know that you can get the level of virus durably below detectable so that you can look the person in the eye and say you can essentially live a normal lifespan, all other things being considered? provided something bad doesn't happen to you, the chances of you living a relatively normal, maybe one or two years less than someone else who doesn't have hiv, you feel like you've won the race, but you can't erase the years of all the death that you've seen and experienced, who's died right in front of you, and that... so that's where i think that even though you say you won the race, at a personal cost you won the race. it's interesting that you say that... i was going to ask you if you had ptsd, and it's interesting that

you raise the aids crisis and not covid. it's a different type. it's a different type, because the ptsd of day after day, morning, noon and night, personally taking care of desperately ill and dying young people, that gives you one type of a post—traumatic stress. the post—traumatic stress of the early months of covid, i wasn't sleeping, i wasn't eating, i wasn't drinking. if it wasn't for my wife, christine, when she would see me come home at night, says, "you've got to drink some water. "did you eat anything today?" you know, i was losing weight. and it was... that is a different kind of a stress. that was more of not personally failing, but seeing all of these things accumulate and happen to you. you've dealt with seven presidents. yes. starting with reagan. reagan, right. in fact, he did not have a good

track record in dealing with the aids crisis. that was your first experience of dealing with a president. how do you manage to get the best possible out of them? yeah. how did you work with them to get what you needed? that's a great question. and it relates to a principle that i've lived by, starting with president reagan. i remember when i was called the first time to go brief president reagan, and i was talking to my friend, who i consider — he's about 15 years older than i — as a mentor. and he said, "you know, one of the things "you should remember, whenever you go into the white house "and go under that awning of the west wing "to go in to see the president, "you should whisper in your own ear," �*this may be the last time that i'm going "�*to be walking into this

building,�* "because you may have to tell the president "an inconvenient truth that they don't like to hear, "which means you may not get asked back again. "so if you're ok with not getting asked back again, "you're going to do fine, "because they're either going to respect you "or they're going to shoot the messenger." and i've lived by that with every single president where i had to be very honest with them, very respectful, but never be afraid to tell them the cold, honest truth. and i did that with reagan. and i did that with george hw bush. and i did that with clinton, and george w bush, and 0bama, and trump, and now with biden. and it's always a little bit different, but it always needs to be driven by being honest and clear and articulate in what you're saying to them and not being afraid to disappoint them. and for the most part, that worked. for the most part.

a little tricky at the end, perhaps. a little tricky. i have something to show you. yes. so, we're going to let the cameras reset. 0k. and then we're going to go and walk... i have... 0k. it won't surprise you, but i want to show you anyway. 0k. i wish i could say i was giving you a present, but i'm not giving you a present. i'm just going to show you something. this is the, dr fauci, this is your life moment. so, we were talking earlier about how you studied classics and you were good... yeah. ..reciting the iliad, but i think your destiny was always to be in medicine. that is... what is this? that is 83rd street, on 13th avenue in brooklyn. that's my father's pharmacy where i used to, on my schwinn bike, deliver prescriptions for the houses around the neighbourhood. and that window up there was my bedroom, right there. so you lived above the shop? i lived right above the pharmacy. and my father worked in that place seven days a week, and on the weekends and summers

i used to deliver prescriptions on my bicycle. he went to columbia and studied... yeah. he became a pharmacist. my father went to columbia. was he happy when you became a doctor? forget that greek and latin business. no, he was quite, quite proud of me. i bet he was. yeah, yeah. i bet he was. i love this photograph. if you had not been a top doctor, this is what you would have been. yeah. yes, iwas... i love sports. i was a very good basketball player in high school. but then my father, who you see here... yeah. i get the genes from him. uh-huh. he was very, very fast. he was actually the new york city high school athletic association champ in high school in the 220— and the imo—yard dash. so i inherited his speed, which made me a really good basketball player, but i also inherited his height. ok, no disrespect, and i don't know very much about sports,

but i do know that basketball players are kind of giants. well, so i... and i hate to point out the obvious, but... yeah, no, i actually was a really good high school basketball player. did you ever play with barack 0bama? no. talking of your relationship with presidents, itjust occurred to me. he's such a great guy. i challenged... you know, he's, like, 63" and he's very good. so i've gotten to know him well and we've become sort of friends, and ijoke around saying i want to challenge him to playing basketball because i'm so fast that no matter how good he is, i'll be able to dribble around him, and he says, "don't trash—talk me, "because i'll really take care of you on the court." what a beautiful lady she is. that was 1985, right here in georgetown. i've been lucky enough to meet your wife. she is an extraordinary woman... she's very... ..who has an extraordinary career of her own. yes, she is quite accomplished.

