this is bbc news. the headlines. israel continues bombing lebanon. massive explosions rock the capital beirut through the night and into the day. smoke from strikes keeps lingering over beirut. israel has issued fresh evacuation orders for residents in southern lebanon. here in the uk — a new research on a revolutionary treatment aims to discover why immunotherapy fails to work for most cancer patients.

and its the stuff of boxing legend. the glove that saved muhammad ali from defeat in a legendary match is about to go up for auction this month. now, as the crisis in the middle east deepens, we re taking a look back at the events of the past few weeks and asking how we got to this point — and what the violence means for the future of the region. bbc arabic s beirut correspondent carine torbey has this special report. explosions. ballistic missiles rain down on israel. an unprecedented response by iran after weeks of israeli escalation.

pushing the region to a dangerous new precipice. explosions. this is the story of how the past few weeks brought the middle east to a dangerous new moment. translation: the status quo cannot continue. - this requires a change in the balance of power on our northern border. hezbollah launched the first attack against israeli positions last year on october the 8th in support of gaza. israel retaliated. a year on from those exchanges of fire, the conflict has reached a new level. the 17th of september saw a new escalation begin. pagers and walkie talkies used by hezbollah operatives exploded.

simultaneous attacks in supermarkets, on the streets, in cars and in homes across lebanon. translation: the enemy has crossed all red lines. - israel says it's intent on eliminating the threat of hezbollah. over 1,000 have been killed and many more injured, and almost a million displaced since israel launched a huge wave of devastating airstrikes on lebanon. explosion. translation: my siblings and their children - were all killed here. and then... explosions. news: in the last hour, i israel has claimed to have killed the leader of hezbollah, hassan nasrallah, in an overnight strike. how did rapid escalation change

the face of lebanon and set the region on a dangerous new course? over the last year, israel and hezbollah have been engaged in a relatively low—level conflict following the hamas attack on israel. they exchanged fire across the border, but the speed and scale of what is happening now has been shocking and unprecedented. it was an attack, like something from a tale of espionage. it's the middle of september and people are going about their everyday lives when. .. explosion. ..pagers belonging to hezbollah members explode across lebanon in a coordinated and deadly attack. hezbollah is proscribed as a terrorist organisation by many western governments. however, within lebanon, hezbollah has a significant role in the country's parliament and government.

the organisation had abandoned mobile phones for fear of being tracked. this attack showed those precautions had not been successful. the pagers were turned into weapons. hezbollah members were hit by blasts in supermarkets, on the streets, in their cars and at home next to their children. people are killed and thousands injured, women and children among them. most injuries affected the face, eyes, fingers and stomach. encapsulated inside the eye. i met dr elias warrak, an eye surgeon at the mount lebanon hospital. it has been a nightmare. probably this is the worst day of my life as a physician. unfortunately, we were not able to save a lot of eyes. i can tell you that probably more than 60 to 70% of the patients ended up with eviscerating or removing at least one of their eyes.

i was outside the hospital. relatives waited for news of their loved ones, the shock and fear palpable. there are also very pressing questions today on everyone's mind. first of all, what did actually happen? how did it happen? and second of all is basically how is this going to affect the ongoing confrontation between hezbollah and israel? but what happened at this point is a major escalation of unprecedented level. and it didn't stop there. the next day, as hezbollah buried their dead... ..fresh attacks. we were there. in the panic and confusion, people asked us to put our cameras down. this is a scene next

to the funeral... where the funeral was being held. and, as you can see, people are gathering. we asked what's happening. they told us another pager blew up on a young man. this time, it wasn't pagers, it was the walkie talkies of hezbollah operatives. although israel has not claimed responsibility for either attack, there is widespread belief in lebanon that it is israel that carried out both of them. now, as hezbollah and the country are still reeling from the shock, the main question is — what's next? whether this was a coordinated plan by israel or not, these attacks were the trigger of what came next. if you'rejustjoining us, we are expecting to hear from the hezbollah leader,

hassan nasrallah. two days after the pager attack, hassan nasrallah, longtime leader of hezbollah and closely aligned with israel's arch foe iran, announced that the attack would not go unpunished. translation: the enemy has crossed all red lines. - israeli air strikes stretched further into lebanon in an attempt to further diminish hezbollah. there seems to be no possibility of diplomacy getting through and de—escalating the situation. translation: the centre of gravity is moving - towards the north. this means we are diverting forces, resources and energy towards the north. so, how did it reach this point?

