this is bbc news. we'll let the headlines of the top of the our first st after this programme. this week, how do you find your way through a place where the streets have no name? we work with them to map these regions, create routes, create streets, create addresses in order for them to receive not only their packages, but vital services. alasdair meets the ice cream experts racing to rework recipes so they can do their bit for the

planet by turning up the heat on the freezers. making a cone product is the food equivalentl of making, some might say, a formula 1 motor car. - i think i'll have mine without the petrol, though. now, what happens when fortnite goes lego? we'll find out what to expect from an epic new gaming collab. how gaming for blind and partially—sighted players is keeping pace at a couple of hundred miles per hour. not that the game cares, because you'll all smash into each other, spin round, laugh, and then, speed off in pursuit of everyone else. for many of us, ordering something online and waiting for it to be dropped on our doorstep is a convenience we don't even think about. but, for those in brazil's favelas, the densely—populated, low—income communities that lie on the outskirts of cities like rio and sao paulo, that convenience simply isn't an option. but that could be about to

change — as angelica mari has been finding out. angelica mari: favelas can be like giant labyrinths built deep into peripheries across brazil. visible, but often overlooked. and there are millions of brazilians living in unofficial towns like this one, generating billions of dollars in economic activity every year. still, many delivery companies refuse to work here, leaving residents without a way to get parcels right at home. to address the issue, brazilian start—up naporta set out to do exactly what it says in its name, getting packages delivered right to the doorsteps of people living in the favelas. when it comes to favelas, the access is a little bit trickier, because they are considered restricted areas. this is katrine scomparin, co—founder of naporta — which, in brazilian portuguese, means "at the doorstep". one of our founders was born and raised inside a favela, so he had troubles trying to receive their products at home. so, whenever he orders something, he buys something online, he has to go

to an agency sometimes to reach the zip code. the presence of gangs in the favelas�* narrow, unpaved streets have made deliveries complicated here, but a lack of official street addresses may be the biggest hurdle. we say that they are excluded from the map of e—commerce. they are excluded from the digital world. but this is where naporta believes they have developed a solution, thanks in part to a tool from google called plus codes. plus codes are digital addresses created by dividing the world over and over into ever—smaller boxes. with each division, a number or letter is added to a sequence, creating a unique location code. so, we work with them to map these regions, create routes, create streets, create addresses to these people in order for them to receive not only their packages, but vital services, such as calling an ambulance

or asking for the police. those plus codes have been printed on placards and hung throughout some favelas across brazil. these help to put people on the map — but still, traditional companies refuse to come. getting lost in this area, that can be very risky. this is david nemer, an anthropologist and professor at the university of virginia, where he studies technology in brazil's favelas. obviously, cartel folks do not want people roaming around, you know, watching their business. this is why services and deliveries are often cancelled or not completed, once they have to reach territories like this. so, naporta has turned to local residents like paulo, who know the ins and outs of the neighbourhoods. though he may know his way around, that doesn't necessarily guarantee safety. what's more, these workers are contractors.

professor nemer says there can be a precarious relationship. against the backdrop of what he calls a broken gig economy. like, delivery app workers are overworked, they're not paid enough, they don't have access to any benefits. so, naporta claims to be aware of these issues, and they aim to establish a humane and fair work relationship. naporta also pledges increased security on routes and access to life insurance and other benefits. so, this certainly sounds like a much better approach than the other delivery apps, so let's just hope that they can fulfil these promises. naporta says their couriers earned around $1,000 usd per month. that's in a country where the minimum wage is only about 200. katrine says that's because of the time naporta has spent developing company policies with the favela residents. so, we started looking from the bigger picture, understanding how the contexts are.

so, understanding how people that live in favelas live their daily lives. and by doing that, we understand that it's not only about digital inclusion, but is this, is this structural inclusion? professor nemer believes that model could be a potential key to success where others have failed. communities always have to be part of the solution, since they will be the ones using the technology. if none of that is taken into account, it'lljust be another tech developed by outsiders that never really fulfilled or tackled the problemsjust because they don't understand it. it is safe to say their delivery app is not going to solve all the deep—rooted issues seen in the favelas. but naporta's community—based solution mayjust be a start. that was angelica mari. now, how are you with ice cream? i love it when the weather's hot, but i absolutely hate it when it melts. true, which means you couldn't make it last through an entire showing of 0ppenheimer at the cinema, for example. no. and in fact, there is some science as to how you can

keep ice cream solid at higher temperatures. and one of the world's leading manufacturers is on a mission to make freezers in shops around the world warmer. sounds weird, doesn't it? alasdair keane's been finding out how. making an ice cream cone is the most complex technological ice cream product you can make. making a cone product is the food equivalent of making, some might say, a formula 1 motor car. we make them at very, very high speed. we also mix chocolate in there, which is hot and hates water, and ice cream, which is cold and hates fat. so, creating it is a journey. and then, eating a product like that is another beautiful journey. for most of us, thatjourney starts in the shops. ice cream maker wall's have

