all the time. out. this is happening all the time. i must press the point... it out. this is happening all the time. i must press the point. . ._ i must press the point... if you are askin: i must press the point... if you are asking for — i must press the point... if you are asking for a _ i must press the point... if you are asking for a matrix _ i must press the point... if you are asking for a matrix for _ i must press the point... if you are asking for a matrix for the - asking for a matrix for the decision, _ asking for a matrix for the decision, i don't have one, but it is a decision, idon't have one, but it is a very— decision, i don't have one, but it is a very good point that i will go away— is a very good point that i will go away and — is a very good point that i will go away and think about it. but there is no _ away and think about it. but there is no hesitation. our view is this is no hesitation. our view is this is not _ is no hesitation. our view is this is not right, _ is no hesitation. our view is this is not right, we should use your sanctions — is not right, we should use your sanctions and deterrence in the smartest— sanctions and deterrence in the smartest way you can come up and we are very— smartest way you can come up and we are very happy to do that. you touched about _ are very happy to do that. you touched about the _ are very happy to do that. um, touched about the need for reconstruction in the first answer. israel has said they are looking to the eu and us to pay for the reconstruction of gaza. can i ask if you agree with that? i reconstruction of gaza. can i ask if you agree with that?— you agree with that? i think it is auoin to you agree with that? i think it is going to take — you agree with that? i think it is going to take a _ you agree with that? i think it is going to take a giant _ you agree with that? i think it is i going to take a giant international effort _ going to take a giant international effort. because the level of the destruction is so great. i think we are going — destruction is so great. i think we are going to have to try to bring together, — are going to have to try to bring together, i_ are going to have to try to bring together, i know this is something looked _ together, i know this is something looked at. — together, i know this is something looked at, bring together a whole group _ looked at, bring together a whole group of— looked at, bring together a whole group of countries that include the

arab states, the main european powers— arab states, the main european powers and america into some form of contact _ powers and america into some form of contact group that works on this together, — contact group that works on this together, and we are going to need as many— together, and we are going to need as many people as possible tojoin the effort — as many people as possible to 'oin the effort. ., ., , as many people as possible to 'oin the effort. ,, ., , ., the effort. she did not be for israel to lead _ the effort. she did not be for israel to lead question - the effort. she did not be for israel to lead question mark| the effort. she did not be for- israel to lead question mark they are able to find $70 million to fund the expansion of illegal settlements, despite lobbying by this government to stop that? surely israel should be leading on the reconstruction? i israel should be leading on the reconstruction?— israel should be leading on the reconstruction? i think it will take more than — reconstruction? i think it will take more than any — reconstruction? i think it will take more than any one _ reconstruction? i think it will take more than any one country - reconstruction? i think it will take more than any one country to - reconstruction? i think it will take more than any one country to do | more than any one country to do this _ more than any one country to do this. , ., , , ., more than any one country to do this. ,., _ ., , this. obviously i have been urging the creation _ this. obviously i have been urging the creation of _ this. obviously i have been urging the creation of a _ this. obviously i have been urging the creation of a palastine - this. obviously i have been urging the creation of a palastine contacti the creation of a palastine contact group, one of those aspects would be a track two diplomacy. we need to get civil society in the room who are ready to talk about the long—term peace. are we even anywhere close to bringing together? that is something the uk could lead on and do it now?—

on and do it now? there are a lot of conversations _ on and do it now? there are a lot of conversations taking _ on and do it now? there are a lot of conversations taking place - on and do it now? there are a lot of conversations taking place about. conversations taking place about this _ conversations taking place about this. 0bviously one of the difficulties as some countries have been _ difficulties as some countries have been less— difficulties as some countries have been less inclined to talk about it until the — been less inclined to talk about it until the conflict is over. but i think— until the conflict is over. but i think you _ until the conflict is over. but i think you have seen in recent days, an egyptian— think you have seen in recent days, an egyptian plan, you have even seen the israelis _ an egyptian plan, you have even seen the israelis talking about what should — the israelis talking about what should happen. sol the israelis talking about what should happen. so i think the spaces opening _ should happen. so i think the spaces opening on — should happen. so i think the spaces opening up. the conversations are taking _ opening up. the conversations are taking place. opening up. the conversations are taking place-— taking place. thank you for 'oining us here today. i taking place. thank you for 'oining us here today. when * taking place. thank you for 'oining us here today. when we h taking place. thank you forjoining us here today. when we started i taking place. thank you forjoining i us here today. when we started this inquiry, it was about the middle east and north africa. it has morphed into something that is maybe not predominantly but certainly israel — gaza related, but there is a bigger issue. 0ne israel — gaza related, but there is a bigger issue. one of the issues which i'm sure we will come too, which i'm sure we will come too, which is yemen. and how we, as the un pen holder, how we deal with that and are seen to be playing our part.

before we come to that, what is your sense of what is happening in the south of the red sea and what are the government and you the foreign secretary doing to contain the region? i secretary doing to contain the re . ion? ~ secretary doing to contain the re . ion? ,, ., secretary doing to contain the reuion? ~ . , secretary doing to contain the reuion? ,, . , ., ,, secretary doing to contain the reuion? ~' ., , ., ,, , region? i think what is happening is extremely dangerous. _ region? i think what is happening is extremely dangerous. you - region? i think what is happening is extremely dangerous. you have - region? i think what is happening is| extremely dangerous. you have had repeated _ extremely dangerous. you have had repeated who the attacks not just on shipping _ repeated who the attacks not just on shipping but all shipping. i think you have — shipping but all shipping. i think you have given some ways separate this from _ you have given some ways separate this from the conflict for a second and think. — this from the conflict for a second and think, is it acceptable that one of the _ and think, is it acceptable that one of the most — and think, is it acceptable that one of the most important sea lanes in the world — of the most important sea lanes in the world has been effectively ctosed — the world has been effectively closed by a group that are on acceptably and illegally and continually attacking shipping. we with others to set up operation prosperity guardian, that is why we have british destroyers and potentially forgets involved in it, and that — potentially forgets involved in it, and that is why you heard the defence — and that is why you heard the defence secretary say so clearly that if— defence secretary say so clearly that if this continues then we have to consider— that if this continues then we have to consider what further action could — to consider what further action could he — to consider what further action

