the runway at muan airport, crashed into a wall and burst into flames. two crew members survived. protests in georgia after the new president — mikheil kavelashvili — was sworn in. the former manchester city footballer is a hardline critic of the west — and the 4 main opposition groups have rejected him and boycotted parliament. three people have died while trying to cross the english channel four people were taken to hospital after several dozen people ended up in the water off the coast of sangatte near calais. the palestinian civil defence says seven people have been killed in an israeli strike on a hospital in the centre of gaza city.

this week, nick goes down under to find out how those cogs and wheels keep an iconic building going. but is he getting a bit too hands on? you just shut the whole building down. i better not touch any more. ever wondered what it takes to put on this kind of show? let's go and see some magical secret stuff. alistair�*s going behind the scenes at europe's biggest theme park. now, what vegetation do you think might make the best climbers? mushrooms, apparently. we meet two pioneers replacing the plastic in their sport with fungi. and it's time to get up close and personal with lara here, and a technique that could help diagnose diseases like parkinson's earlier. what would you have been able to do differently? i've been able to go off and do something that i wanted to do, maybe

go around the world. it's one of the most instantly recognisable buildings in the world. the sydney opera house, an architectural marvel that plays host to some 2000 shows and 11 million visitors each year. now, at 51 years old, this unesco world heritage listed performing arts space is more sustainable than ever. and today i'm going backstage to see the innovation at work behind the scenes. this is building operations, which is where the nerve centre of the opera house is. wow, look at this place. around about 66,000 jobs that come through this office, which is manned 21w. as you know, that's one of the busiest art centres in the world, which we basically don't sleep. so it's a hive of activity. this is where we control everything from the temperature around the building,

waste management, all essential services, security services, hvac, mechanical, you name it. it sort of comes out of this particular office. it's all monitored from here. the building management and control system, or bmcs for short, an interactive digital dashboard engineered by honeywell. and one of the most crucial things for any theatre to get right. temperature. you might have a audience that, you know, we try to maintain 22.5, but if we have a comedian come in, they might want it at 19 degrees. i'm actually surprised by how much it's varying. people in better seats get better temperatures. is it chilly at the back? it's not chilly at the back. um. jokes aside, the house has recently been awarded with the highest six star performance certification by green building council australia and recognition as a global leader in sustainable practice. that's partly down to its fresh focus on air quality.

if we do have high pollution levels, we can close close down the amount of outside air that we're bringing into the theatre. so as you can imagine, when we were going through those devastating bushfires, we were able to actually control the system, to allow low levels of air to be able to come into the venues enough to be able to maintain the system, but to be able to keep the conditions right for the audience and the artists that are performing on stage. 0ver11i00 different sensors are scattered all around the house, feeding live data back to base. when we are operating in a comfortable, better air quality space, we are more productive and even the facility wear and tear reduces greatly. so what the technology is really doing is it's looking at individual spaces every 15 minutes and it's trying to optimise the energy consumption of that space. so that's the temperature there that comes out. that's correct. and i'vejust done something there. that's right. you just shut the whole building down. i better not touch any more.

tape and move on and see some less sensitive instruments. yeah. these�*ll do. at any one time, the opera house can have up to 20,000 visitors. so keeping them all cool is a big challenge, because as soon as they arrive, their body heat naturally warms up the venue. so it's original engineers thought up a solution so its original engineers thought up a solution what we do is we take sea water in from the sydney harbour. - they run around a series i of hundreds of pipes, um, around our domestic water. so that's how we take the temperature - of our domestic water down, which in turns allows us - to save energy so we don't actually — have to use electricity to be able to do that. | we can actually use i our sea water, which is one of the beauty ofjust i being on the sydney harbour. being exposed to the elements has its disadvantages, especially when it comes to outdoor concerts. but the smart system is helping here too. when wind speed gets up to certain levels, it activates a safety plan, for example removing things off tables.

