and vladimir putin is differently and vladimir putin is raising the stakes with this warning, what could be a critical moment for the war in ukraine. also tonight — modernising the nhs in england — after a damning report, the prime minister says it must reform or die. donald trump says he will not take part in another debate against kamala harris. from here, earth sure looks like a perfect world. 60 years since the first moonwalk — now it's private enterprise stepping out into space. and missing for two years — where has this famous wartime photo of winston churchill been? on newsnight at 1030, fresh insight on the stories of the day, with big interviews and our regular panel. and a look at what the papers say about tomorrow's news.

good evening. president putin has said tonight that the us and european countries will be directly participating in moscow's conflict with ukraine — if they lift restrictions on kyiv using long—range missiles to strike russian territory. he said this would change the nature of the conflict, and mean the us and other nato countries were fighting with russia. sir keir starmer, who is currently heading to washington, is expected to discuss the use of such missiles tomorrow with president biden. the prime minister responded to president putin by saying it was russia who started the conflict with its illegal invasion, and that it could end it straight away. in a moment, we'll speak to our russia editor steve rosenberg, but first here's damian grammaticas. two and a half years after vladimir putin launched his invasion of ukraine and almost nightly russian bombs and missiles continue to batter the country. strikes launched

from deep inside russia. to counter these, ukraine has for months been urging the west to allow it to use the long range weapons they already supply to hit back against airfields, logistics and military targets that sustain these assaults and to blunt the advances russia is making on the ground. for ukraine, the timing with winter coming, is critical, so on the agenda for sir keir starmer heading to washington with the foreign secretary, whether to green light a on russian territory. the russian president warned against that. translation: if warned against that. translation: , . , ., , translation: if this decision is made it will _ translation: if this decision is made it will mean _ translation: if this decision is made it will mean nothing - translation: if this decision is made it will mean nothing other| translation: if this decision is - made it will mean nothing other than direct participation of nato countries, the united states, european countries, in the war in ukraine. it is their direct participation and this of course significantly changes the very essence of the conflict. this will mean that nato countries, the united states, european countries, are

fighting with russia. but momentum is buildin: fighting with russia. but momentum is building for— fighting with russia. but momentum is building for western _ fighting with russia. but momentum is building for western nations - fighting with russia. but momentum is building for western nations to - is building for western nations to agree to ukraine's request. earlier this week, david lammy and the us secretary of state travelled to kyiv. russia has already been using missiles supplied by north korea. now it is believed to be receiving them from iran too. this now it is believed to be receiving them from iran too.— now it is believed to be receiving them from iran too. this week we've been reminded _ them from iran too. this week we've been reminded of _ them from iran too. this week we've been reminded of how— them from iran too. this week we've been reminded of how other - been reminded of how other authoritarian regimes are aiding putin. _ authoritarian regimes are aiding putin, with iran going even further support— putin, with iran going even further sunporl for— putin, with iran going even further support for moscow by providing ballistic— support for moscow by providing ballistic missiles, a significant and dangerous escalation. these are the storm shadow— and dangerous escalation. these are the storm shadow missiles - and dangerous escalation. these are the storm shadow missiles the - and dangerous escalation. these are the storm shadow missiles the uk . the storm shadow missiles the uk already supplies ukraine. russia warned against doing that and ukraine has crossed other russian red lines too. drone strikes of its own deep inside russian territory

and its recent attack across the border into the kursk region. on his flight, sir keir starmer said border into the kursk region. on his flight, sir keir starmersaid it border into the kursk region. on his flight, sir keir starmer said it was russia that started this conflict and ukraine had the right to self—defence. he wants discussions a key ally when decisions of such import are made. damian grammaticas, bbc news, westminster. we'll speak to damian in westminster in a moment, but first to our russia editor steve rosenberg. these sound like president putin's most hawkish comments to date. i think so, yes, and what we heard from vladimir putin today, was a clear warning to the west, do not do this, do not allow ukraine to use your missiles to strike russian territory. what we didn't hear from vladimir putin was what russia is going to do if this actually happens. he talked about taking appropriate decisions but without any detail. now, what make those decisions be? well, in the past, president putin has proposed providing advanced long—range

