anti—terrorist prosecutors have taken over the investigation into friday's mass stabbing in the town of sohlingen in western germany. a suspect who turned himself in is said to have confessed to carrying out the attack. the 26—year—old is reported to be a syrian asylum seeker, who's being investigated for links to the islamic state group. the russian founder of the telegram messaging service, pavel durov, is expected to appear in court later on sunday. french media is reporting that the billionaire was arrested on saturday at an airport on the outskirts of paris. iam back i am back at the top of the hour. now on bbc news, click: mind over matter. last year, i travelled to california to see the latest innovation aiming to help us live healthier lives for longer.

this time, i'm back to look at our brain health. social interaction is basically exercising your brain. i meet the scientists and experts investigating what we can do to reduce our cognitive ageing. what you see here is six different major circuits of the brain. could we bend the arrow of alzheimer's disease . risk down on itself? hey, you must be lara! hello! i visit the residents of one of the world's blue zones... i don't smoke, i don't drink alcohol and i'm a vegetarian. ..and catch up with the tech entrepreneur trying to turn back time on his body and mind. it's going to feel like the womb. i can't remember what that felt like! they laugh

i'm visiting one of the world's so—called blue zones to find out why its residents live longer, healthier lives than average. many of those in loma linda, california, are seventh—day adventists — a religious group that really values health and community. health and community. hey, you must be lara! hey, you must be lara! hello! hello! yes. yes. awesome! awesome! lovely to meet you. lovely to meet you. so good to meet you, lara. so good to meet you, lara. would you like for me would you like for me to prepare you a breakfast? to prepare you a breakfast? oh, yes, please. oh, yes, please. 0h! 0h! that would be lovely. that would be lovely. that would be awesome. that would be awesome. what i can see already here looks what i can see already here looks very healthy and very tasty. very healthy and very tasty. yes, we enjoy fruits and nuts yes, we enjoy fruits and nuts and grains and all of this stuff. and grains and all of this stuff. you've actually become really you've actually become really involved in the community here, involved in the community here, even though you weren't born here? even though you weren't born here? no, i'm originally no, i'm originally from the netherlands. from the netherlands. actually, when i came, actually, when i came, it was a culture shock. it was a culture shock. of course, being a catholic and of course, being a catholic and coming into seventh—day adventists, coming into seventh—day adventists, they were very, very much reserved. they were very, very much reserved.

there was a change, i had to

it's a happy place it's a happy place to be, absolutely. to be, absolutely. yeah, it's a happy place. yeah, it's a happy place. and happiness is good and happiness is good for your longevity. for your longevity. exactly. exactly. mm—hm. mm—hm. exactly. exactly. they may credit the religion, they may credit the religion, they may credit the lifestyle, they may credit the lifestyle, but there's no great secret — but there's no great secret — they're simply living they're simply living a really healthy life. a really healthy life. at these assisted living apartments, at these assisted living apartments, esther has already been esther has already been to her daily exercise class. to her daily exercise class. what is your age, if you what is your age, if you don't mind me asking? don't mind me asking? that i have lasted this you don't know yet? you don't know yet? i don't know yet. i don't know yet. i'm glad you're sitting — i'm glad you're sitting — i'll be 100 in august. i'll be 100 in august. you're going to be 100? you're going to be 100? that is amazing! that is amazing! how old do you feel? how old do you feel? she chuckles i feel older she chuckles i feel older than when i was 80. - than when i was 80. - lara laughs do you think lara laughs do you think being here in loma linda, being here in loma linda, within this kind of community, within this kind of community, is what is responsible is what is responsible for you being so good for your age? for you being so good for your age? of course, our religion, i think, of course, our religion, i think, has a lot to do with it. has a lot to do with it.

it's very interesting to me it's very interesting to me that i have lasted this long and at night—time, i pray to...

and so, the ability to just have heart—opening, brain—opening conversations is very, very, very important. and that mental stimulation matters. as we get older, our brains shrink, we lose brain cells and brain connections. this can impact our memory and our attention spans. it doesn't happen to everyone equally, though. our bodies age, our brain ages at different speeds, based on different things. there are 87—year—olds that are sharp as a whip, and part of it's genetics and part of it's lifestyle. the life you lead informs your genetics and your genetics then expresses itself based on the interactions you have with your environment, which is why social interaction is so important. social interaction is basically exercising your brain. as we start to understand more about how it works and ages,