hezbollah has been launching rockets and missiles at israeli military positions since october the 8th last year, and israel has been retaliating. siren wails. hezbollah called it the gaza support front in solidarity with palestinians there. after israel launched a war in gaza following the october 7th attacks last year by hamas on israel, hezbollah�*s goal was to divert israeli military resources away from gaza towards the northern front with lebanon. translation: we say _ to the enemy's government, army and society that the lebanon front will not stop until the aggression on gaza ends. this exchange of fire has had a huge impact on civilians, with about 150,000 displaced on both sides. israelis from villages like these want to return

to their homes without the threat of attack. for netanyahu, this was a key motivation for stepping up strikes. going back to something that we used to live that way is no longer an option. it's no longer an option that we be under the threat of some guy in beirut that would like to pull the trigger anytime he likes. what's happened here in this area over the last year has ended one of the longest periods of relative calm between israel and lebanon. the two countries have a long history of hostilities and wars. israel occupied southern lebanon for decades, and hezbollah and israel fought a month—long war in 2006. but this escalation felt different. there were real concerns — with tensions in the middle east so high — this conflict, unlike those

before, could spill over and result in a bigger, more dangerous regional war. israel's increased attacks on the iranian—backed hezbollah meant the two long—running enemies, israeland iran, were watching each other�*s moves closely. for lebanon and its people caught in the crossfire, what is happening in their country runs deep in their collective memory. a week after the pager attack, a further escalation rocked lebanon. as morning broke, it brought with it one of the deadliest days in nearly 20 years in lebanon. explosion. lebanese officials say 490 people died on the first day of the intensified israeli airstrikes. tens of thousands fled their homes. once again, destruction,

devastation and displacement. translation: i'm scared. scared for my wife and five children. the situation is really difficult and scary. i don't know what's happening to us. the warnings from the israeli army became more widespread. now, starting this morning, the idf has warned you to get out of harm's way. i urge you, take this warning seriously. please, get out of harm's way — now! in a matter of days, hundreds of thousands had fled their homes in southern and even eastern lebanon. this is one of the main schools in beirut, turned into a shelter for the displaced from southern lebanon. an official here told me that they are opening, on average, one extra school every couple of hours to deal with the very large number of displaced.

it's notjust schools that were overwhelmed. hospitals, too, have been struggling to deal with the wounded. women and children among the casualties. translation: we heard a very loud noise. - two strikes and we all flew. each flew in a different direction. both of my cousins were killed and my father was killed. this video, published by the idf, boasts of killing hezbollah leaders one after the other. amidst all the ongoing airstrikes, israel was systematically targeting and killing senior hezbollah leaders. culminating in... explosions. we're in the office. we heard multiple explosions, one after the other.

they were so loud. many of them. we don't know what was happening or where. it's in the middle of beirut and this is what we can see from distance. this huge attack had a colossal impact. the target was hassan nasrallah, the leader of hezbollah and one of the most prominent figures in lebanon. backed by iran. the killing of nasrallah was an earthquake for the party, the country and region. for this woman, the news was shocking. israel's prime minister benjamin netanyahu ordered nasrallah's killing while at the un. the idf released this picture of what they

say is that moment. his killing was a huge win for israel. while at the un, the israeli leader made a vow to hezbollah�*s backers. i have a message for the tyrants of tehran. if you strike us, we will strike you. there is no place in iran that the long arm of israel cannot reach. and that's true of the entire middle east. there was no mention of diplomacy. iran's supreme leader, ayatollah ali khamenei, promised that the killing of hassan nasrallah would not go unavenged. but before any iranian retaliation, netanyahu attacked iranian—backed groups in yemen and syria. and it didn't stop there. israel's military says its troops have crossed the border into southern lebanon. israel launched the ground