could be taken. of course, no one wants _ could be taken. of course, no one wants to _ could be taken. of course, no one wants to see — could be taken. of course, no one wants to see escalation of conflict in the _ wants to see escalation of conflict in the middle east, but i think it is unacceptable to have the freedom of navigation effected in this way. so that— of navigation effected in this way. so that is— of navigation effected in this way. so that is the position we take. what _ so that is the position we take. what is — so that is the position we take. what is your sense of why the houthis are involving themselves? they would say it is the palestinian cause and they feel they should do what they can to take the side of the palestinians against what they see as the aggressors, the israelis. that is exactly what they say. they are also _ that is exactly what they say. they are also a — that is exactly what they say. they are also a proxy in some ways for iranian— are also a proxy in some ways for iranian action. that is what they say. _ iranian action. that is what they say, but — iranian action. that is what they say, but fundamentally the effect of what they— say, but fundamentally the effect of what they are doing is to stop the freedom — what they are doing is to stop the freedom of navigation, the free flow of goods— freedom of navigation, the free flow of goods and everything else, which is important to countries in the region. — is important to countries in the region, countries in the world. and i region, countries in the world. and lipst— region, countries in the world. and tiust don't— region, countries in the world. and ijust don't think we can accept this continued prevention of the freedom — this continued prevention of the freedom of navigation. that is what

they say— freedom of navigation. that is what they say but it is illegal, unacceptable and has to stop. white now? what do _ unacceptable and has to stop. white now? what do you _ unacceptable and has to stop. white now? what do you think? _ unacceptable and has to stop. m the: now? what do you think? why would they want to embroil themselves in this? i they want to embroil themselves in this? ~ they want to embroil themselves in this? ,, , , this? i think partly it is competition _ this? i think partly it is competition for- this? i think partly it is i competition for attention, this? i think partly it is - competition for attention, for a voice. — competition for attention, for a voice. for— competition for attention, for a voice, for making them more popular in the _ voice, for making them more popular in the world _ voice, for making them more popular in the world they want to be in by taking _ in the world they want to be in by taking action because of what is happening in gaza. but they need to be happening in gaza. but they need to he told. _ happening in gaza. but they need to he told. as— happening in gaza. but they need to be told, as they have been told, that this — be told, as they have been told, that this is — be told, as they have been told, that this is not a free option, that consequences follow. first of all, i think— consequences follow. first of all, i think the _ consequences follow. first of all, i think the british destroyers, the first time — think the british destroyers, the first time british destroyers shut down _ first time british destroyers shut down a _ first time british destroyers shut down a hostile aviation thing and about— down a hostile aviation thing and about 30 — down a hostile aviation thing and about 30 years. so they need to be told that _ about 30 years. so they need to be told that it — about 30 years. so they need to be told that it is unacceptable. but speculating on exactly where they are doing — speculating on exactly where they are doing it, exactly where they continue — are doing it, exactly where they continue is _ are doing it, exactly where they continue is important but it is hard to know— continue is important but it is hard to know exactly why. we

continue is important but it is hard to know exactly why.— continue is important but it is hard to know exactly why. we talk about the road map _ to know exactly why. we talk about the road map for— to know exactly why. we talk about the road map for peace _ to know exactly why. we talk about the road map for peace proposed . to know exactly why. we talk about| the road map for peace proposed by the road map for peace proposed by the saudi government and i believe they are in discussions with the houthis now, although depending on who you talk to you will find that the houthis are discussing it with the houthis are discussing it with the saudis but other in yemen are being excluded. what is your sense of that? do you see the same thing that we have been told by others that we have been told by others that this is sort of turning into a houthis — saudi deal, rather than a yemen solution. i houthis - saudi deal, rather than a yemen solution.— houthis - saudi deal, rather than a yemen solution. i think what i see, and i praise — yemen solution. i think what i see, and i praise the _ yemen solution. i think what i see, and i praise the saudis _ yemen solution. i think what i see, and i praise the saudis for- yemen solution. i think what i see, and i praise the saudis for doing i and i praise the saudis for doing this, _ and i praise the saudis for doing this, is— and i praise the saudis for doing this, is a — and i praise the saudis for doing this, is a genuine attempt at a peace — this, is a genuine attempt at a peace process, to bring this long—standing conflict to an end. and these — long—standing conflict to an end. and these processes only work if you include _ and these processes only work if you include all— and these processes only work if you include all of the relevant participants in it. if you take a step— participants in it. if you take a step back— participants in it. if you take a step back and ask why we are in the

situation, _ step back and ask why we are in the situation, i— step back and ask why we are in the situation, i think there is a good case _ situation, i think there is a good case to— situation, i think there is a good case to be — situation, i think there is a good case to be made that if you go back ten years— case to be made that if you go back ten years to — case to be made that if you go back ten years to when this conflict began. — ten years to when this conflict began, maybe we could apply this to other— began, maybe we could apply this to other situations, that for all of the difficulties of dealing with the houthis, — the difficulties of dealing with the houthis, if you leave a significant part of— houthis, if you leave a significant part of the — houthis, if you leave a significant part of the country out of a peace process _ part of the country out of a peace process it — part of the country out of a peace process it does not work. i would apptaud — process it does not work. i would applaud the saudis for what they are doing. _ applaud the saudis for what they are doing. i_ applaud the saudis for what they are doing, i hope this peace process is yielding _ doing, i hope this peace process is yielding results. it looks like they have made real progress. but that doesn't _ have made real progress. but that doesn't mean the houthis can go about— doesn't mean the houthis can go about attacking ships in the red sea _ about attacking ships in the red sea i_ about attacking ships in the red sea. i think if you ask the saudis what _ sea. i think if you ask the saudis what their— sea. i think if you ask the saudis what their view is, they would say that pretty — what their view is, they would say that pretty clearly, too.— that pretty clearly, too. which brin . s that pretty clearly, too. which brings me _ that pretty clearly, too. which brings me to _ that pretty clearly, too. which brings me to the _ that pretty clearly, too. which brings me to the point - that pretty clearly, too. which brings me to the point of- that pretty clearly, too. whichj brings me to the point of what that pretty clearly, too. which - brings me to the point of what they might be doing it. the argument is that the houthis are having these discussions with the saudis but the south of yemen are being excluded. it looks to me like there may be a flawed process. we are the pen holder, we spoke when we were in dough howl holder, we spoke when we were in dough how i view weeks ago to the us

envoy, the un envoy hasjust come back from muscat. there are groups of people in yemen who feel like they are being excluded. let of people in yemen who feel like they are being excluded.- of people in yemen who feel like they are being excluded. let me take that awa . they are being excluded. let me take that away- i — they are being excluded. let me take that away. i would _ they are being excluded. let me take that away. i would apply _ they are being excluded. let me take that away. i would apply it _ they are being excluded. let me take that away. i would apply it to - that away. i would apply it to afghanistan, iraq, all of the situation _ afghanistan, iraq, all of the situation is, fundamentally, if you want _ situation is, fundamentally, if you want to— situation is, fundamentally, if you want to try— situation is, fundamentally, if you want to try to bring peace after process, — want to try to bring peace after process, you need to bring all of the parties — process, you need to bring all of the parties in the country to have the parties in the country to have the best— the parties in the country to have the best chance of success. on a eaceful the best chance of success. on a peaceful solution _ the best chance of success. on a peaceful solution to _ the best chance of success. on a peaceful solution to the - the best chance of success. on a peaceful solution to the region, the abraham accords, not the abraham accords but organisation with israel, do you think that there is agreements, there is arrangements are now injeopardy agreements, there is arrangements are now in jeopardy because of what is happening in israel and gaza? mr; is happening in israel and gaza? my instinct is that if you go to the emirates _ instinct is that if you go to the emirates or bahrain or morocco, they are very— emirates or bahrain or morocco, they are very committed to what they agreed _ are very committed to what they agreed to — are very committed to what they agreed to. they see it as a good advance — agreed to. they see it as a good advance it— agreed to. they see it as a good advance. it is obviously under some