three million of these freezer cabinets all around the world, and now they're on a mission to make them warmer, from —18 to —12 degrees celsius. doing so, they say, will result in a 25% reduction in emissions. this might sound like quite a quick tech solution — but the big challenge for the company is making sure the ice cream tastes the same and has the same texture in the new, warmer temperatures. to find out more, i've come to unilever�*s ice cream research and development centre, a place where they've been inventing frozen food for a long time. the rules of engagement about the cold chain of freezing were developed well over 100 years ago. what we need to do is to reformulate and create the same experience, the same eating experience at the lower temperature of —18, at the warmer temperature of —12. tell me about where we are.

so we're in our, what we call, pilot plan. it's like a mini factory. this is probably the biggest ice cream pilot plant in the world. it works 365 days a year. and it's where we test all our processes, all our formulas, all our new gizmos that shape and assemble all our products. all of this is really important because, when you're changing the temperature of the freezers, you need to make sure that the products will be able to survive. so, we need to ensure we can make it, that it can keep the structure that we want — remember i said, you know, we've got more ice at a warmer temperature, —12. however, it still needs to be distributed at the much colder temperature through the long part of our cold chain. and then, we'll be making products here to do different tests on them, sensory tests, physical tests, a whole array of things, just to make sure that we're doing our r&d and our science properly so that when we make that final experience for ice cream lovers, that the product is the same as it was at

the colder temperature. one of the main areas the team here are looking at is the ingredients themselves, and how they'll cope in the new temperatures. typically, you need to make some changes, particularly around, say, the sugars, because they control how much ice there is in the final product, which in turn dictates the firmness or the softness of the product. and typically what we might find is if we raise the temperature from —18 to —12 celsius, we get less ice, and so the product becomes softer. and so, then, we want to regain that firmness again. and we do that by essentially changing our sugarand carbohydrate blending so that we get the ice content that we want, we increase the ice content, yet retain the sweetness that we need, and we also have the right flavour delivery, as well. once the team have developed new recipes, it's over to some robots to do the first round of testing.

when a consumer buys our ice cream, it goes through - temperature fluctuations. temperature is not constant. so, we have a machine that actually mimics the process that an ice cream follows. so, it goes through all. the temperature cycles. so, we test to make sure our ice cream formulations - at —12 is stable against- those temperature changes. so here, we have robots that| actually poke into the sample and test how hard or soft the product is. _ and as you might have seen. already, we need to make sure that our —12 products are not too soft, otherwise - consumers will not be i happy with our products. but i can't help thinking it's a waste of ice cream, giving it to the robots. enter the human testers — a crack team of trained professionals who know their vanilla from their mint choc chip... ..and me.

welcome to our tasting today. we've got a reference sample. we've got the product you're comparing against. and you're going to be looking to see if they're the same, a little bit more, more, or a lot more for each of the attributes that you've got on your laptops. at the moment, indonesia is our first market launch, so when we get the good match, we then can send that recipe over to our colleagues in indonesia. they manufacture the final product with this ice cream base, and then, that can go forward with consumer testing. with thousands of products sold all over the world, this is a process the team will be repeating many, many times. and if it involves eating more ice cream, then i'm happy to help. from pop concerts to collaborating with fashion

pa rt part of the defective involves a two—year probe in the crashes and safety at the firm run by elon musk. tesla will provide a software update to fix the issue. 0perating an illegal monopoly, google will challenge ruling. monopoly, google will challenge rulina. �* . ., ruling. and never the changing but it speaks — ruling. and never the changing but it speaks to _ ruling. and never the changing but it speaks to the _ ruling. and never the changing but it speaks to the will - ruling. and never the changing but it speaks to the will fight l but it speaks to the will fight this in court but it would be a tug—of—war that we see the next few years with developers especially. few years with developers esnecially-_ few years with developers eseciall . , ., ., especially. tick-tock is a go to to restart _ especially. tick-tock is a go to to restart its _ especially. tick-tock is a go to to restart its shopping i to to restart its shopping business associate done in october to make the firm plan to invest more than one half billion dollars in remote indonesian goods on the countries biggest e—commerce

site. and finally, gaming showcasing e3 as been permanently cancelled. running for nearly two decades but organiser said it struggled. from pop concerts to collaborating with fashion brands, video game fortnite is about more than blasting, building, and last—player—standing battle royale. fortnite has been around for six years — a long time in video games terms. it still attracts about 70 million players a month — big numbers. but it's a challenge for games like this to remain culturally important or relevant. as a result, its developers are constantly expanding the game's horizons. this latest hook—up is with lego. more than a simple reskin,

