welcome to hardtalk, i'm stephen sackur. and today, i'm in oslo for the award of this year's nobel peace prize to the japanese organisation nihon hidankyo — which is the collective voice of the survivors of the two atomic bombs dropped on hiroshima and nagasaki in 1945. for decades, they've been using their terrible experience to campaign for the elimination of all nuclear weapons. my guest today is the 92—year—old survivor of the nagasaki bombing, terumi tanaka. will humanity ever rid itself of this spectre of nuclear armageddon?

terumi tanaka, welcome to hardtalk, and many congratulations on winning the nobel peace prize. it is a great pleasure for me to talk to you. and i want to begin by asking you how you feel about being here in oslo. this extraordinaryjourney your life has taken — from a 13—year—old boy in nagasaki in 1945, to here, receiving the nobel peace prize. what are your emotions today? he speaks in japanese

well, as you say, your organisation, nihon hidankyo, has been campaigning for the elimination of nuclear weapons for many decades. and you want the world to truly understand what happened to you, as a means of ensuring it never happens again. so, i think it's very important that we hear your memories of august 1916. so, take us back to when you were a boy of 13, and you lived

through the atomic bomb being dropped on your city. what do you remember of the moment when the bomb was dropped?

your home was not in the centre of nagasaki, but you had many relatives, many family who lived closer to the centre. and in the days after this terrible blast which had destroyed so much of your city, you and your immediate family went to look

for your relatives — and when you went out into the city, what did you see?

the american administration of president truman, in the weeks and months after the dropping of the two atomic bombs on hiroshima and nagasaki, said that it was the decision to drop those weapons which broughtjapan to the point of surrender and ended the war. and had they not done so, they argued, the war would've gone on for many more months, possibly years injapan itself, and it would have cost millions of lives — japanese lives and american lives — and therefore, the americans said they had no choice. what do you say to that argument?

after the war, there were many, many thousands of japanese survivors of hiroshima and nagasaki — you were one of them. how do you believe

they were treated by the post—war government? and do you believe that, to this very day, the survivors of the atomic bombs have not been given the care and the compensation that they should have had?

but even after the end of the american occupation, in the decades afterwards, when the japanese government was rebuilding the country with very great success,

in terms of the economic revolution injapan, it still seems you and your organisation, nihon hidankyo, had a real problem trying to convince the japanese government to take full responsibility for what happened.

and, as well as fighting a long battle for the proper care and compensation

of the survivors, the other key aim of your organisation over all of these years has been to persuade the world to eliminate nuclear weapons. i think you have a phrase where you say, "our conviction is that humans and nuclear weapons cannot coexist". but surely, the evidence of the last almost 80 years is that we humans and nuclear weapons have co—existed.

it seems today, in 2024, there are countries which see having nuclear weapons as their ultimate protective shield. and they might look, for example, at a country like ukraine, which, thanks to its soviet union inheritance, had nuclear weapons, and gave them up in the early 1990s on the promise that all the great powers would recognise their territorial integrity — one of those powers being russia. and look where ukraine is today — and perhaps the lesson of that is that, for all of your fundamental dislike of nuclear weapons,

they do offer countries a form of protection.

mr tanaka, i just want to end with a thought which i hope you won't find too depressing, but it is just a reality. the bulletin of atomic scientists maintains what they call the doomsday clock, to indicate how close they think we humans may be to deploying weapons of mass destruction, and wiping out unimaginable numbers of our fellow human beings. in 2023, because primarily of events in the ukraine war, and what russia was doing

and saying, they put the doomsday clock at 90 seconds to midnight — the closest it's ever been to that midnight doomsday scenario. you've lived a very long life, the clock is now as close to midnight as it's ever been — do you see that as a failure of humanity to listen to your message?

terumi tanaka, it has been a great pleasure to talk to you. congratulations on winning the nobel peace prize,

and thank you very much forjoining me on hardtalk. thank you. hello there. for many of us, tuesday was dominated by lots of grey skies, lots of cloud across the uk. for the central belt of scotland, it was fog which persisted in glasgow all day, and as a result, the temperature for most of the day didn't get above —1 celsius. so, freezing fog, and we start off wednesday with some of that fog once again. temperatures overnight as low as —8 celsius,

so a cold start to wednesday. for england, wales, more cloud here as temperatures are about 3—6 celsius. but throughout wednesday, we keep this area of high pressure. this is what we've seen throughout the day on monday and tuesday, really, so not a great deal of change to what you experience, outside the freezing fog likely to continue across some parts of central and southern scotland. sunshine elsewhere across scotland, except the northern isles, where there's a bit of rain here. maybe a few brighter skies in northern ireland, the far north of england. elsewhere, though, it remains pretty cloudy on wednesday afternoon. for many of us, temperatures about 6—8 celsius. colder than that across scotland, especially where you keep that fog. so in glasgow, for example, again, the temperature may not get above freezing. now, through wednesday night, the temperatures fall away again pretty quickly across scotland with those clear skies, fog just turning getting more dense, again, in some central areas. more cloud elsewhere, and once again, that will keep temperatures above freezing, about 6—7 celsius. just the frost limited

to the far north and the east of scotland. now, during thursday, there'll perhaps be a bit more cloud across scotland. the best of the brightness towards the north and the east, still some fog patches as well. quite cloudy for northern ireland, through most of england and wales. we mightjust see a few spots of rain affecting eastern areas of england through the day on thursday, but temperatures once again fairly typical for the time of year. but i suspect it won't feel all that nice — quite cold beneath that cloud. on into the end of the week, we'll see a weather front moving south and eastwards across the uk before high pressure then starts to build in for the weekend. and the air comes in from a different direction, actually, as we go through sunday. so you notice that the oranges come into our map, so the milder south—westerly winds for the end of the weekend. and that means temperatures will rise quite significantly, actually. so you can see there on friday and saturday, still in single figures. by sunday, we'll be in double figures and there'll be a bit of sunshine around as well over the course of the weekend. bye— bye.

live from washington, this is bbc news. israel says it

destroyed serious naval fleet and carried out nearly 500 airstrikes sends the bashar al—assad tabloid. the suspect excused of killing a ceo is denied bail and court. and israel prime minister benjamin netanyahu takes the stand in his corruption trial, slamming charges against him as ridiculous. welcome to the programme. israel says it carried out some 480 as strikes over two days in syria after rebel groups took over the country and toppled the assad regime. the government says it's trying to prevent weapons from reaching walley extremists and a secure border. he claims to have destroyed assyria naval fleet monday night and in the capital damascus, aerial pictures that show the destruction of the syrian military research centre. the idf acknowledged

operations in syria beyond the demilitarised zone near the