weapons to western adversaries to strike western targets abroad. he's also suggested in the past conventional missiles within striking distance of america and its european allies. now, russian officials many times have accused the west of fighting russia, waging war against russia, on the territory of ukraine. putin made it clear today that if this goes ahead, if western missiles are used to target russian territory, this will take things to a whole new level, so in a sense western leaders will have to decide which is greater, the risk of escalation or the need to help ukraine and allow ukraine to strike russian territory with these missiles. �* missiles. and damien, the prime minister on _ missiles. and damien, the prime minister on his _ missiles. and damien, the prime minister on his way _ missiles. and damien, the prime minister on his way to _ missiles. and damien, the prime| minister on his way to washington right now, appears to be striking a defiant tone?— right now, appears to be striking a defiant tone? , ., , , . ., defiant tone? yes, he was very clear in the comments _ defiant tone? yes, he was very clear in the comments he _ defiant tone? yes, he was very clear in the comments he made _ defiant tone? yes, he was very clear in the comments he made on - defiant tone? yes, he was very clear in the comments he made on that i in the comments he made on that fi-ht in the comments he made on that fight on _ in the comments he made on that fight on the way there when he said, ukraine _ fight on the way there when he said, ukraine has— fight on the way there when he said,

ukraine has the right to defend itself, — ukraine has the right to defend itself, it— ukraine has the right to defend itself, it was russia that launched this war. — itself, it was russia that launched this war, this invasion was launched by president putin. the point ukraine — by president putin. the point ukraine makes is that it's fighting at the _ ukraine makes is that it's fighting at the minute with a hand tied behind — at the minute with a hand tied behind its back, because russia is able to— behind its back, because russia is able to strike from deep inside its own territory, those missile attacks into ukraine, and ukraine says it cannot— into ukraine, and ukraine says it cannot respond and so it wants to. now, _ cannot respond and so it wants to. now. what— cannot respond and so it wants to. now, what sir keir starmer said on that plane — now, what sir keir starmer said on that plane too was we do not seek any conflict with russia, that is not our— any conflict with russia, that is not our intention in the slightest. but he _ not our intention in the slightest. but he did — not our intention in the slightest. but he did also say that there are important — but he did also say that there are important decisions coming up, important — important decisions coming up, important moments for ukraine coming up, important moments for ukraine coming up, and _ important moments for ukraine coming up. and it— important moments for ukraine coming up, and it was, he thought, significant that he should spend time _ significant that he should spend time sitting down with key allies in washington, because he said you don't _ washington, because he said you don't get — washington, because he said you don't get that time at a normal summit, — don't get that time at a normal summit, he wants to have that face—to—face time he said to take strategic— face—to—face time he said to take strategic and tactical decisions and make _ strategic and tactical decisions and make sure — strategic and tactical decisions and make sure everyone is on the same page _ make sure everyone is on the same nae, ., ~' make sure everyone is on the same “ae- ., " , ., make sure everyone is on the same nae, ., ~' , . make sure everyone is on the same page. thank you very much, damian grammaticas — page. thank you very much, damian grammaticas and _ page. thank you very much, damian grammaticas and i _

page. thank you very much, damian grammaticas and i were _ page. thank you very much, damian grammaticas and i were russia - grammaticas and i were russia editor, steve rosenberg. the statistics — and people's own experiences — have for years now told a story of an nhs in england under severe strain. now the prime minister has concluded the health service is "broken but not beaten", after a review by lord darzi, a surgeon and former labour minister. it found long waits for care — and poor survival rates for cancer. sir keir starmer said investing in the nhs would always be a priority, but that before the money taps were turned on, the plumbing had to be fixed. the government said three big shifts were needed — preventing illness in the first place, moving more care from hospitals to care in the community, and continuing to improve technology to create a digital nhs. here's our health editor, hugh pym. voices from the nhs front line today. it's a really difficult time to be a gp. the attitude and some of the rhetoric that you hear is just really demoralising. when i talk to people, it's, "i can't wait for my retirement, i've got this amount of time left." it's a burnt—out workforce.