this is an entirely new survival crafting game, heavily leaning into the crafting element using lego bricks. still wildly popular, fortnite is no stranger to controversy, with questions being raised about child safety in the game since it first launched. anything super popular like fortnite is going to make headlines. it has in—game purchases, which used to be loot boxes, and it has the ability to talk to other players. so, when i'm talking to parents, what i'm wanting to make sure is that they understand that experience before they hand it over to their child. like any video game, you need to go in with your eyes open. thunder claps so, how has its developer, epic games, addressed these issues when working with famously family—friendly lego? we've been on a journey. you don't implement these features in a week or a day. like, these are things that we've been building for years and years.

and so, one of the things that we recently implemented was a rating system. so, each piece of content is rated appropriately for the audience, and we allow, through our parental controls, the parents to decide what type of content their kids will be able to see. it's clear that this collaboration between lego and fortnite is about making the fortnite ecosystem more appealing to younger players. but for a game which has attracted criticism from a wide variety of different quarters — parents, groups, even prince harry — is seeking ever—younger players a wise move? you can apply some of the criticism that's been levied at fortnite to video games in general. and a lot of that criticism is, how do people spend their time? how are they interacting with other people on the internet? and it's a battle royale — by its very nature, you'll be in combat, you'll be shooting people. and there are people who eitherjust don't want to engage with that, that's not what they're interested in, that's not what their tastes are. 0r there are people who,

like with lego, are probably a bit too young for that. all of the elements of this game will be familiar to people that have played titles with a crafting element before you use resources to build things and survive in the world. there's a survival mode, so there are bad guys in there that you have to contend with, and your character can get hungry. 0r there is simply a pure creative mode, where you build things. interestingly, it's got a much gentler feel than quite a lot of other similar games — a gentlerfeel than minecraft, perhaps. really, it's lego wanting to be where their audience is, where children are playing games. and the game that they will deliver on that fortnite platform is age—appropriate — it's pegi 7. so, the violence is a lot less than in the main fortnite game. and it seems like it's an experience more of a minecraft, kind of, build and survive. there are already lots of lego video games, but does collaborating with fortnite create a particular risk for the company?

every collaboration and everything that you do, always, especially things that are ambitious, there are a lot of unknowns. because we don't yet know exactly how the game will land. what kids want to do versus what adults would like to do, which things will resonate, and which things will not? this new mode, featuring the world's most famous plastic bricks, has already materialised inside fortnite. let's see if it can further build on the success of this gaming behemoth. that was marc. of course, video games are an even bigger industry than cinema — but when it comes to films for blind and visually—impaired fans, there have been things to make them more accessible, like audio descriptions. you would imagine, though, that that will be harder to add in the fast—paced world of video games. but it is possible. and paul carter's been finding out how the makers of one of the world's biggest racing franchises are taking on the ultimate challenge. paul carter: racing sims are among the most visual

of modern game genres. continuing to break new graphical ground. advanced materials and shaders, paired with ray tracing, bring out incredible detail in the gold heat wrap, anodised aluminium, and carbon fibre. when forza motorsport was released in october, its developer, turn 10, hailed it as the most technically—advanced racing game ever created. blind driving assist. use right thumbstick, horizontal inputs... . but, aside from pushing the visual envelope, under the hood of this game is a set of features that are a world—first for a console racer — accessibility settings that enable people to play the game who are blind. second score 1.0. so, how have developers made such a game playable by those with no vision? dirty lap. off track.

press white button to rewind. second score 1.0. known as blind driver assist, it uses audio cues to help players around the track, as well as panning of sound effects and narration. but crucially, it's completely customisable, dependent on each player's needs, and can be used in conjunction with the driving assists already built into the game. a lot of options, in our accessibility settings and just our regular settings, are able to build on top of each other. it's not like if you use this one, you have to use this other thing, or vice versa. we know we built them in so that everyone could individually customise their play experience. to put it through its paces and see how it actually works in practice, i met up with blind gamer, twitch streamer, and all—round accessibility gaming guru sightlesskombat to take it for a spin. so, that's the turn coming up.