pressure _ advance. it is obviously under some pressure because of local opinion, but i _ pressure because of local opinion, but i think— pressure because of local opinion, but i think they are committed to it. i but i think they are committed to it ithink— but i think they are committed to it. i think actually the saudis in the medium term would still like to -et the medium term would still like to get that— the medium term would still like to get that back on track. i think there — get that back on track. i think there is— get that back on track. i think there is a _ get that back on track. i think there is a genuine view that part of peace _ there is a genuine view that part of peace for— there is a genuine view that part of peace for this region is recognition of israet— peace for this region is recognition of israel by— peace for this region is recognition of israel by these major powers. but it needs _ of israel by these major powers. but it needs to— of israel by these major powers. but it needs to be accompanied by... you cannot— it needs to be accompanied by... you cannot leave — it needs to be accompanied by... you cannot leave the palestinians out of this equation. you have got to have the palestinians feeling they can live in_ the palestinians feeling they can live in dignity and security in the palestinian territories, with a state — palestinian territories, with a state of— palestinian territories, with a state of their own. do palestinian territories, with a state of their own.— palestinian territories, with a state of their own. do you think, therefore. _ state of their own. do you think, therefore, when _ state of their own. do you think, therefore, when we _ state of their own. do you think, therefore, when we are - state of their own. do you think, therefore, when we are talking l state of their own. do you think, - therefore, when we are talking about it having to be an international effort to rebuild gaza, do you think that it effort to rebuild gaza, do you think thatitis effort to rebuild gaza, do you think that it is incumbent on the middle eastern gulf countries and others to be the largest part of that solution?— be the largest part of that solution? , ., ., , ., , , be the largest part of that solution? , ., ., , , ., solution? they have obviously got hue solution? they have obviously got huge capabilities _ solution? they have obviously got

huge capabilities and _ solution? they have obviously got huge capabilities and capacity - solution? they have obviously got huge capabilities and capacity to l huge capabilities and capacity to that, _ huge capabilities and capacity to that, but— huge capabilities and capacity to that, but i think it is going to be quite _ that, but i think it is going to be quite a — that, but i think it is going to be quite a diplomatic effort to get everybody around the table and get everybody around the table and get everybody to contribute, as the chair _ everybody to contribute, as the chair rightly pointed out. you didn't touch _ chair rightly pointed out. you didn't touch too _ chair rightly pointed out. gm. didn't touch too much on iran. bob, do you want to quickly... 17 i didn't touch too much on iran. bob, do you want to quickly. . ._ do you want to quickly... ? i know it is a big — do you want to quickly... ? i know it is a big subject _ do you want to quickly... ? i know it is a big subject and _ do you want to quickly... ? i know it is a big subject and i _ do you want to quickly... ? i know it is a big subject and i know - do you want to quickly... ? i know it is a big subject and i know we i it is a big subject and i know we are running _ it is a big subject and i know we are running very— it is a big subject and i know we are running very tight _ it is a big subject and i know we are running very tight on- it is a big subject and i know we are running very tight on time. i it is a big subject and i know we l are running very tight on time. to what _ are running very tight on time. to what extent— are running very tight on time. to what extent do _ are running very tight on time. to what extent do you _ are running very tight on time. to what extent do you see _ are running very tight on time. to what extent do you see iran - are running very tight on time. to what extent do you see iran as i are running very tight on time. to what extent do you see iran as an opportunistic— what extent do you see iran as an opportunistic manipulator - what extent do you see iran as an opportunistic manipulator of - what extent do you see iran as an i opportunistic manipulator of events or book— opportunistic manipulator of events or book to — opportunistic manipulator of events or book to what _ opportunistic manipulator of events or book to what extent _ opportunistic manipulator of events or book to what extent do - opportunistic manipulator of events or book to what extent do you - opportunistic manipulator of events or book to what extent do you see i or book to what extent do you see iran effectively _ or book to what extent do you see iran effectively as _ or book to what extent do you see iran effectively as the _ or book to what extent do you see iran effectively as the prime - or book to what extent do you see i iran effectively as the prime mover behind _ iran effectively as the prime mover behind what — iran effectively as the prime mover behind what is _ iran effectively as the prime mover behind what is happening, - iran effectively as the prime mover behind what is happening, not - iran effectively as the prime mover behind what is happening, not only against _ behind what is happening, not only against israet— behind what is happening, not only against israel but _ behind what is happening, not only against israel but also _ behind what is happening, not only against israel but also against - against israel but also against saudi. — against israel but also against saudi. using— against israel but also against saudi, using these _ against israel but also against saudi, using these various - against israel but also against - saudi, using these various proxies that iran _ saudi, using these various proxies that iran has, _ saudi, using these various proxies that iran has, be _ saudi, using these various proxies that iran has, be it— saudi, using these various proxies that iran has, be it in— saudi, using these various proxies that iran has, be it in iraq, - that iran has, be it in iraq, hezbollah. _ that iran has, be it in iraq, hezbollah, hamas, - that iran has, be it in iraq, hezbollah, hamas, the - that iran has, be it in iraq, - hezbollah, hamas, the houthis? i think hezbollah, hamas, the houthis? think it is probably the first of your— think it is probably the first of your propositions, in that it is clear— your propositions, in that it is clear what— your propositions, in that it is clear what all of these organisations have in common, whether— organisations have in common, whether it _ organisations have in common, whether it is hamas, whether it is