doctors and patients called the bbc has a bleak report on the nhs was published and outside one west midlands hospital there was no shortage of opinions. i midlands hospital there was no shortage of opinions.— midlands hospital there was no shortage of opinions. i think they are struggling. — shortage of opinions. i think they are struggling, it's _ shortage of opinions. i think they are struggling, it's under- shortage of opinions. i think they are struggling, it's under a - shortage of opinions. i think they are struggling, it's under a lot. shortage of opinions. i think they are struggling, it's under a lot of| are struggling, it's under a lot of pressure. i are struggling, it's under a lot of ressure. ~' are struggling, it's under a lot of ressure. ~ ,, ., , pressure. i think the nhs has rovided pressure. i think the nhs has provided us — pressure. i think the nhs has provided us with _ pressure. i think the nhs has provided us with an _ pressure. i think the nhs has. provided us with an experience pressure. i think the nhs has - provided us with an experience we've had with— provided us with an experience we've had with our— provided us with an experience we've had with our daughter, everything we could possibly wish for. we had with our daughter, everything we could possibly wish for.— could possibly wish for. we think of the referrals _ could possibly wish for. we think of the referrals to _ could possibly wish for. we think of the referrals to be _ could possibly wish for. we think of the referrals to be seen _ could possibly wish for. we think of the referrals to be seen by - could possibly wish for. we think of the referrals to be seen by a - the referrals to be seen by a professional, _ the referrals to be seen by a professional, the _ the referrals to be seen by a professional, the proper- the referrals to be seen by a - professional, the proper department, it takes— professional, the proper department, it takes way— professional, the proper department, it takes way too — professional, the proper department, it takes way too long _ professional, the proper department, it takes way too long to _ professional, the proper department, it takes way too long to wait. - it takes way too long to wait. louise — it takes way too long to wait. louise knows _ it takes way too long to wait. louise knows all _ it takes way too long to wait. louise knows all about - it takes way too long to wait. louise knows all about long i it takes way too long to wait. - louise knows all about long waits. we spoke to her in april, when she had waited a year for a knee replacement and had to take early retirement as a teacher. mr; replacement and had to take early retirement as a teacher. my mobility was so poor— retirement as a teacher. my mobility was so poor that _ retirement as a teacher. my mobility was so poor that i _ retirement as a teacher. my mobility was so poor that i didn't _ retirement as a teacher. my mobility was so poor that i didn't feel - was so poor that i didn't feel comfortable or safe in the classroom.— comfortable or safe in the classroom. ., , ., classroom. five months later, we meet her again. _ classroom. five months later, we meet her again. she _ classroom. five months later, we meet her again. she has - classroom. five months later, we meet her again. she has had - classroom. five months later, we meet her again. she has had the| meet her again. she has had the operation but went private. she felt she just couldn't wait any longer on the nhs. i she just couldn't wait any longer on the nhs. , , ., ., the nhs. i feel selfish for doing that and for—

the nhs. i feel selfish for doing that and for betraying _ the nhs. i feel selfish for doing that and for betraying -- - the nhs. i feel selfish for doing i that and for betraying -- betraying that and for betraying —— betraying something i believed in very firmly all my life but i felt i didn't have any choice and i feel so guilty about the people who can't do what i've done and aren't lucky enough to have a pension to raid. the i've done and aren't lucky enough to have a pension to raid.— have a pension to raid. the prime minister says— have a pension to raid. the prime minister says the _ have a pension to raid. the prime minister says the answer - have a pension to raid. the prime minister says the answer is i have a pension to raid. the prime minister says the answer is nhs l minister says the answer is nhs reform rather thanjust minister says the answer is nhs reform rather than just money but what does that mean in practice? you talk about shifting resources into community health care, improving technology and prevention of ill health, but these ideas have been talked about for some time. some progress has already been made. what is new and different about your reform ideas?— is new and different about your reform ideas? ., �* ., ., ., reform ideas? that we've got a raw and honest — reform ideas? that we've got a raw and honest assessment _ reform ideas? that we've got a raw and honest assessment of - reform ideas? that we've got a raw and honest assessment of where i reform ideas? that we've got a raw| and honest assessment of where we are really at, that we are clear eyed about this meaning we need a ten year plan, not a short—term set of decisions, and that we've got the mandate for change to carry this through. mandate for change to carry this throu . h. mandate for change to carry this throu~h. ., .,, , ., mandate for change to carry this throuh. ., , ., ., �*, through. the diagnosis of what's one through. the diagnosis of what's gone wrong _ through. the diagnosis of what's gone wrong came _ through. the diagnosis of what's gone wrong came from - through. the diagnosis of what's gone wrong came from this i through. the diagnosis of what's i gone wrong came from this leading surgeon, lord darzi. he carried out a rapid review for the government.