knowing when to hold a show oran event, ora performer coming on stage. the software has helped the house reduce its water and energy use by 20% in the last five years, and is on a mission to become carbon positive by the end of the decade. six star is normally something you would give to a new build, right where you can use all of the latest technologies. but with the opera house, you can't put a solar panel on the roof here. we're a world heritage listed building. technology is way ahead of theirtime. still is used today. that was original to this building, and that's because its architect, jorn utzon, designed with sustainability in mind. even the tiles tails are self—cleaning. the spherical design of the structure allows for good drainage, and the only thing that washes it is the rain. every five years, each tile is manually inspected and digitally catalogued all 1,555,000 of them. that's a lot of tiles.

so that's a lot of inspections that we need to do - around the building. and software like this allows us to actually. strip the building i down and monitor. so if i had this sort. of software ten years ago, i would know that, - you know, the materials i use, i'd be able to monitor the health— of the building and really- have a data log for, you know, when i leave the operal house, the next person who takes myjob, they'll know how i've repaired it. _ so this sort of information will help the longevity - of the building continue. how do you tackle the challenge of retrofitting this heritage building? we feel a great sense of responsibility to notjust care for this place and to treasure and renew this building forfuture generations, but we also talk about ourselves as custodians. you know, we all have a temporary existence, and the time that we have as people that work and look after this place is really significant.

i'm at disneyland paris, where every night hundreds of drones take to the sky to entertain crowds of people looking on from below. these kinds of shows are becoming a regular feature at festivals, new year celebrations and sports events all over the world. have you ever seen a drone show in the sky and wondered, how do they do that? we're going to find out. and it's a journey that's going to take us behind the scenes of the inner workings of this theme park, and meet some of those bringing the magic to life. so for this show, we have a total of 519 drones, 500 standard drones and i9 drones which are carrying pyrotechnics. so smoke effects or sparklers orfountain effects, which just add a little bit of extra magic during the show. but our trip behind the scenes here started much earlier in the day, as the team get ready for the big show at the end

of the night. hey, alasdair, you found me. ok, here we are. let's go and see some magical secret stuff. so here we go. these are the drones in question. 0bviously, these ones are in the workshop. so this is where drones are. maintains all the drones that we have every night on the show. so it'sjust like a commercial aircraft almost. they do a pre—flight check. they check the motors. they check the antennas, the communication, the lights. everything is checked. and if there's any issue with a specific drone, they just take out that drone and they put in another drone that's ready to go. the drone they use has been specially adapted for this use. it weighsjust 600g, with an led light on the front and a large antenna.

the tech and the software behind it is made by french company drone source. hi. hello. bonjour. this is the drone. and so, how do you get them to stay in the right place in the sky? well, everything is pre—programmed. we use gps. we use the wi—fi as well. we have a different way of communicating with the drones. and then you have 500 drones all moving in sync together. yes. and you have the drones that are lit on that you can see. but of course, while you have a character or a figure in the sky, some other drones are off and are travelling to their next location. how do they not crash? how do they know where to go and be in the right place? these are smart drones and these software that that we drones developed has several layers of security and intelligence.

so every single drone is completely ignorant to what it has to do prior to the show. if it's placed in a specific point on the take—off zone, it knows it's number 312. and if that one's placed somewhere else, that's number 378. but that's their one role and that's all that they do. they take off. they do their show. the show is on every night of the year weather dependent. that's a lot of pressure that this tech is under to, to be working fully and up in the sky. absolutely. and what was developed for this show was something called hot swap if a drone has a problem with a motor or a battery or anything that happens. so it'll either come home or it'll literally go straight down. but if it does go straight down, there's a drone that's waiting to take its place. drones are flying one metre or 50 apart, so that drone has to navigate through this sea of drones in the sky, and then parks up and takes over and runs the show in its place, which is very, very clever. this is the control room. so this is where all of the show aspects are controlled.

this is michael. michael. he's the stage manager. he's in charge of all the technicians for the show. this time of night, a lot of people start looking up at the sky because the weather is really important here. rain is a really big factor because it's in the preparation time. it takes two hours for them to install the drones, do all the checking, everything that we spoke about. then of course, there's the wind. so prior to the show we set. they send up three drones, three drones that fly up to like 110m, another one at 70 and another one at 40m. each of these drones has a black box on it, just like an aircraft. the drones go up there, they take the weather, they see if there's like a gust and what the average is and what that wind speed at those different heights. and then that decision is made. the stage manager then says yes, no. and that decision is taken five minutes before the show. so we really, really try to the last moment to be able to do it really as close to the wire.