hezbollah. — whether it is hamas, whether it is hezbollah, backed groups in syria and iraq. — hezbollah, backed groups in syria and iraq, they all have the support in iran— and iraq, they all have the support in iran in_ and iraq, they all have the support in iran in common. but i think they have _ in iran in common. but i think they have quite — in iran in common. but i think they have quite a — in iran in common. but i think they have quite a lot of agency to act on their— have quite a lot of agency to act on their own — have quite a lot of agency to act on their own. sol have quite a lot of agency to act on their own. so i think it is the first— their own. so i think it is the first of— their own. so i think it is the first of the _ their own. so i think it is the first of the suggestions you made. that is— first of the suggestions you made. that is the — first of the suggestions you made. that is the fco view, that they have agency? _ that is the fco view, that they have agency? l— that is the fco view, that they have auen ? ~ . that is the fco view, that they have aien ? ~' ., ., that is the fco view, that they have auen ? ,, . ., ,., agency? i think that iran is a malian agency? i think that iran is a malign influence _ agency? i think that iran is a malign influence in - agency? i think that iran is a malign influence in the - agency? i think that iran is a i malign influence in the region. there — malign influence in the region. there is— malign influence in the region. there is no— malign influence in the region. there is no doubt that they give weapons, — there is no doubt that they give weapons, they give training, they -ive weapons, they give training, they give ability, they give money, they -ive give ability, they give money, they give support to all of these groups. we know— give support to all of these groups. we know that. we know that houthi weapons _ we know that. we know that houthi weapons come from iran, we know that hezbollah _ weapons come from iran, we know that hezbollah rockets come from iran, but the _ hezbollah rockets come from iran, but the way you put the question was: _ but the way you put the question was, do — but the way you put the question was, do you think that these groups are backed — was, do you think that these groups are backed by iran, and if elated by iran but— are backed by iran, and if elated by iran but ultimately are able to make some _ iran but ultimately are able to make some of— iran but ultimately are able to make some of their own decisions? i would say it— some of their own decisions? i would say it is— some of their own decisions? i would say it is that, — some of their own decisions? i would say it is that, yes. this

some of their own decisions? i would say it is that. yes-— say it is that, yes. this committee warned against _ say it is that, yes. this committee warned against the _ say it is that, yes. this committee warned against the de-prioritising i warned against the de—prioritising of the middle east, and ijust wondered if on reflection you regretted that in the last integrated review and refresh there wasn't a single mention of palestine or the middle east peace process and whether you can explain that? the intearated whether you can explain that? the integrated review and the refresher was before my time. i will own up to another— was before my time. i will own up to another sin. — was before my time. i will own up to another sin, which i think if you go back— another sin, which i think if you go back to _ another sin, which i think if you go back to 30th 2008-10 another sin, which i think if you go back to 30th 2008—10 onwards, there were some _ back to 30th 2008—10 onwards, there were some real efforts to get the peace _ were some real efforts to get the peace process under way. my predecessor, gordon brown, wrote a brilliant _ predecessor, gordon brown, wrote a brilliant article in the guardian today— brilliant article in the guardian today about it, barack obama made a hu-e today about it, barack obama made a huge effort _ today about it, barack obama made a huge effort when he was president. but, look. — huge effort when he was president. but, look, they kept getting stalled and its— but, look, they kept getting stalled and it's really politics kept going in a direction that made it very hard _ in a direction that made it very hard to— in a direction that made it very hard to make progress —— is really

politics _ hard to make progress —— is really politics i— hard to make progress —— is really politics. i was pushing barack obama. — politics. i was pushing barack obama, he was saying we cannot want this more _ obama, he was saying we cannot want this more than they wanted, more than the _ this more than they wanted, more than the palestinians and the israelis — than the palestinians and the israelis want it. that is true, but nonetheless, it is one of those things — nonetheless, it is one of those things. looking back, youjust nonetheless, it is one of those things. looking back, you just wish even _ things. looking back, you just wish even more — things. looking back, you just wish even more had been done. why things. looking back, youjust wish even more had been done.- things. looking back, youjust wish even more had been done. why it has been missed — even more had been done. why it has been missed out _ even more had been done. why it has been missed out of— even more had been done. why it has been missed out of the _ even more had been done. why it has been missed out of the integrated - been missed out of the integrated review? i been missed out of the integrated review? ., ,., ., review? i 'oined the government a month review? ijoined the government a month ago — review? ijoined the government a month ago so _ review? ijoined the government a month ago so i— review? ijoined the government a month ago so i cannot _ review? ijoined the government a month ago so i cannot answer - review? ijoined the government a month ago so i cannot answer that question — month ago so i cannot answer that question. but it has always been the british— question. but it has always been the british government view, i did never change _ british government view, i did never change through the change in prime ministers, _ change through the change in prime ministers, that the two state solution _ ministers, that the two state solution is the answer to the conundrum. that is been consistent policy— conundrum. that is been consistent policy all— conundrum. that is been consistent policy all the way through. i think there _ policy all the way through. i think there have — policy all the way through. i think there have been moments of great effort _ there have been moments of great effort and — there have been moments of great effort and action and moments when it's really— effort and action and moments when it's really politics is going the wrong — it's really politics is going the wrong way, the global financial crisis _ wrong way, the global financial crisis takes over and other problems, and it is harder to get this moving. in my time as prime minister— this moving. in my time as prime minister it— this moving. in my time as prime minister it was very difficult to -et minister it was very difficult to get this— minister it was very difficult to get this dossier moving, and i think

that has— get this dossier moving, and i think that has been the case subsequently. and it's _ that has been the case subsequently. and it's really politics hasjust moved — and it's really politics hasjust moved in _ and it's really politics hasjust moved in a completely different direction — —— israeli politics. -- israeli politics. it is because i listen to our— -- israeli politics. it is because i listen to our partners. _ -- israeli politics. it is because i listen to our partners. i - -- israeli politics. it is because i listen to our partners. i think- -- israeli politics. it is because i listen to our partners. i think it. listen to our partners. i think it is absolutely vital all of us on this committee feel very strongly that we cannot allow this time to be the time that we fail. we must move forward. on the point of moving forward, i will now move us on to other areas. forward, i will now move us on to otherareas. fabian, you forward, i will now move us on to other areas. fabian, you wanted to look at the middle east? i

other areas. fabian, you wanted to look at the middle east?— other areas. fabian, you wanted to look at the middle east? i hope you would agree — look at the middle east? i hope you would agree that _ look at the middle east? i hope you would agree that libya _ look at the middle east? i hope you would agree that libya is _ look at the middle east? i hope you would agree that libya is a - look at the middle east? i hope you would agree that libya is a crucial i would agree that libya is a crucial country given where it is geopolitically and given the total mess it is in, with effectively no estate and different factions fighting for the oil wealth and the exploitation of that oil. in 2016, this committee condemned your decision to intervene in libya as not having been based on accurate intelligence, and as having created a humanitarian crisis. with hindsight, would you agree? the short answer— hindsight, would you agree? the short answer to that is no. i remember— short answer to that is no. i remember reading that report, and i think it _ remember reading that report, and i think it was — remember reading that report, and i think it was my fellow conservative who was _ think it was my fellow conservative who was largely responsible for it. the member of parliament... i don't want _ the member of parliament... idon't want to— the member of parliament... i don't want to get— the member of parliament... i don't want to get his name wrong. the information i had at the time, and i don't _ information i had at the time, and i don't think— information i had at the time, and i don't think it — information i had at the time, and i don't think it was inaccurate, is that— don't think it was inaccurate, is that colonel gaddafi was heading