the nhs is in a critical condition but the — the nhs is in a critical condition but the vital signs are stable. we need. _ but the vital signs are stable. we need. as— but the vital signs are stable. we need. as i— but the vital signs are stable. we need, as i said, the resources, we need _ need, as i said, the resources, we need to— need, as i said, the resources, we need to motivate the staff, we need the infrastructure, to transform every— the infrastructure, to transform every pathway of care, and we can -et every pathway of care, and we can get it _ every pathway of care, and we can get it back — every pathway of care, and we can get it back. his every pathway of care, and we can get it back-— get it back. his report highlights ears of get it back. his report highlights years of low _ get it back. his report highlights years of low investment - get it back. his report highlights years of low investment in i years of low investment in infrastructure and nhs hospital buildings. like this one. that used to be award up there but it had to be closed because it was structurally unsound and it's proved too costly to get it rebuilt. this is st mary's hospital in london, with staff struggling to work in 19th—century buildings. {lilli with staff struggling to work in 19th-century buildings. our most uruent 19th-century buildings. our most urgent need _ 19th-century buildings. our most urgent need is — 19th-century buildings. our most urgent need is this _ 19th-century buildings. our most urgent need is this site, - 19th-century buildings. our most urgent need is this site, we i 19th-century buildings. our most urgent need is this site, we need j 19th-century buildings. our most i urgent need is this site, we need a complete rebuild of the hospital. there is new technology, like this robot in the hospital pharmacy, but staff say things would work much more efficiently in a modern workplace. hugh pym, bbc news. i'm

joined by our political correspondentjoe pike and how social affairs editor alison holt. this wasn't part of the remit? lard this wasn't part of the remit? lord dardai says — this wasn't part of the remit? lord dardai says a _ this wasn't part of the remit? lfr'c dardai says a functioning social care system is vital to the nhs particularly if services shift from hospitals into the community. the problems in social care are well known. staff shortages, underfunding for years and known. staff shortages, underfunding foryears and an known. staff shortages, underfunding for years and an ageing population creating more demand. it has a huge knock—on effect on the nhs. someone who is older or disabled is more likely to have a full or an infection that takes them into hospital if they haven't got good social care, also people get stuck in hospital because there is no want to support them in the community. many of the problems are around money. even so, some places are trying to rethink what they are doing. this week in leeds for instance, they started a pilot scheme in two neighbourhoods, health

and care staff are working more closely and importantly care workers are being paid for a whole shift, notjust for time with clients. this gives them security over the money they are getting and also builds in they are getting and also builds in the flexibility to the system which allows them to target help where it's needed. now, today, the prime minister acknowledged the importance of social care and he pointed to his plan, his ten year plan for a national care service, but as yet there is little detail and no timetable.— there is little detail and no timetable. ., timetable. on that point, joe, there was not a lot _ timetable. on that point, joe, there was not a lot of— timetable. on that point, joe, there was not a lot of detail _ timetable. on that point, joe, there was not a lot of detail overall- was not a lot of detail overall today, why not?— was not a lot of detail overall today, why not? was not a lot of detail overall toda , wh not? ., , �* , today, why not? there wasn't partly because we — today, why not? there wasn't partly because we are _ today, why not? there wasn't partly because we are just _ today, why not? there wasn't partly because we are just ten _ today, why not? there wasn't partly because we are just ten weeks i today, why not? there wasn't partly because we are just ten weeks into | today, why not? there wasn't partly| because we are just ten weeks into a new government and these are pretty complex— new government and these are pretty complex policy areas but partly because — complex policy areas but partly because today was really about scene setting. _ because today was really about scene setting, making it clear quite how bad a _ setting, making it clear quite how bad a state england's nhs is at least _ bad a state england's nhs is at least according to labour. why is keir starmer doing that? one is expectation management of course, a bit like _ expectation management of course, a bit like with _ expectation management of course, a bit like with public finances, things— bit like with public finances, things are bad, given time, it won't