she's done some incredible things in clinical bioethics. she's one of the most respected bioethicists in the country. do you feel that... ..christine and your daughters have paid the price of your... ..success and celebrity? and i don't mean celebrity crassly, because i know you never sought it... yeah. ..but that they are the ones that have paid the price? yeah, they... my three daughters take some characteristics from me and some from christine. the thing that they take from christine is they're a very private person. they don't like attention, they don't like publicity. and they like tojust do their thing and they're all public—service—minded and like to lead a good life. they really don't like what's going on. i mean, they're paying the price. i mean, my daughters, they're in their early 30s,

you know, they get threatened. they get crazy people who know their phone number, know where they work. you know, it's very frightening for a 31—year—old girl to get a text message saying, "we know where you live," you know, and that's really disturbing. did you feel guilty about that? i do a little bit, yeah. it's a lovely photo. yeah, it's great. did you know you were going to be influential? did you grow up thinking...? no, no. ijust wanted... i just... i wanted to serve people. i wanted to do something. you've done it. well, i hope so. congratulations. thank you. and thank you very much.

hello there. this past week has been bitterly cold, temperatures below seasonal norm, with a very sharp, widespread overnight frost, as well. and we have seen some sleet and snow during the first part of this weekend. but for part two of the weekend, although it is going to stay cold, it might not be quite so cold at times and that low pressure and weather front will put some rain across southern areas. here it is, this area of low pressure, bringing that slightly less cold atlantic air and some weather fronts towards the south of the uk during the course of sunday. any early wintriness, though, from the saturday night sleet and snow, that will clear quite quickly and then much of england and wales will hold onto the cloud. there will be further pulses of rain, particularly towards the south, the winds picking up here, too. the far north of england, northern ireland, scotland, after a very cold start, will see a dry day, apart from a few wintry showers around coastal areas, we should see plenty of sunshine. but it will be a cold day. now, as we head through sunday night

into the first part of monday, that area of low pressure pushes into southern britain bringing substantial rain and strong winds with some snow on the leading edge of that weather front in north wales, across northern england, the pennines, as it bumps into this cold air. so, a frost free night in the south something a very cold night to come, so, a frost free night in the south, a very cold night to come, with ice and frost across the north. but, for monday, quite a different picture. we have an area of low pressure sitting on top of us. certainly, across england and wales, it's going to be windier, cloudier, outbreaks of rain, some turning to snow over the high ground of northern england, north wales, as colder air from the north moves down. we will also see showers moving off the north sea into scotland. these will be wintry, as well. so the best of the sunshine will be across this north—west corner. further south and east, a lot of cloud, outbreaks of rain. strong winds, too, and that will accentuate the raw feel to things, despite the fact that temperatures will be slowly climbing across the south. so, as we move through monday into tuesday, that area of low

pressure slowly but surely pulls out into the near constant pressure slowly but surely pulls out into the near continent, but there will be a bit of a hang back on tuesday so central and eastern parts of england, eastern scotland, will stay fairly windy through the early morning, with some wintry showers at times. by the end of the day it will become confined to the east coast. elsewhere, thanks to a ridge of high pressure after a cold start, we should see blue skies and plenty of sunshine. so a much better look to the north and the west of the uk but, again, it is going to feel cold, particularly further east, when you have that strong northerly cold wind. for wednesday, we are in between weather systems. a new one will be pushing in from the west. this ridge of high pressure will bring a fine start to wednesday. could see some fog patches around, the winds will be much lighter. cold, dry and sunny for wednesday but the wind and the cloud piling up across northern ireland again. by the end of the day, temperatures lifting but a cold day to come, particularly across scotland. and then it'll change from wednesday onwards for the end of next week. it looks a lot more unsettled — the jet stream will power back up

bringing low pressure systems off the atlantic. that will at times, you'll notice how many isobars are on the chart, bring some spells of wetter and at times windy weather, perhaps some gales, too. but with our areas of low pressure coming in off the atlantic with the winds generally from the west or the south—west, you'll notice it will keep the blue colours away from us and we'll be in those orange and yellow colours, so tending to stay on the milder side for the upcoming week. you can see, though, it looks very unsettled from wednesday, stay tuned.

live from london, this is bbc news.

as israel's renewed bombardment of gaza intensifies, the un's children's agency has described the dropping of leaflets telling palestinians to go to safe areas as cynical. as israel's renewed bombardment of gaza intensifies, the un's children's agency has described the dropping of leaflets telling palestinians to go to safe areas as cynical. i know i'm not safe, this is not ukraine, there is no where to go. 100 of my un colleagues have been killed, the largest number of united nations colleagues or workers, rather in the history of the united nations in any war. in what will be a blow for the families of the israeli hostages, the political wing of hamas has said there will be no more exchanges until a permanent ceasefire is in place. at the un climate summit, at least 116 nations have committed to tripling renewable energy capacity. and europe braces for winter chaos as heavy snow sweeps across western europe.