towards — that colonel gaddafi was heading towards threatening to kill large numbers— towards threatening to kill large numbers of his own population, and we had _ numbers of his own population, and we had seen — numbers of his own population, and we had seen evidence of him doing that already. and we acted in order to prevent — that already. and we acted in order to prevent what could have been a huge _ to prevent what could have been a huge humanitarian crisis and slaughter. and i think the information on which we acted was correct _ information on which we acted was correct and — information on which we acted was correct and i disagree with the report — correct and i disagree with the report i— correct and i disagree with the report. i haven't read it in many years— report. i haven't read it in many years but— report. i haven't read it in many years but i— report. i haven't read it in many years but i will be reading it in 2016— years but i will be reading it in 2016 or— years but i will be reading it in 2016 or 2017. | years but i will be reading it in 2016 or 2017.— years but i will be reading it in 2016 or 2017. �* ., , ., 2016 or 2017. i wasn't a member of the committee _ 2016 or 2017. i wasn't a member of the committee at _ 2016 or 2017. i wasn't a member of the committee at the _ 2016 or 2017. i wasn't a member of the committee at the time - 2016 or 2017. i wasn't a member of the committee at the time so - 2016 or 2017. i wasn't a member of the committee at the time so i - 2016 or 2017. i wasn't a member of the committee at the time so i am | the committee at the time so i am not going to take ownership of it. let's just not call any of our reports bunk. let'sjust not call any of our reports bunk.— let'sjust not call any of our reports bunk. let'sjust not call any of our re orts bunk. ., , ., ., reports bunk. there were many good thins in reports bunk. there were many good things in the — reports bunk. there were many good things in the report, _ reports bunk. there were many good things in the report, but _ reports bunk. there were many good things in the report, but that - things in the report, but that particular— things in the report, but that particular point... the idea that as per minister— particular point... the idea that as per minister you would launch some action— per minister you would launch some action in_ per minister you would launch some action in libya on the basis of, what? — action in libya on the basis of, what? i— action in libya on the basis of, what? i don't know, you thought it would _ what? i don't know, you thought it would be _ what? i don't know, you thought it would be a — what? i don't know, you thought it would be a good idea for no reason? we were _ would be a good idea for no reason? we were genuinely concerned that there _ we were genuinely concerned that there was— we were genuinely concerned that there was going to be a slaughter. i'm sure _ there was going to be a slaughter. i'm sure we — there was going to be a slaughter. i'm sure we all understand that. so was nicolas sarkozy, so was hillary

clinton _ was nicolas sarkozy, so was hillary clinton. , ., , , ., ., clinton. the problem is that we now have effectively _ clinton. the problem is that we now have effectively no _ clinton. the problem is that we now have effectively no state _ clinton. the problem is that we now have effectively no state there, - clinton. the problem is that we now have effectively no state there, no i have effectively no state there, no government, we have competing factions, we have word lords in the shape of people like khalifa haftar. we have different countries, state sponsors of armaments to the different factions. and it is a total mess. and through all of that, many refugees coming from sub—saharan africa are going through libya instead of staying in libya to help rebuild that state. and they are crossing the mediterranean into italy and into europe. surely, there must�*ve some of that the consequence of that intervention? must've some of that the consequence of that intervention?— of that intervention? would you auree? of that intervention? would you agree? what — of that intervention? would you agree? what i _ of that intervention? would you agree? what i would _ of that intervention? would you agree? what i would agree - of that intervention? would you agree? what i would agree with of that intervention? would you i agree? what i would agree with is that at— agree? what i would agree with is that at the — agree? what i would agree with is that at the end of the intervention, when _ that at the end of the intervention, when we _ that at the end of the intervention, when we wanted and the french and others _ when we wanted and the french and others wanted to help the libyan factions— others wanted to help the libyan factions come together, they did not want any— factions come together, they did not want any foreign boots on the

ground — want any foreign boots on the ground. there was a libyan national opposition— ground. there was a libyan national opposition that was relatively well formed _ opposition that was relatively well formed by the time, but they wouldn't _ formed by the time, but they wouldn't accept outside assistance in that— wouldn't accept outside assistance in that way and they said that that would _ in that way and they said that that would make things worse rather than better, _ would make things worse rather than better, and _ would make things worse rather than better, and that was the decision that they— better, and that was the decision that they took. ultimately, i would say they— that they took. ultimately, i would say they failed to take the opportunity to have the help that might— opportunity to have the help that might have been necessary to to take armaments— might have been necessary to to take armaments out of libya to try to get the different groups together to form _ the different groups together to form a — the different groups together to form a more cohesive whole. but we were offering that opportunity. i remember actually bringing the leader— remember actually bringing the leader of the libyan national opposition to the gs in northern ireland _ opposition to the gs in northern ireland in— opposition to the gs in northern ireland in 2013, to have exactly that conversation. but it wasn't something we could make work. there was obviously after the iraq war great _ was obviously after the iraq war great nervousness about putting boots _ great nervousness about putting boots on — great nervousness about putting boots on the ground, but we were willing _ boots on the ground, but we were willing and — boots on the ground, but we were willing and we were willing to try different — willing and we were willing to try different things if they wanted to, but they— different things if they wanted to, but they didn't want to. the}r different things if they wanted to, but they didn't want to. they blame lies squarely _ but they didn't want to. they blame lies squarely with _ but they didn't want to. they blame

lies squarely with the _ but they didn't want to. they blame lies squarely with the libyans? - but they didn't want to. they blame lies squarely with the libyans? it i lies squarely with the libyans? it is up to you to decide what you think — is up to you to decide what you think my— is up to you to decide what you think. my view is it was right to intervene. _ think. my view is it was right to intervene, it was right to stop gaddafi — intervene, it was right to stop gaddafi killing his own people, it was right— gaddafi killing his own people, it was right to give that country a chance — was right to give that country a chance of— was right to give that country a chance of a brighter future. they didn't— chance of a brighter future. they didn't want— chance of a brighter future. they didn't want to have that help in reconstruction and that is the view that i_ reconstruction and that is the view that i take — reconstruction and that is the view that i take. . reconstruction and that is the view that i take-— that i take. can i move us to the other end. _ that i take. can i move us to the other end. to — that i take. can i move us to the other end, to morocco? - that i take. can i move us to the other end, to morocco? i - that i take. can i move us to the other end, to morocco? i will. other end, to morocco? i will declare my interest in that i was a guest of the moroccan parliament on a visit in october of 2022, refer to my member's declaration of interest. morocco is a stable country with a functioning democracy. it is of huge strategic importance to the uk and we have a long—standing relationship with it. would you agree, and what would you do as foreign secretary, to further the partnership that we have with this country that is so important geopolitically and can supply us with green energy and has just built this massive port that is