invasion into southern lebanon, the first in 18 years in what it called limited, localised and targeted raids against hezbollah to return displaced israelis to their homes in the north. despite israel's massive blows to hezbollah, this remains a very challenging operation. israel doesn't only have hezbollah to contend with. sirens wail. tonight at six, as we come on air, missiles from iran have been fired towards israel. on the 1st of october, the region held its breath. tonight's escalation comes in response to israel's overnight invasion of southern lebanon _ almost 200 ballistic missiles were launched by iran. wow, wow. the israeli defence force said most were intercepted by israel's extensive defensive capabilities. but the idf said some struck

central and southern israel, with one fatality. there was a lot of booms. one of them, it was terrible. when we came out, i saw all the destruction. what's happening? we're happy we're still alive. the attack was widely condemned by the west, who called for restraint and de—escalation. but both israel and iran show no sign of backing down. the middle east is still reeling from the hamas attacks on the 7th of october last year. the horror of the last 12 months has been compounded in recent days... hezbollah! ..by heightened tensions and escalations which have spread across the region with devastating consequences. the region has neverfelt more dangerous or uncertain.

peace and resolution seem to have been abandoned. all sides are promising more attacks, further escalation. here in lebanon, the horrors of this conflict are reminiscent of the countless bloody and violent chapters in the country's history. people here have always felt they are living on the brink. today, more than ever, uncertainty looms large as they wait for what's next, something no—one seems able to predict. much more on our live pages as we monitor what is happening on the ground in lebanon, israel and gaza as well. special events have been taking place

across the world in cities across the world in cities across the world including here in london to mark the anniversary of the seventh october attacks, that took place by hamas a year ago. we can cross now to hyde park in london — where an october 7 memorial event is taking place. this is particularly poignant, the event in hyde park, because we are waiting for mandy to speak, the mother of the british hostage, emily and now we are having a song, being sung to the audience in hyde park and we are waiting for the mother of the british hostage to speak. emily is 28 years old and the last remaining british citizens being held hostage by hamas in gaza. when we expect

mandy to come and see —— speak, we will come back to the live eventin we will come back to the live event in central london, in hyde park. here in the uk, a new multi—million pound research programme aims to discover why immunotherapy fails to work for the majority of cancer patients. it's seen as a revolutionary treatment — using the body's own immune system to fight disease — but more than half of patients see no benefit. our health correspondent dominic hughes has more. immunothera py saved alex's life. he was diagnosed with melanoma, a dangerous form of skin cancer, which then spread. alex underwent a course of immunotherapy, helping his body's own defences to stop the disease in its tracks, but it was not without complications. i'm completely clear that immunotherapy has saved my life. without it, i would have died in 2019. it can come with side effects in certain patients, and those side effects can be a little bit difficult to manage. i wouldn't describe it as fun.

i got through it, and i think one of the exciting things about the research that's going on in the field of immunotherapy is people really trying to work out how to make the treatments as effective as possible, but also as kind as possible for patients, because it's not just about treatment of the cancer, it's also about trying to maintain quality of life. immunotherapy is a cancer treatment full of potential, but so far its benefits have been limited. even in melanoma, where immunotherapy is most successful, only around half of all patients respond to the treatment. this new study will initially involve around 6,000 patients, half of whom have already completed treatment and half who are just starting immunotherapy for breast, bladder, kidney or skin cancers. the study will try to identify why so many patients relapse or suffer really challenging side effects. so what we want to achieve here, very simply, is to do better by cancer patients who can potentially benefit from immunothera py.

the purpose of this program is to take many measurements, both from tumour tissue and from blood, and over time, to better predict from the outset who should have this treatment, who should have an alternative treatment, who is at the risk of side effects? one of the key areas of research will be trying to identify vital biomarkers, signs that tell doctors whether someone is likely to benefit from a given drug. they could help in both selecting those patients for whom the therapy is most likely to work, but also possibly open up new treatments like vaccines and cell therapies. researchers say the project could speed up the delivery of truly personalised medicine. dominic hughes, bbc news.