and we're trying to steer into it — oh. ah, i've cut the track off, though, that's not what i wanted. so, we'll pull to our left, because the car is going to our left, so you pull towards it. yeah. and that little beeping noise on the right is the track limit. and the left now, as well. so, we're going to brake... ..try and... ah, nearly. ok, i can hearthat, yeah. this is so impressive. left... that beeping noise is telling me to brake, but we might be... yeah, we're 0k. good. the way i can best describe that is a bit like a parking sensor on a car, so... yeah, i think it literally is that. yeah. left forward to right

hairpin long. how well you navigate those tracks, of course, depends on how well you play. and there is a massive learning curve. but it's not to say it's not good fun, especially with a load of mates on track at once where absolute carnage is caused even if you're all trying to just race around the track casually. because you're all on the same racing line. not that the game cares, because you will all smash into each other, spin round, laugh, and then, speed off in pursuit of everyone else. and that's the good thing, it provides parity. that's the big thing about it. so, i can race against sighted players. will i beat those sighted players? maybe, maybe not. who knows? just depends on how good a day i'm having, how bad a day they might be having, in terms of racing, or vice versa, as well. and, you know, but the key thing is, of course, it's all about cultural and social engagement. this is the first forza title that i've been able to fully engage in. crucial to the game's implementation of these features was the involvement of disabled consultants at an early stage in development. brandon cole worked with turn 10 to develop and iterate the system. there's so much positivity around this, it's... i will use the term "explosively positive" because it's incredible. the community is so grateful

to have this experience, and that's what i wanted for my career. my career goal was to help craft experiences for the blind that they didn't otherwise have _ and this is one of those, and there are some people who, you know, went blind at a later point in their lives who used to play games like forza, you know, the early forzas, for example, and said, "i couldn't do that any more "because it wasn't accessible to the blind, "and now i can play it again". you know, so we have a combination of players who haven't played forza for a long time because they couldn't, but also brand—new players who are discovering this for the first time. wait, is it happening? is this really happening right now? you are perfect right now. you're driving. perfect. oh, look at this turn, brandon. you know, i hope that developers continue to learn from projects like this, and hire consultants early. if they commit to blind accessibility in pretty much any game, i'm convinced that it can happen. more developers should just

sign on and be open to the idea of making their games playable to more gamers. doesn't have to be blind gamers either — just all disabled gamers. accessibility in gaming continues to develop at pace. products like microsoft's adaptive controller and sony's recently—released access controller have helped push it into the mainstream. disabled gamers everywhere will hope it's a trend that continues. that was paul. and that's it for this week's show. thanks for watching. we'll be back next week. see you. hello there. it was a stunning end to the day that we had across northeast england with some amazing sunsets, reported pretty widely.

caused byjust a few gaps in the cloud opening up at the right time to allow those setting sun rays through. now, it was across eastern england and parts of eastern scotland that we had the days lowest temperatures — just six celsius in fylingdales. here, though, it is set to get a lot milder into the weekend — temperaturesjumping up to about 11 degrees. it's mild because it's cloudy and that cloud sheet is with us for the next few hours. some damp weather moving across scotland where it's quite breezy. a few patches of drizzle around western coast and hills and there may well be one or two mist and fog patches, but certainly no frost around. it's going to be a mild start to saturday. this weekend, though, does see a weather front that gets stuck across the northwest of scotland and this will bring some very large rainfall accumulations. with the rain building up then through the weekend, the met office have issued an amber weather warning for this. potentially as much as 200 millimetres of rain across the high ground in the highlands, enough to cause some flooding concerns

and maybe one or two landslips as well. the weekend, though, also dominated by these mild southwesterly winds. so temperatures will be reaching double figures widely. saturday then, rain across the far northwest of scotland, a bit of damp weather to start the day in the west with a few patches of drizzle, a bit of mist and fog around otherwise cloudy, but a chance of a few breaks developing given there's a bit more wind over the welsh mountains and the pennines. so to the east of the high ground here and across the midlands you might actually start to see some breaks in the cloud and a bit of sunshine, otherwise probably staying cloudy for most of the day. and it's a similar story really on sunday, a bit more in the way of rain, more extensively across scotland, northwest england, some damp weather for northern ireland, too, but at the same time, a better prospect of seeing some cloud breaks move up from north france. you could see a bit of sunshine across the south of england and southern parts of wales for the second part of the weekend. monday continues with that mild flow of air, one to two weather fronts around bringing some areas of rain mainly across western areas, the east having the best chance of a few breaks, a few bright or sunny spells with temperatures up

about 30 or a0 degrees. it is going to be a very mild day for december. beyond that, though, the weather does turn colder and it may well be cold enough for some of the showers to start to turn wintry towards the end of the week or perhaps the following weekend.

live from washington, this is a bbc news special looking at access to abortion in the us. a legal challenge over the approval of an abortion drug is set to be heard by the supreme court. we'll look at the high—profile legal battle of kate cox in texas and the impact it may have on other cases. and how abortion referendums could influence the 2024 election in several key battleground states. hello, i'm sumi somaskanda. we'll be looking at all that and more in a moment. but first, a quick look at today's top stories. israeli military forces told the bbc that they are investigating the accidental killing of three hostages. israeli authorities said that the misidentified them as a "threat".

yotam haim, alon shamriz and samer talalka were abducted