doing so much to help international trade into africa? first doing so much to help international trade into africa?— trade into africa? first of all, i have spoken — trade into africa? first of all, i have spoken to _ trade into africa? first of all, i have spoken to my _ trade into africa? first of all, i have spoken to my opposite i trade into africa? first of all, i - have spoken to my opposite twice, actually. _ have spoken to my opposite twice, actually, but certainly one since taking _ actually, but certainly one since taking thisjob. i think the relations are in a very good place. ithink— relations are in a very good place. i think there — relations are in a very good place. i think there is a lot of bilateral cooperation, the huge appetite on the part— cooperation, the huge appetite on the part of— cooperation, the huge appetite on the part of morocco to play a bigger role in _ the part of morocco to play a bigger role in the — the part of morocco to play a bigger role in the region and indeed when it comes _ role in the region and indeed when it comes to— role in the region and indeed when it comes to the middle east peace process, — it comes to the middle east peace process, as well as to be far more outward _ process, as well as to be far more outward facing about investment and partnerships and everything else. i think— partnerships and everything else. i think it _ partnerships and everything else. i think it is _ partnerships and everything else. i think it is a — partnerships and everything else. i think it is a very good opportunity for a _ think it is a very good opportunity for a strong relationship. they are artners for a strong relationship. they are partners in _ for a strong relationship. they are partners in helping _ for a strong relationship. they are partners in helping to _ for a strong relationship. they are partners in helping to bring - for a strong relationship. they are partners in helping to bring about| partners in helping to bring about the two state solution? i partners in helping to bring about the two state solution?— partners in helping to bring about the two state solution? i have had lots of conversations _ the two state solution? i have had lots of conversations with - the two state solution? i have had| lots of conversations with countries that have _ lots of conversations with countries that have an interest in how we move forward, _ that have an interest in how we move forward, and — that have an interest in how we move forward, and they have been some of the most _ forward, and they have been some of the most forward leaning, enthusiastic about the role they might— enthusiastic about the role they might be — enthusiastic about the role they might be able to play. but also very

enthusiastic about the bilateral relationship and what more we can do together~ _ relationship and what more we can do together. you relationship and what more we can do touether. ., ., , ., together. you have said there is an enthusiastic _ together. you have said there is an enthusiastic relationship _ together. you have said there is an enthusiastic relationship between i enthusiastic relationship between britain _ enthusiastic relationship between britain and — enthusiastic relationship between britain and morocco, _ enthusiastic relationship between britain and morocco, you - enthusiastic relationship between britain and morocco, you have . enthusiastic relationship between. britain and morocco, you have said they are _ britain and morocco, you have said they are a — britain and morocco, you have said they are a partner— britain and morocco, you have said they are a partner in— britain and morocco, you have said they are a partner in some - britain and morocco, you have said they are a partner in some of- britain and morocco, you have said they are a partner in some of our. they are a partner in some of our endeavours _ they are a partner in some of our endeavours. given _ they are a partner in some of our endeavours. given that _ they are a partner in some of our endeavours. given that there - they are a partner in some of our endeavours. given that there is i they are a partner in some of our. endeavours. given that there is the long-standing _ endeavours. given that there is the long—standing dispute _ endeavours. given that there is the long—standing dispute over- endeavours. given that there is the | long—standing dispute over western sahara _ long—standing dispute over western sahara and — long—standing dispute over western sahara and the _ long—standing dispute over western sahara and the united _ long—standing dispute over western sahara and the united states- sahara and the united states recognised _ sahara and the united states recognised moroccan - sahara and the united states. recognised moroccan southern sahara and the united states- recognised moroccan southern thri over western — recognised moroccan southern thri over western sahara _ recognised moroccan southern thri over western sahara in _ recognised moroccan southern thri over western sahara in 2020, - recognised moroccan southern thri i over western sahara in 2020, which helped _ over western sahara in 2020, which helped unlock — over western sahara in 2020, which helped unlock the _ over western sahara in 2020, which helped unlock the normalisation - over western sahara in 2020, which helped unlock the normalisation ofl helped unlock the normalisation of relations— helped unlock the normalisation of relations with _ helped unlock the normalisation of relations with israel— helped unlock the normalisation of relations with israel for _ helped unlock the normalisation of relations with israel for morocco, i relations with israel for morocco, why won't— relations with israel for morocco, why won't we? _ relations with israel for morocco, why won't we? i'm“ _ relations with israel for morocco, why won't we?— relations with israel for morocco, wh won'twe? �* , ., why won't we? i'm very happy to take this away and — why won't we? i'm very happy to take this away and look— why won't we? i'm very happy to take this away and look at _ why won't we? i'm very happy to take this away and look at it. _ why won't we? i'm very happy to take this away and look at it. whenever i i this away and look at it. whenever i have asked — this away and look at it. whenever i have asked this question before, i remember— have asked this question before, i remember as have asked this question before, i rememberas prime have asked this question before, i remember as prime minister it was always— remember as prime minister it was always when you were preparing for prime _ always when you were preparing for prime minister's questions, i don't see a _ prime minister's questions, i don't see a case — prime minister's questions, i don't see a case for change but i'm very happy— see a case for change but i'm very happy to— see a case for change but i'm very happy to take it away and have a look _ happy to take it away and have a look. ., ~' . happy to take it away and have a look. ., ,, ., �* ., , is happy to take it away and have a look-_ is this look. on to ukraine, bob. is this conflict in _ look. on to ukraine, bob. is this conflict in gaza _ look. on to ukraine, bob. is this conflict in gaza hampering - look. on to ukraine, bob. is this. conflict in gaza hampering support to ukraine? it is

conflict in gaza hampering support to ukraine?— to ukraine? it is certainly taking attention away _ to ukraine? it is certainly taking attention away from _ to ukraine? it is certainly taking attention away from ukraine, i to ukraine? it is certainly taking i attention away from ukraine, which i think is— attention away from ukraine, which i think is a _ attention away from ukraine, which i think is a pity and i think it is the job— think is a pity and i think it is the job of— think is a pity and i think it is the job of the strongest supporters of ukraine, of which i would say britain — of ukraine, of which i would say britain is — of ukraine, of which i would say britain is rightly won, to do everything we can to put it as high up everything we can to put it as high up the _ everything we can to put it as high up the agenda as possible, to keep the partnership and coalition of countries — the partnership and coalition of countries that back ukraine as a strong _ countries that back ukraine as a strong and _ countries that back ukraine as a strong and united and as purposeful as possible. how confident are you in the _ as possible. how confident are you in the uk _ as possible. how confident are you in the uk ability to continue to support— in the uk ability to continue to support ukraine in a prolonged conflict? — support ukraine in a prolonged conflict? let support ukraine in a prolonged conflict? , , ., ., conflict? let me 'ust give you two ieces of conflict? let me just give you two pieces of concern. _ conflict? let me just give you two pieces of concern. one _ conflict? let me just give you two pieces of concern. one is - pieces of concern. one is potentially what might happen in the us elections, and secondly because there is a lot of circumstantial evidence to suggest that supplies to the ukrainians are beginning to dry up, that we are being slow to commit, that other countries in europe are being slow to commit, and if the ukrainians are needing over... to hold positions, and they are getting an estimated half of