something that the campaign group is hoping to change. our reporter simon ward has more. three years after the death of their daughter, anthony and elaine look back on tributes from friends and family. megan newberry was 23 when she was killed by ross mccollum at his home in coalville. mccullum was found guilty of murder and given a minimum sentence of 23 years in prison. megan's parents are part of a group called the killed women network who say murderers who carry out domestic abuse should receive sentences equal to those who kill on the street. at the moment there can be a ten year difference in the length of sentences. mil difference in the length of sentences.— difference in the length of sentences. �* ., ., , sentences. all of the families have been — sentences. all of the families have been on _ sentences. all of the families have been on the _ sentences. all of the families have been on the receiving i sentences. all of the families i have been on the receiving end of the injustice and we feel it is a complete slap in the face for victims and their families. that sentencing for murdoch

within the home starts at a ten year less than if somebody steps foot outside the home. the campaigners took their black and blue cap campaign to westminster. the plaques are a symbol to remember those who have been killed. the symbol to remember those who have been killed.— have been killed. the black and blues background _ have been killed. the black and blues background showing - blues background showing bruising and brutality, and odyssey showing the injustice if the murder happened outside the home. some legal experts say this is an important campaign but it might not be straightforward to equalise sentences.— straightforward to equalise sentences. , ., , sentences. the problem if we increase the _ sentences. the problem if we increase the minimum - sentences. the problem if we increase the minimum tariff, | increase the minimum tariff, which — increase the minimum tariff, which is _ increase the minimum tariff, which is given in domestic killings— which is given in domestic killings that we then potentially bring with that the unintended consequence that women — unintended consequence that women who kill abusers would also _ women who kill abusers would also he — women who kill abusers would also be subject to that elevated sentence. in a statement _ elevated sentence. in a statement the - elevated sentence. in a . statement the government elevated sentence. ii�*u —. statement the government told us, the victims minister was

humbled to meet the families and the government recognises there is more to be done on this important issue. we take it da b this important issue. we take it day by day. _ this important issue. we take it day by day, keep _ this important issue. we take it day by day, keep going - this important issue. we take it day by day, keep going and| it day by day, keep going and try to make a difference in megan's name. we can take you back to the memorial event in hyde park in central london to mark the anniversary of the 7th of october attacks, because we are expecting the mother of the british hostage emily de mari was 28—year—old when she was taken by hamas into gaza and is the last remaining the last remaining hostage from britain being held by hamas. and we now have an introduction to emily's mother who will speak. she lived there with her four children and her four

grandchildren children and herfour grandchildren and worked as a nursery school teacher on the kibbutz teaching english in her spare time. on the 7th of october, her life was turned upside down. emily, at the time 27, was kidnapped by hamas early on the morning of october the 7th. i am honoured to ask mandy to address you all. thank you for coming. sorry it's raining. i hope you've got umbrellas. before i begin i want — umbrellas. before i begin i want to— umbrellas. before i begin i want to extend my heartfelt thanks — want to extend my heartfelt thanks to everyone involved in organising this event. and to each — organising this event. and to each of— organising this event. and to each of you who has taken time

to he _ each of you who has taken time to be here _ each of you who has taken time to be here today will stop your presence — to be here today will stop your presence is a testament to the sunport— presence is a testament to the support and solidarity and compassion that sustains us during — compassion that sustains us during this challenging time and i'm _ during this challenging time and i'm deeply grateful. i am mandy— and i'm deeply grateful. i am mandy damari and i come from south _ mandy damari and i come from south london and went to school here _ south london and went to school here and — south london and went to school here and was raised with the great — here and was raised with the great british ideals of pubs, parties _ great british ideals of pubs, parties and freedom. and that freedom — parties and freedom. and that freedom led me to israel in my 20s where _ freedom led me to israel in my 20s where i met my israeli husband. _ 20s where i met my israeli husband, fell in love and moved to the _ husband, fell in love and moved to the kibbutz. where we in turn — to the kibbutz. where we in turn raised four children, four grandchildren with slightly different values, but freedom was the — different values, but freedom was the most important of all. freedom — was the most important of all. freedom to think, to speak and to live — freedom to think, to speak and to live fully. but today i am here — to live fully. but today i am here because my daughter emily, a british— here because my daughter emily, a british israeli woman, is no longer— a british israeli woman, is no longer free to do any of these things — longer free to do any of these things. emily is 20 years old, full things. emily is 20 years old, futi of— things. emily is 20 years old, full of life, with dual nationality, british and

