welcome to hardtalk, i'm stephen sackur. and today, i'm in oslo for the award of this year's nobel peace prize to the japanese organisation nihon hidankyo — which is the collective voice of the survivors of the two atomic bombs dropped on hiroshima and nagasaki in 1945. for decades, they've been using their terrible experience to campaign for the elimination of all nuclear weapons. my guest today is the 92—year—old survivor of the nagasaki bombing, terumi tanaka. will humanity ever rid itself of this spectre of nuclear armageddon?

terumi tanaka, welcome to hardtalk, and many congratulations on winning the nobel peace prize. it is a great pleasure for me to talk to you. and i want to begin by asking you how you feel about being here in oslo. this extraordinaryjourney your life has taken — from a 13—year—old boy in nagasaki in 1945, to here, receiving the nobel peace prize. what are your emotions today?

well, as you say, your organisation, nihon hidankyo, has been campaigning for the elimination of nuclear weapons for many decades. and you want the world to truly understand what happened to you, as a means of ensuring it never happens again. so, i think it's very important that we hear your memories of august 1916. so, take us back to when you were a boy of 13, and you lived through the atomic bomb being dropped on your city.

what do you remember of the moment when the bomb was dropped?

your home was not in the centre of nagasaki, but you had many relatives, many family who lived closer to the centre. and in the days after this terrible blast which had destroyed so much of your city, you and your immediate family went to look for your relatives — and when you went out into

the city, what did you see?

after the dropping of the american administration the american administration

of president truman, of president truman, in the weeks and months in the weeks and months after the dropping of the two atomic bombs on hiroshima and nagasaki, said that it was the decision to drop those weapons which broughtjapan to the point of surrender and ended the war. and had they not done so, they argued, the war would've gone on for many more months, possibly years injapan itself, and it would have cost millions of lives — japanese lives and american lives — and therefore, the americans said they had no choice. what do you say to that argument?

after the war, there were many, many thousands of japanese survivors of hiroshima and nagasaki — you were one of them. how do you believe they were treated by the post—war government?

and do you believe that, to this very day, the survivors of the atomic bombs have not been given the care and the compensation that they should have had?

organisation, nihon hidankyo, but even after the end of the american occupation, in the decades afterwards, but even after the end of the american occupation, in the decades afterwards, when the japanese government when the japanese government was rebuilding the country was rebuilding the country with very great success, with very great success, in terms of the economic in terms of the economic revolution injapan, revolution injapan,

it still seems you and your it still seems you and your organisation, nihon hidankyo, had a real problem trying to convince the japanese government to take full responsibility for what happened.

all of these years has been and, as well as fighting a long and, as well as fighting a long battle for the proper battle for the proper care and compensation care and compensation of the survivors, the other key of the survivors, the other key aim of your organisation over aim of your organisation over

all of these years has been to persuade the world to eliminate nuclear weapons.

mr tanaka, i just want to end mr tanaka, i just want to end with a thought which i hope with a thought which i hope you won't find too depressing, you won't find too depressing, but it is just a reality. but it is just a reality. the bulletin of atomic the bulletin of atomic scientists maintains what they been to that midnight scientists maintains what they call the doomsday clock, call the doomsday clock, to indicate how close to indicate how close they think we humans may be they think we humans may be to deploying weapons of mass to deploying weapons of mass destruction, and wiping out destruction, and wiping out unimaginable numbers unimaginable numbers of our fellow human beings. of our fellow human beings. in 2023, because primarily in 2023, because primarily of events in the ukraine war, of events in the ukraine war, and what russia was doing and what russia was doing and saying, they put and saying, they put the doomsday clock at 90 the doomsday clock at 90 seconds to midnight — seconds to midnight —

the closest it's ever the closest it's ever been to that midnight doomsday scenario. you've lived a very long life, the clock is now as close to midnight as it's ever been — do you see that as a failure of humanity to listen to your message?

hello. well, most of us are in for another cold and grey day. there will be some sunshine around, mostly across scotland, but as far as the rest of the week's concerned, broadly speaking, it's more or less the same. now, let's have a look at the big picture across the uk. this is what we had earlier on, extensive cloud within an area of high pressure, very light winds to move things around. but in the centre of that high, a frost has developed, mostly across scotland,

the very far north of england and in one or two other areas. pockets of frost possible too. but as far as england's concerned, with a breeze coming off the north sea, it's actually going to be, relatively speaking, quite mild — six in london, compared to “4 in glasgow early in the morning on thursday. so here's that sunshine, early sunshine across scotland, the highlands, the lowlands, the southern uplands, too. there'll be a few glimmers of brightness developing through the course of the afternoon across northern ireland, wales and the south—west. but as far as much of england's concerned, it's grey, gloomy, drizzly mist and hill fog, not very pleasant, and temperatures typically around eight celsius, so actually close to the average. but it will feel cold because there's just so little sunshine and still that nagging breeze. now, into friday, not much changes, but the high pressure does tend to slip away a little bit further to the east. that will allow this weather front to make some progress, so it does mean some spots of rain across western and north—western scotland. but for the vast majority of us, i'm afraid friday's

going to be another grey day with just limited sunshine. and the temperatures once again hovering around, say, 6—8 celsius — so hats, gloves and of course, thick coats. as we go through the course of the weekend, we are anticipating slightly milder weather to reach us, but it won't establish itself across the uk until next week. so as far as saturday's concerned, still pretty chilly, but at least we've got some but at least we've got some sunshine to look forward to. sunshine to look forward to. in fact, much of the uk in fact, much of the uk on saturday is going to be much on saturday is going to be much brighter and more cheerful day. brighter and more cheerful day. sunday, the breeze will pick up sunday, the breeze will pick up and it'll push in thick and it'll push in thick cloud across the country. cloud across the country. and, yes, some sunshine and, yes, some sunshine around but mostly cloudy. around but mostly cloudy. but look at the temperatures but look at the temperatures starting to rise. starting to rise. we're into double figures we're into double figures by the time we get to sunday. by the time we get to sunday. and here's our outlook and here's our outlook into the week ahead. into the week ahead. you'll notice these values you'll notice these values rising through monday. rising through monday. temperatures up to about 11 temperatures up to about 11 celsius, particularly celsius, particularly noticeable in the north. noticeable in the north. bye— bye. bye— bye.

live from washington, this is bbc news. the un says the end of a dictatorship in syria is a cause for hope. fifa announces a controversial

pick to a host a future world cup — saudi arabia. and 20,000 californian residents are told to flee, as a wide fire —— wildfire spread through malibu. we speak to the mayor. i'm sumi somaskanda. thank you forjoining us. the united nations says the world is witnessing the reshaping of the middle east. the un secretary general antonio guterres said there were signs of hope in syria with what he called the end of the dictatorship of president assad he was overthrown at the weekend. but idf strikes on gaza are continuing. gaza's civil defence agency said on wednesday that an overnight israeli air strike in the northern part of the territory killed at least 22 people, including women and children.

syria's remains uncertain.