experts are taking advantage of the power of ai and big data. it helps them see patterns of how cognitive decline can play out and, indeed, the disease process when it comes to something like dementia. but also other sources... andrei irimia researches brain ageing. based on data from 15,000 brains, he's aiming to provide a better way of predicting decline. it's looking at a lot of different patterns related not only to shrinking of the brain, but also, change in the properties of the signal and intensity on these mri scans. so it's a very sophisticated way to look at patterns that we don't necessarily know about as humans, but the ai algorithm is able to pick up on them. would you be able to identify early signs? what sort of uses are there in this technology

for helping with dementia? so this shows differences in ageing between cognitively normal adults and patients with alzheimer's disease. everywhere you see either red or blue, those are areas where ageing is occurring in a different way in patients with alzheimer's. the reason this is red is because this is in an area of the brain called the medial temporal lobe, heavily involved in memory, which is important in memory formation. and what we see in alzheimer's is that you have degradation of the ability to recall memories and also to encode new memories. so the work you're doing here, what sort of impact can that have on both diagnosing and potentially even treating alzheimer's? so if we can identify individuals whose brains are ageing a lot faster and estimate their risk for disease a lot better, so that either clinicians can provide custom tailored treatment or individuals themselves can implement lifestyle changes.

brainkey is one company commercialising this type of research. the platform quantifies how each section of your brain is ageing. to see what it made of how i'm doing, i needed an mri. what this shows is an image of your whole brain, but also 25 different areas in the brain and the volumes associated. the summary of the brainkey analysis is the brainage, which is an assessment of your general brain health. so your brainage is a3. so that's good news? it's good news. so we would ideally want brainage to be either at or lower than your chronological age. it's always preferable to have it slightly below. mri scanners, just like all technology, are getting faster and better and cheaper, so it's becoming much more accessible for people to get an mri

scan, and the images coming off of them are getting even better and better. the technology's just getting to a point where we are able to see things much earlier than we could in the past, and that means we can understand exactly what's happening in an individual patient's brain. and now, with al, we can support that. and that could change the game. wow! what is this? it could also give you a nice new ornament. oh, my goodness! a gold version of my brain with my name under it. is that life size? i am a professional rejuvenation athlete. i love it. tech entrepreneur bryanjohnson is spending millions trying to turn back time on his body. mri, ultrasound, witness tests, ear measurements, if it can be measured,

we can do it. i visited him last year to unearth his extreme and sometimes controversial regime of fitness, fasting, a load of tablets, tracking and treatments, and i'm back to see how it's going. it's three steps, no rail. 0k. and i have to do this now. he laughs 0h, yep. nice work. it really hits the... a little bit imbalanced, but generally... yay, i did it! yeah, good job. well done. how old am i?! a lot younger than a lot of people who pass through the house. we're back in the clinic. yeah, we're back! so if you step over here... ..on top of this. 0k. and then hold it here. right. and then i'll turn it on. but first, let me give you eye protection. lovely. thank you. what is this actually going to do to me? it's going to make you feel...it�*s going to give you energy. you love energy. is this going to feel like lying in the sun?

it's going to feel like the womb. i can't remember what that felt like! they laugh are you ready? wow, its bright even with these on my eyes. i do it for accelerated healing, blood flow, even for mood improvement. it does feel a bit like that warmth from the sunshine, which does make you feel quite happy. and this is going to give me energy? it will. what have you achieved, what is possible and what is challenging? hearing is something that you can't do much about. hearing is something that you can't do much about. heart health, we have made great strides in. my cardiovascular ability, my strength. can you talk me through what you're looking at in your brain, and then any kind of interventions you're doing to try and reverse that biological age? we look at the brain several ways. 0ne, we look at the anatomical structure with mri. so the brain shrinks and changes over time. so you're looking at the actual brain. and then, functionally, you're looking at how it actually works. but then, what can you do next? so we've done several things. like, last year, when we spoke, i mentioned that i had internal

jugular vein stenosis. so i had problems where my posture was poor like this, and it actually... certainly not now. yeah, i fixed it. yeah. and it lessened my blood flow, and so with bad posture, i had white matter hyperintensities. this is like a scarring for the brain. when i fixed my posture and i did the physical therapy exercises, i reduced my white matter hyperintensities by nine years. so i dramatically reduced my brain age by fixing my posture. all of this is, of course, just one person's experiments and he's testing all sorts. well, i would ask if we're going cycling, but it's attached to something, so i don't think we are. what is this? the theory is that this therapy can improve concentration, peacefulness, improve sleep and may also improve the white matter hyperintensities. so it may improve damage that's caused in the brain. there's no evidence on this, so we're experimenting as we do with a lot of things.