that, we are effectively undermining their ability to defend themselves against the russian state, which is now on a war economy footing when we are not. the now on a war economy footing when we are not. ., now on a war economy footing when we are not. ._ , ., now on a war economy footing when we are not. ._ y., ., ,~' are not. the way you ask the question _ are not. the way you ask the question is — are not. the way you ask the question is do _ are not. the way you ask the question is do i _ are not. the way you ask the question is do i think - are not. the way you ask the question is do i think the i are not. the way you ask the question is do i think the uk | are not. the way you ask the i question is do i think the uk will continue — question is do i think the uk will continue to commit? absolutely. i think— continue to commit? absolutely. i think it _ continue to commit? absolutely. i think it is — continue to commit? absolutely. i think it is very good that there is such— think it is very good that there is such a _ think it is very good that there is such a cross—party consensus about this _ such a cross—party consensus about this this— such a cross—party consensus about this this is— such a cross—party consensus about this. this is not an area of contention in british politics, whereas— contention in british politics, whereas it is a little bit more in american — whereas it is a little bit more in american politics and some european countries _ american politics and some european countries. there is wholehearted support— countries. there is wholehearted support from people in this country for economic, diplomatic, military support~ _ for economic, diplomatic, military support. people took refugees into their own _ support. people took refugees into their own homes. we understand the danger— their own homes. we understand the danger of— their own homes. we understand the danger of letting european boundaries being redrawn by force and the _ boundaries being redrawn by force and the danger of not responding to aggression. sol and the danger of not responding to aggression. so i have got great confidence in that. i would agree with you — confidence in that. i would agree with you that of all the things i have _ with you that of all the things i have seen— with you that of all the things i have seen on becoming foreign secretary. _ have seen on becoming foreign secretary, i have been incredibly impressed by the work that has been

done, _ impressed by the work that has been done, the _ impressed by the work that has been done, the support, we are working with ukrainians, all of that and the leadership— with ukrainians, all of that and the leadership we are giving internationally is great, the one area _ internationally is great, the one area i_ internationally is great, the one area i want to see more when i'm speaking _ area i want to see more when i'm speaking to— area i want to see more when i'm speaking to the defence secretary at the prime _ speaking to the defence secretary at the prime minister, is how we do more _ the prime minister, is how we do more to— the prime minister, is how we do more to get our and others production of arms and arguments for ukraine _ production of arms and arguments for ukraine on— production of arms and arguments for ukraine on two more of a immobilised footing. _ ukraine on two more of a immobilised footing. and _ ukraine on two more of a immobilised footing, and i think there is more to be _ footing, and i think there is more to be done — footing, and i think there is more to be done on that. i don't have an to be done on that. idon't have an answer— to be done on that. i don't have an answer today but i'm very focused on it. ~ ., answer today but i'm very focused on it. . ., , ., answer today but i'm very focused on it. ~ . , ., ., answer today but i'm very focused on it. we are still not on immobilised footin: , it. we are still not on immobilised footing. and _ it. we are still not on immobilised footing. and if— it. we are still not on immobilised footing, and if the _ it. we are still not on immobilised footing, and if the americans i it. we are still not on immobilised footing, and if the americans for i footing, and if the americans for any reason pull back in their support, are you confident that the uk and its european allies can't make up the difference, considering that actually our support and total supply of 155 shells could have kept the ukrainians going for a month at their current rate? the the ukrainians going for a month at their current rate?— their current rate? the figures are, in terms of — their current rate? the figures are, in terms of military _ their current rate? the figures are, in terms of military support, - their current rate? the figures are, in terms of military support, if i their current rate? the figures are, in terms of military support, if you | in terms of military support, if you add the _ in terms of military support, if you add the uk — in terms of military support, if you add the uk and europe together in

terms _ add the uk and europe together in terms of— add the uk and europe together in terms of military support, we are about— terms of military support, we are about equivalent to what the us has done, _ about equivalent to what the us has done, so _ about equivalent to what the us has done, so the direct answer to your question— done, so the direct answer to your question is— done, so the direct answer to your question is we really need the americans to come forward with this package _ americans to come forward with this package i_ americans to come forward with this package. i am americans to come forward with this package. lam pretty americans to come forward with this package. i am pretty confident that they will— package. i am pretty confident that they will because ultimately there is a majority in congress for it. i have _ is a majority in congress for it. i have been— is a majority in congress for it. i have been on the hill myself and had meetings _ have been on the hill myself and had meetings with everyone from the speaker— meetings with everyone from the speaker to marjorie taylor greene who is— speaker to marjorie taylor greene who is not— speaker to marjorie taylor greene who is not that supportive, but there _ who is not that supportive, but there is— who is not that supportive, but there is a — who is not that supportive, but there is a majority. sol who is not that supportive, but there is a majority. so i think that will happen. but the point is that is not _ will happen. but the point is that is not enough. we want the european support— is not enough. we want the european support to _ is not enough. we want the european support to go through, we want the us support — support to go through, we want the us support to go through, our package — us support to go through, our package which we will be announcing shortly~ _ package which we will be announcing shortly~ as _ package which we will be announcing shortly. as well as that, we have -ot shortly. as well as that, we have got to— shortly. as well as that, we have got to recognise now that as well as helping _ got to recognise now that as well as helping ukraine through this winter and to— helping ukraine through this winter and to help them take the fight to russia _ and to help them take the fight to russia particularly in terms of the attacks— russia particularly in terms of the attacks they have made on russian facilities _ attacks they have made on russian facilities in — attacks they have made on russian facilities in crimea and worshipped and the _ facilities in crimea and worshipped and the rest of it, as well as that — and the rest of it, as well as that... . , ., ., ., that... can i 'ust ask, for greater