be sorted _ things are bad, given time, it won't be sorted overnight. the second thing _ be sorted overnight. the second thing the — be sorted overnight. the second thing the pm is trying to do, i'm told. _ thing the pm is trying to do, i'm told. is — thing the pm is trying to do, i'm told, is make the case now that radical— told, is make the case now that radical reform is needed before the battles— radical reform is needed before the battles ahead over the detail of that policy, because the pm and his health _ that policy, because the pm and his health secretary wes streeting know that some of their reforms could be very controversial, a bigger role for the — very controversial, a bigger role for the private sector could be controversial, more public health reforms. — controversial, more public health reforms, and enlarging of the so-called _ reforms, and enlarging of the so—called nanny state could be controversial, locking horns with the unions — controversial, locking horns with the unions could be controversial and what — the unions could be controversial and what they are saying is a bleak diagnosis _ and what they are saying is a bleak diagnosis to allow them later to say the only— diagnosis to allow them later to say the only way to sort out is a potent political _ the only way to sort out is a potent political medicine. the danger for keir starmer is that he has made solving _ keir starmer is that he has made solving the problems in england's nhs central to his premiership. rishi _ nhs central to his premiership. rishi sunak arguably did something similar— rishi sunak arguably did something similar with stopping the small boats — similar with stopping the small boats as — similar with stopping the small boats. as we know from the previous prime _ boats. as we know from the previous prime minister's experience, big aspirations aren't always entirely achieved — aspirations aren't always entirely achieved. ioe aspirations aren't always entirely achieved. , ., . aspirations aren't always entirely achieved. ., ~ ., ~ aspirations aren't always entirely achieved. . �* . ~' achieved. joe and alison, thank you both very much- —

and there'll be more on the challenges faced by the prime minister on newsnight with victoria derbyshire. keir starmer says he is willing to pick up on the unions, and american singer on his wife's abortion and donald trump �*s claims that immigrants are eating people's pets. donald trump says he won't take part in another election debate with kamala harris. he's made the announcement two days after they met for the first time, after which he claimed the polls showed that he clearly won. let's speak to our north america editor, sarah smith. so why won't he debate again? well, he says it's only losers that call for a rematch and claims that is why the harris campaign immediately after the debate said let's do another one. but of because

he's in a position where he is insisting that he won that debate, even though he has been widely mocked for saying that migrants are eating people's pet cats and dogs, and the harris campaign saying they want another go. both candidates are back out on the campaign trail now, and kamala harris, at an event in north carolina, said she felt voters deserved another debate. two nights ago, donald trump and i had our first debate. cheering and i believe we owe it to the voters to have another debate! cheering now, the harris campaign say they raised $47 million in the 24 hours after that debate, a huge sum of money. the trump campaign haven't given us fundraising figures for the same period of time, but a lot of his supporters are going to be very relieved that he has that he will

not do another debate, they know we did not improve his chances of re—election with his performance on tuesday night. re-election with his performance on tuesdav night-— tuesday night. sarah smith in washington. _ tuesday night. sarah smith in washington, thank _ tuesday night. sarah smith in washington, thank you. i hundreds of miles above earth, a bit of history has been made with the first ever privately funded spacewalk. until recently, it's been governments which have backed space exploration, but the tech entrepreneur jared isaacman teamed up with elon musk�*s spacex to finance the ground—breaking venture. and this is the image of mr isaacman emerging from the spacecraft silhouetted against a spectacular view of earth. here's our science correspondent pallab ghosh. back at home, we all have a lot of work to do, but from here earth sure looks like a perfect world. historic words for an historic moment. out comes the first private—sector astronaut to walk in space. silhouetted in earth's orbit, billionaire jared isaacman paid millions of dollars for this experience. he remains partly in the capsule,

so more baby steps than a walk in space, but a chance to move around in the newly developed spacesuit to test its mobility. we don't need very long out there, and frankly, other than the test matrix, we're not building structures on the international space station or repairing anything, so as soon as we get the data that we have, we'll cycle another crew member in and out. that other crewmember is mission specialist sarah gillis. it's her first time in space, and she's already making history, standing outside the dragon capsule. most crewed spacecraft have an airlock, which is a sealed door between the vacuum of space and the rest of the spacecraft. normally, it's depressurised when astronauts go in and out. but dragon doesn't have an airlock, so the entire craft has to be depressurised. the non—spacewalking astronauts have to be fully suited up and strapped into their chairs, and extra nitrogen and oxygen have to be added

to repressurise the capsule when the spacewalk is over. the astronauts blasted off on tuesday, going further into space since the apollo moon missions of the 1960s and �*70s. their spacecraft reached a maximum altitude of 870 miles above the earth. that's nearly three—and—a—half times the distance to the international space station, which is 250 miles. up until now, every single spacewalk that's happened has been professional astronauts through a government agency, either the soviets or the americans, the russians these days, and so to have the first one that's done commercially is a big step forward for the commercial space sector, and it's going to push the boundaries of what they can do, and it will extend their capabilities, and we're likely to see many more of these in the future. the historic spacewalk now over, and so many firsts already achieved, the crew's attention returns