israeii _ nationality, british and israeli and the daughter of iroth— israeli and the daughter of both countries, but nobody here mentions — both countries, but nobody here mentions the fact that there is still a — mentions the fact that there is still a female british hostage being — still a female british hostage being held captive by hamas for a year— being held captive by hamas for a year now, and i sometimes wonder— a year now, and i sometimes wonder if— a year now, and i sometimes wonder if people even though there — wonder if people even though there is— wonder if people even though there is a _ wonder if people even though there is a british woman here. there, — there is a british woman here. there, sorry. imagine, fora moment, _ there, sorry. imagine, fora moment, it— there, sorry. imagine, fora moment, if emily was your daughter and try to picture what — daughter and try to picture what she is going through. since — what she is going through. since the 7th of october last year— since the 7th of october last year she _ since the 7th of october last year she has been held hostage by hamas terrorists in the gaza terror _ by hamas terrorists in the gaza terror channels, 20 metres or more — terror channels, 20 metres or more underground, kept in captivity. _ more underground, kept in captivity, tortured, isolated and — captivity, tortured, isolated and unable to eat, speak or even — and unable to eat, speak or even move without someone eise's— even move without someone else's permission. stripped of every— else's permission. stripped of every human right. it is almost impossible to comprehend her pain, — impossible to comprehend her pain, yet— impossible to comprehend her pain, yet the reality is she is living — pain, yet the reality is she is living that _ pain, yet the reality is she is living that every single day. emily's _ living that every single day. emily's love for life was contagious. she adored coming

to visit— contagious. she adored coming to visit her family here and seeing _ to visit her family here and seeing her grandad. she had the classic— seeing her grandad. she had the classic british sense of humour with— classic british sense of humour with a — classic british sense of humour with a dash of israeli chutzpah thrown — with a dash of israeli chutzpah thrown in _ with a dash of israeli chutzpah thrown in and she loved music and we — thrown in and she loved music and we even went to see ed sheeran— and we even went to see ed sheeran together the year before _ sheeran together the year before she was taken hostage. when — before she was taken hostage. when she was young, her favourite place was london zoo, not far— favourite place was london zoo, not far from here and as she .ot not far from here and as she got older— not far from here and as she got older she turned into a big foodie. — got older she turned into a big foodie, always dragging us to her favourite restaurants. we would — her favourite restaurants. we would go _ her favourite restaurants. we would go shopping in primark and visit _ would go shopping in primark and visit markets for a good bargain _ and visit markets for a good bargain out she went to see spurs, _ bargain out she went to see spurs, cheering them on in their— spurs, cheering them on in their new— spurs, cheering them on in their new stadium with her brother— their new stadium with her brother and she loved going to the not — brother and she loved going to the pot. for her, that was england _ the pot. for her, that was england and she loved her second _ england and she loved her second home across the sea and always _ second home across the sea and always look forward to coming here — always look forward to coming here. now, all of thatjoy always look forward to coming here. now, all of that joy and that— here. now, all of that joy and that life — here. now, all of that joy and that life is _ here. now, all of that joy and that life is lost away. here. now, all of that 'oy and that life is lost away._ that life is lost away. that was mandy _ that life is lost away. that was mandy damari, - that life is lost away. that was mandy damari, the i that life is lost away. that - was mandy damari, the mother that life is lost away. trust was mandy damari, the mother of emily damari, the british hostage taken on the 7th of october speaking at an event in central london in hyde park.

live from london. this is bbc news. israel continues bombing lebanon — massive explosions rock the capital beirut through the night and into the day. smoke from strikes keeps lingering over beirut — israel has issued fresh evacuation orders for residents in southern lebanon. hezbollah fires more rockets at israel — with some landing in the country's north. and as i was saying... picking up where he left off — donald trump returns to the very stage in butler, pennsylvania, where he survived an assassination attempt. as mpox kills nearly 1,000 people this year, the drc launches its first vaccination campaign to fight the virus. and here in the uk, the prime minister's top adviser sue gray resigns from her position as downing street chief of staff.