clari , that. .. can i 'ust ask, for greater clarity. from— that... can i just ask, for greater clarity, from the _ that... can i just ask, for greater clarity, from the fco _ that... can i just ask, for greater clarity, from the fco and - that... can i just ask, for greater clarity, from the fco and the i clarity, from the fco and the defence and the ministry of defence about our level of supply, but also greater clarity over the european union's level of supply. i ask that not because we want to give secret information and give it public, but because if we know that giving 2 million shells a year to the ukrainians, it is important that the russians know that they cannot just wait for us to fade away. so you need that clarity of supply. flan wait for us to fade away. so you need that clarity of supply. can you iive us need that clarity of supply. can you give us that? _ need that clarity of supply. can you give us that? what _ need that clarity of supply. can you give us that? what i _ need that clarity of supply. can you give us that? what i can _ need that clarity of supply. can you give us that? what i can give - need that clarity of supply. can you give us that? what i can give you i need that clarity of supply. can you j give us that? what i can give you is that our— give us that? what i can give you is that our commitment is such that with our— that our commitment is such that with our allies we want to demonstrate to put very clearly that he cannot _ demonstrate to put very clearly that he cannot wait us out, that we are prepared — he cannot wait us out, that we are prepared to — he cannot wait us out, that we are prepared to support ukraine through 24, prepared to support ukraine through 24. 25, _ prepared to support ukraine through 24. 25, 26~ — prepared to support ukraine through 24, 25, 26. we are prepared to give that support. this is absolutely the challenge _ that support. this is absolutely the challenge of our generation. i don't want to— challenge of our generation. i don't want to get— challenge of our generation. i don't want to get into numbers, but add up the gdp_ want to get into numbers, but add up the gdp of— want to get into numbers, but add up the gdp of the countries of the coalition— the gdp of the countries of the coalition and we out rank russia 25 to one _ coalition and we out rank russia 25 to one so— coalition and we out rank russia 25 to one so it — coalition and we out rank russia 25 to one. so it should not be

impossible for us to get onto a sufficient — impossible for us to get onto a sufficient footing. you impossible for us to get onto a sufficient footing.— impossible for us to get onto a sufficient footing. you could say that with afghan _ sufficient footing. you could say that with afghan we _ sufficient footing. you could say that with afghan we were - sufficient footing. you could say that with afghan we were 100 i sufficient footing. you could say i that with afghan we were 100 times over and that did not work out. i think there is a big difference on our continent, that we can see. we can see _ our continent, that we can see. we can see the — our continent, that we can see. we can see the effect on our security so directly— can see the effect on our security so directly that i don't sense any slippage — so directly that i don't sense any slippage in this country for support for ukraine. when i talk to european foreign _ for ukraine. when i talk to european foreign ministers, there is huge enthusiasm for doing as much as we can. ~ . , enthusiasm for doing as much as we can, ~ ., , ., enthusiasm for doing as much as we can. ~ . , ., ., ., enthusiasm for doing as much as we can. we are still not on a footing? we need to _ can. we are still not on a footing? we need to do _ can. we are still not on a footing? we need to do more _ can. we are still not on a footing? we need to do more on _ can. we are still not on a footing? we need to do more on that - can. we are still not on a footing? | we need to do more on that front. henry? _ we need to do more on that front. hen ? . ~' , ., we need to do more on that front. hen ? ., ,, y., ., we need to do more on that front. hen ? ., ., ., henry? thank you for appearing towards us- _ henry? thank you for appearing towards us. turning _ henry? thank you for appearing towards us. turning to - henry? thank you for appearing towards us. turning to a - henry? thank you for appearing i towards us. turning to a different part of— towards us. turning to a different part of the — towards us. turning to a different part of the globe. _ towards us. turning to a different part of the globe. you _ towards us. turning to a different part of the globe. you will- towards us. turning to a different part of the globe. you will be i towards us. turning to a different i part of the globe. you will be aware that negotiations _ part of the globe. you will be aware that negotiations have _ part of the globe. you will be aware that negotiations have been- part of the globe. you will be aware that negotiations have been going i part of the globe. you will be aware i that negotiations have been going on between _ that negotiations have been going on between london _ that negotiations have been going on between london and _ that negotiations have been going on between london and port _ that negotiations have been going on between london and port louis - that negotiations have been going on between london and port louis for. between london and port louis for 'ust between london and port louis for just over— between london and port louis for just over a — between london and port louis for just over a year _ between london and port louis for just over a year now— between london and port louis for just over a year now on _ between london and port louis for just over a year now on future - just over a year now on future

sovereignty _ now with a new cold war and indeed the chinese — now with a new cold war and indeed the chinese built— now with a new cold war and indeed the chinese built and _ now with a new cold war and indeed the chinese built and road _ the chinese built and road initiative. _ the chinese built and road initiative, what— the chinese built and road initiative, what is- the chinese built and road initiative, what is your- the chinese built and road. initiative, what is your view the chinese built and road - initiative, what is your view on the strategic— initiative, what is your view on the strategic security— initiative, what is your view on the strategic security and _ initiative, what is your view on the strategic security and military - strategic security and military importance _ strategic security and military importance to _ strategic security and military importance to microbe - strategic security and military importance to microbe you i strategic security and militaryl importance to microbe you are watching — importance to microbe you are watching bbc— importance to microbe you are watching bbc news. _ importance to microbe you are watching bbc news. we - importance to microbe you are watching bbc news.— importance to microbe you are watching bbc news. we are going to net awa watching bbc news. we are going to get away from _ watching bbc news. we are going to get away from the _ watching bbc news. we are going to get away from the foreign _ watching bbc news. we are going to get away from the foreign select i get away from the foreign select committee for the moment, but lord cameron was there, taking questions. that is because he is not a member of parliament though, as a lord, he is taking questions from the foreign affairs select committee, and he was speaking about a range of issues, he was quizzed on the ongoing conflict in gaza, the issues in the red sea and on the topic of international aid. your watching bbc news.

live from london, this is bbc news. records "tumble like dominoes" as european scientists confirm that 2023 was the warmest year on record. lord cameron says he is worried

israel may have taken action in gaza which breached international law. i worried they have taken action which might be in breach of international law because this particular premise has been bombed? yes. law because this particular premise has been bombed?— law because this particular premise has been bombed? yes, of course. a leial has been bombed? yes, of course. a legal scandal — has been bombed? yes, of course. a legal scandal in _ has been bombed? yes, of course. a legal scandal in which _ has been bombed? yes, of course. a legal scandal in which hundreds - has been bombed? yes, of course. a legal scandal in which hundreds of i legal scandal in which hundreds of post office managers prosecuted for fraud has caused the former head to hand back and honour she received from the late queen. the former us president donald trump is in court for a landmark legal case, about whether he should be immune from criminal prosecution. america's top diplomat antony blinken repeats the need to do everything possible to "minimize harm" to civilians in gaza, as he meets with israel's prime minister. hello, i'm matthew amroliwala, welcome to verified live, three hours of breaking stories, and checking out the truth behind them. we start with a troubling landmark for the climate as 2023 smashes the record, for the world's hottest year ever recorded. european scientists say, that 2023 left the records "tumbling like dominoes".

the average global temperature in the past 12 months