to carrying out experiments before beginning theirjourney home in two days' time. pallab ghosh, bbc news. the inquiry into how the countess of chester hospital handled lucy letby�*s crimes has been told about a review of letby�*s time at a different hospital where she did placements in 2012 and 2015. the inquiry heard that liverpool women's hospital found that babies' breathing tubes became dislodged at a markedly higher rate when lucy letby was working there. judith moritz reports. the crimes lucy letby�*s been convicted of all stem from one year of her time as a neonatal nurse in chester. hello - lucy, is it? yes. my name's...from chester police. is it ok to step in for two seconds? er. ves~ _ but after her trial, the police confirmed that they were investigating her full career, including training placements elsewhere. letby spent three months at liverpool women's hospital in 2012 and another few months

there in 2015. she's been convicted of attempting to murder a baby at chester by dislodging her endotracheal, or breathing, tube. today, the public inquiry heard that it's very rare for such tubes to move during a nursing shift, but the hospital in liverpool has made a startling discovery. you will hear evidence that it generally occurs in less than 1% of shifts. as a side note, you will hear that in audit carried out by liverpool women's hospital recorded that whilst lucy letby was working there, dislodgment of endotracheal tubes occurred in 40% of shifts that she worked. one may wonder why. the inquiry heard opening statements on behalf of the babies' parents. those families are anonymised because of court orders, but today their lawyer said some of them are concerned that that's cultivated an environment where people feel able to voice vile opinions about the case on social media whilst humanising letby. they also pointed their anger at the hospital's former executives, having seen the written statements

they've provided to the inquiry. their continuing denials and deflections are painful to bear. it is hoped and expected that by the time they attend to give evidence before you in a few weeks' time, they will demonstrate far greater understanding of what went wrong at their hospital. the families pointed the finger at former chief executive tony chambers, who they say should have overseen investigations into why babies were dying, along with medical director ian harvey. they said consultants who'd tried to raise concerns at the hospital were met with the obdurately closed minds of their managers. tomorrow, the inquiry will hear opening remarks on behalf of some of those bosses who were running the countess of chester hospital during lucy letby�*s time there. judith moritz, bbc news, liverpool. scotland's only oil refinery will close next year, with 400 jobs set to be cut. petroineos, the owners of the grangemouth plant on the firth of forth,

confirmed the company would transform the site into a terminal for importing rather than refining. the unite union called the closure "an act of industrial vandalism". our scotland editor, james cook, reports. grangemouth has been refining the fuels for a century, but it's now losing thousands of pounds a day, struggling with declining demand for petrol and diesel as the world begins to shift to renewable energy. and so the site is going to import petrol, diesel and aviation fuel instead of making them, and that will mean at least 400 job losses. well, there's a realfear and real anger amongst the workforce and amongst the community here. this is the first test of a just transition in this country, and it's failed miserably, it's been failed by the company, and the people have been failed by the politicians. this could be economic and industrial vandalism on the biggest scale we've seen, and this town could be decimated if we do not do something about it. ministers here in edinburgh and in london say they're investing £100 million in the local economy

and exploring longer—term options for the site. there will be investment in the site's long—term future. the scottish government and the united kingdom government have bothjointly funded the project willow study which has identified a short list of credible options to begin the building of a new long—term industry at the refinery site, including low—carbon hydrogen, clean e—fuels and sustainable aviation fuel. but even if project willow works out, those jobs are years away — cold comfort for staff being laid off in the coming months. well, i don't accept for a second that we're losing any of those skilled workers. yes, this is really disappointing for them, also because they've had the not knowing, the uncertainty for such a long time with this refinery, it's been ten years of roller—coaster. i think what we're doing is making sure that those skills transfer into some of the green energyjobs of the future. in public, bosses and workers here are divided about the necessity of closing this refinery, but in private, they are united

in accusing politicians of failing to deliver a just transition. james cook, bbc news, grangemouth. researchers have solved the mystery of what caused a seismic signal that shook the earth for nine days in september last year. a global team of researchers have pinned down the event to this remote fjord in greenland, where a massive landslide caused a tsunami, a huge powerful wave, with the impact felt for days afterwards. our science correspondent victoria gill has more. a land continuously carved and moulded by vast glaciers. but in one fjord in the east of greenland, a seismic event has transformed the landscape here forever. we're seeing here a simulation of how this seismic signal travelled around the world. when we run this, we'll start to see this wave. this animation shows the signal that baffled scientists