so i do this every day for ten minutes — if you want to try it out? i'd love to try it out. i doubt i'm actually going to feel anything in the time that i put it on, am i? but maybe, i'm going to be incredibly sharp and clever later. 0k. what's it actually doing? how does it work? so just like you're familiar with red light therapy for the body... yeah. ..for improved healing, it's the same thing for the brain. just a wavelength that's optimised to go through the skull and the skin and get to the brain. what we have to remember is that if you do an experiment on an individual, that is very different than an experiment on a population that can be peer reviewed and replicated. we know the importance of social interactions when it comes to feeling young. and that sense of community and talking to people really helps us feel our best, often. but you don't like talking to people, especially after 8:30, when you go to bed. so don't you think you need to do a bit more socialising if you're doing everything to try and reduce your biological age? yeah.

um, uh, yeah... i would say i am more an introvert than an extrovert. i do socialise quite a bit. so i'll gather people together at my house, we'll have a dinner and we'll talk about the future of being human. maybe, though, we can learn something from the animal world, and one company has been researching ground squirrels, like this one behind me, to see what they're gaining from hibernation. they may have come out to play today, but this lot spend half the year going in and out of a state of intense hibernation. their body temperature drops and their metabolic rate is turned down to just i% of normal. as they're leaving hibernation, they have this amazing adaptation where they're able to regrow these neurones and they're able to have these neuronal connections again.

biotech company fauna has been tracking the animals, aiming to develop drugs to replicate these benefits in humans. as they re—emerge, a swab is taken for further investigation. back here in the lab, there's a biobank of squirrel tissue cells here in the corner. but after that, it becomes all about experimenting on human cells and seeing what can be replicated in them. one side of the coin is looking at alzheimer's disease patients and saying, �*what�*s different about their proteins? which genes are active or not active?�* and then we compare that to the opposing biology of the squirrel, that we know can modify the protein in a good way and regrow the neurones. but does that translate into humans? yes. essentially, we only look at genes that are highly similar to humans. so we're talking about 90% of the protein or more looks exactly like the human protein.

spending six months a year underground isn't generally an option for us, but getting good sleep is crucial. sleep is the single most effective thing that you can do each and every day to reset your brain and body health. there is no operation of your mind that isn't wonderfully enhanced when you get sleep or demonstrably impaired when you don't get enough. professor matthew walker spends most of his waking hours talking sleep and analysing that of patients in his sleep clinic. this is where the staff will be monitoring the patient. these are nets that we place on your head, and it allows us to precisely measure exactly where we need to place the electrodes consistently on every head. and we've got your data.

these sorts of experiments teach matthew and other sleep experts a lot. your brain has a cleansing system. we knew that your body had one — it's called the lymphatic system. you've heard of that. we didn't think the brain had one, but it does, and it's called the glymphatic system, named after the glial cells that make it up. it was specifically during sleep and during deep sleep that this sort of, you know, power cleanse for the brain began to unfold. why is this relevant for alzheimer's? because two of the pieces of metabolic build—up of this detritus that was washed away by the glymphatic system during sleep were things called beta—amyloid and tau protein, which are two of the culprits underlying alzheimer's. there is a silver lining in all of this story of dementia and sleep, because maybe we can do something about it. you don't start to see the decline in your deep sleep

that is associated with alzheimer's risk in your 605 or 705, it's already under way. it begins in your late 305, we can start to detect that decline. so what if i could shift from a model of late—stage treatment to a model of midlife prevention, and could we start to help the brain at that midlife 5tage? and in doing so, could we bend the arrow of alzheimer's disease ri5k down on itself? it's notjust sleep that's coming under the spotlight. there's increasing research into the long—term impact of depression. what we've developed is a way to directly measure how your brain functions. and in doing that, we can understand the root causes of mental health disorders such as depression.

someone might say i feel like i can't experience happiness any more, you know, i don't want to engage in life. it is very general. what is underlying that? what is the root cause? and the breakthrough here is the fact that you can actually see this on a scan. you can see depression. exactly. what we've been able to do is take that complexity and measure what we call the kind of superhighways, the primary connections involved in how we think, how we feel and what gets disrupted. the presence of having depression does increase the risk for later—life conditions — some dementias, other chronic diseases as well. data from 6,600 people's brains has been analysed to understand what looks healthy and how signs of depression can show up. what you see here is six different major circuits of the brain, and they're engaged in functions like how we think, the one in red, how we feel positive

emotion, the one in purple. so all six parts are important and they give us a way to understand the different types of depressions. these scores are out of 110 so ideally somewhere around five, 5.5 is the middle range, and that is the kind of healthy average. depression, sadly, it affects people when they're very young. very often, the onset is late teens, early 20s. and so, if you don't find a way to understand that and treat, ultimately prevent, you're going to have the chronic effect of that dysfunction, disruption in the brain across your life. piano music: amazing grace # amazing grace, how sweet the sound... music is a big part of life here at loma linda, and there could be some brain gains. recent studies suggest that learning a musical instrument or even singing

throughout your life could benefit your brain health in later years. playing the piano was seen to be particularly beneficial to memory and problem solving. # than when we've first begun... very nice! it's not only about staying sharp, though. healthy, happy ageing is about the whole package. mildred was a doctor. she even set up a hospital in uganda and was working in health care in loma linda. you're 103, aren't you? yes. that's an incredible age. how old do you feel? i'm getting like a worn—out model t that's falling apart. lara chuckles how would you describe your quality of life at this point? pretty useless.

i would never recommend and say, �*0k, you pick being old as the way you're going to end your life.�* forget it. you've lived quite some life. you've had to go through a lot to reach this age. do you recommend living into your hundreds or not? i don't think i'd recommend anything about life and its length...to anybody. take it as it comes. i have tried to...be happy. and i've managed pretty well. going from talking to bryanjohnson to someone who's 103 made this all seem very real. we need to look after not just our bodies, but our minds. it's just a matter of how important being able to quantify that is.

it's certainly going to make a difference when it comes to research in the future, and the power of ai and big data is making a lot of that possible. it'sjust, right now, there is no silver bullet. the power of this computational biology and ai will be to help you understand yourself over time and what the things you do benefit you. technology is helping us understand and predict like never before. we know better than ever what we should be doing to look after ourselves. but perhaps, mildred should have the last word. you absolutely need to be very careful with your diet. it's true. but i'm not down for any, �*you've got to do this and this and this and absolutely not touch this.�* do you think it's more important to live? i think it's more important to live.

hello. in southern and eastern parts of the uk, where yesterday was such a soggy affair, today it is a little drier and brighter. compare that with the situation further north and west, where we are bearing the brunt of yet more heavy rain. this shield of cloud on our earlier satellite image, which has been spinning its way in from the atlantic, continuing to bring heavy rain across a good part of scotland through the afternoon, some of that rain into the far north of england. the rain perhaps easing off a little bit across northern ireland. some drizzly bits and pieces for parts of north wales, the south west at times. further south and east, a little bit of sunshine.

quite windy out there, in fact, gusts of more than 40mph across parts of north wales and northern england. temperatures, well, maybe just a little bit higher than they were yesterday — 1a to 20 degrees. now, this evening and tonight, i think we'll see a few showers across southern counties of england. also, the remains of this weather front bringing cloud and some showers across parts of northern ireland, southwest scotland and northern england. 0n the whole, not quite as chilly as it was last night, although in the north—east of scotland it will get quite cold, aberdeen all the way down to six degrees celsius. and then we head on into tomorrow, a bank holiday for most of us, of course. still the remains of this weather front here bringing a zone of cloud and some bits and pieces of showery rain. those showers tending to edge northwards through the day. so scotland having a bit more cloud. some showery rain at times. a few showers, perhaps, for northern ireland, for northern england. further south it should be largely dry, with some spells of sunshine. 0n the whole, a drier day than we've been used to of late, and a slightly warmer one as well. north to south, 1a

to 23 degrees. as we head through monday night and into tuesday, here comes another frontal system that will bring some wet and rather windy weather across western parts of the uk. but just ahead of that weather front, we are going to start to tap into something a little bit warmer. so, across many central and eastern parts of england on tuesday we should see some spells of sunshine and some warmth. but for western england, for wales, parts of northern ireland and scotland there will be some outbreaks of rain. even here, temperatures higher than they have been of late, but 25, maybe 26 degrees for east anglia and the south—east. it may turn warmer still for the middle parts of the week. always some outbreaks of rain further north and west.

live from london, this is bbc news. israel launches a wave of air strikes against hezbollah in lebanon, saying it was pre—empting plans for a large—scale attack. hundreds of rockets have been fired into israel. the israeli military released this footage of what it says is strikes on hezbollah rocket launchers

in southern lebanon. 100 fighterjets took part in the operation. in other news... german police say a syrian man has confessed to carrying out a mass stabbing attack in the city of solingen. telegram founder pavel durov is expected in a french court today after being arrested on saturday when his private jet landed in paris. welcome to bbc news. i'm kasia madera. israel has launched air strikes across lebanon, and the militia group hezbollah has fired hundreds of rockets and drones at israel in a further escalation of the conflict in the middle east. israel has said it hit more than 200 sites in lebanon, in what it called a "pre—emptive strike". hezbollah, which is backed by iran, fired more than 300 missiles in retaliation for the assassination of one of its top commanders in lebanon last month.