for nine days in september of last year. the dots are seismic monitors around the world picking up vibrations from something happening in greenland. at the same time that scientists were puzzling over that, a team working in greenland received a report of a large tsunami in the east of the country. these photographs show what caused it — a huge landslide into this fjord. look at the mountaintop in this image taken before the event. and look at it afterwards — the top of the mountain is gone, collapsed into the fjord, taking part of the glacier with it. the scientists analysed the depth and shape of this narrow 200km long fjord, and that revealed why the tsunami the landslide caused reverberated around the world for so long. the wave was essentially trapped. the energy of that wave just can't escape, so that wave has to just keep bouncing back and forth, sloshing back and forth in the fjord, itjust can't go anywhere. never before has such a long duration sort

of large—scale movement of water, over nine days, in this case, been observed. remote as it is, this is a location that cruise ships do visit. fortunately, no vessels were in the area when the landslide happened, but scientists say the risk of these events is increasing with climate change. this glacier was holding up the mountain. over decades, it melted and thinned, and eventually millions of cubic metres of rock simply collapsed. it's a destructive side effect of climate change that was felt around the world. victoria gill, bbc news. for helping a distressed woman who was on the ledge police in tennessee have praised jon bon jovi for helping a distressed woman who was on the ledge of a bridge in nashville. cctv footage shows the rock star approaching the stranger, before talking to her and lifting her over the barrier to safety. nada tawfik has the story. cctv footage captured every harrowing instant of the now viral rescue on tuesday evening. on this pedestrian bridge in nashville, people appear to be going about their day,

and several walk past a woman, seen here standing on the ledge, clearly in a moment of crisis. also unfolding just a few feet away — a music video shoot with the rock starjon bonjovi. when he and his team notice the distraught woman, they begin to approach slowly and with care. the bon jovi frontman initially waves to her and leans on the railing, before hejoins his assistant to talk her down. whatever they say works — the woman turns around, takes the singer's hand and climbs over the barrier with his assistance. once back on the walkway and safe, jon bonjovi gives her a hug. and almost two minutes later, he helps her walk back across the bridge. the footage was released by the nashville police department, which praised the rock star. their statement reads, "it takes all

of us to help keep each other safe." jon bonjovi's representative says he won't be commenting on the incident. his fans, though, have, thanking him on social media for stopping to speak to the woman and for his kindness. it's not every day that a star is someone's saviour. nada tawfik, bbc news, new york. if you need support on the issues raised in that report, there is a list of organisations that can help at bbc.co.uk/actionline. a famous black—and—white photograph of winston churchill from 1941 has been found, two years after it went missing from a hotel in canada. police tracked the portrait to a private buyer in italy who was unaware it had been stolen. graham satchell picks up the story. 1941, and winston churchill is giving a speech to the canadian parliament. he tells them a story — that french generals had said

britain would have its neck wrung like a chicken in just three weeks. this was his famous response. some chicken! some neck. just moments later, the wartime leader had his photograph taken. it has become the definitive image of churchill, epitomising britain's bulldog spirit. it was taken by photographer yousuf karsh. years later, he explained the reason for the famous scowl — karsh had just pulled churchill's cigar out of his mouth. i said, "forgive me, sir." by the time i walked back to my camera the four feet, he looked so belligerent, he could have devoured me. and then he delivered himself with one of the most eloquent remarks, he said, "you can even make a roaring lion stand still to be photographed. " and the image has been known as the roaring lion ever since. it has been on

the £5 note since 2016. karsh gave a signed copy of the print to the chateau laurier hotel in ottawa, where he'd lived for almost 20 years. it hung in the reading room. then, in 2022, staff noticed it had been stolen and replaced with a fake. the police were helped by hundreds of people who sent in their own photos — some with the real image, some with the fake. it allowed them to narrow the date of the theft to just a few days. we now know the photograph was stolen in canada just after christmas in 2021. earlier this year, it was sold in london at an unnamed auction house and was eventually recovered from a private buyer in northern italy. but still, there are unanswered questions. why the auction house didn't do a quick google search on the internet is beyond me. they would have found instantly that this was a stolen piece.