weather is the big limiting factor of this kind of technology. despite that, drone shows are fast becoming a fixture of events all around the globe. there's no denying their potential to entertain. there's a trend lately to put more drones in the shows. i you know, it's not a matter of numbers, it's really- a matter of experience. and maybe the drones tomorrow could react i to what the audience is doing. so this is something that i really want to see. - the future is endless, is all i can say, really, because, you know, we're only limited by aerospace and imagination. well, that was amazing. and with these drone shows happening all over the world now, i can't wait to see my next one. time for a look at this week's tech news. roblox has announced

that it will block under 13's from directly messaging other players, unless they have permission from a verified parent or guardian. it is the most popular gaming platform for eight to 12—year—olds in the uk, but has been urged to improve efforts to safeguard children. parents will be able to view and manage their child's account, including seeing their list of online friends and setting daily limits on playtime. a team at liverpool john moores university has created a digital avatar based on a reconstruction of richard ii's head, the english king's face has a slightly arched nose and a prominent chin. experts were also able to determine how he might have spoken by examining handwriting and the spelling of words. i've determined to honour our dearest first—born son, edward. and finally, boki, the brown bear who had life saving brain surgery six weeks ago, is making a remarkable recovery.

according to keepers at the wildwood trust, veterinary surgeons fitted a stent into boki's brain. it's to help drain excess fluid, which was believed to be causing the bear debilitating seizures. keepers say that the two—year—old cub is almost back to his normal self. ok, let's talk about climbing now. now, this is a sport that's gaining popularity after featuring at the olympics. i've tried it. it's fun, but it's hard. but now some of the sports enthusiasts are starting to ask about the environmental impact of their beloved activity. we spoke to two inventors based at moceanlab in berlin, which is a hard tech hub. now they're developing a new kind of climbing hold. those are those little blocks that you put yourfeet and hands in to hoist yourself up the wall. the team behind this project, which is still in its early days, says

it's an eco friendly alternative to the typical plastic climbing holds. climbers are the ones who are really trying to protect the environment. we care for nature. we want to bring sustainable alternatives for the climbing industry because it's a community that actually cares about the environment. i love climbing, it's kind of therapy for me. so it's you and the wall and that's it. hi, my name is manuela. my name is marta. even though we are architects, one of our really big passions is to climb. every time you go to the club, or even if you go outdoor climbing, you go with a group. you have this community feeling it's fun, it's someone supporting you. they're cheering you up not to fall. there's a lot of people eager to do this sport, which is amazing, but that means that a lot more gyms are opening every day.

most of the equipment is relying on plastics, and this leads to a massive consumption of climbing holes, which means there is a massive amount of plastic waste. we really want to make like a whole change in the whole industry because it's needed, and the only way to push forward is actually make it yourself. we're using mycelium that is actually the root of mushrooms to develop a new material. mycelium in rye. and it's going to be the food that we are going to put into our substrate. 0ur secret recipe at the moment. and this is how it looks like once the mycelium has grown inside. so the way we get mushrooms into climbing halls, the whole process basically starts with taking a sample of the mushroom we want to use. we grow that in a special preparation called agar, where you let the mycelium of this mushroom grow.

then you transfer this to a first substrate that is a kind of food for the mushroom. you let it grow, you transfer this to a mould. in our case, what we are doing is we are 3d printing our moulds with either recyclable or biodegradable filament, so a small mould for a foothold. and then we're going to transfer some of our mycelium into it and let it grow. so we will put this in our growing tent for five days and the mycelium will grow inside. and then we will have a material that it will start looking like this. you see here all the substrate is combined together with the mycelium which is the white part. and i will show you the next step, which is after letting it grow, we will heat it up and the material will turn into something like this.

and you can hear now it's strong. it's hard compared to how it was before. we are going to drill some holes. so we are going to be able to put this into the wall afterwards. once you dry it out there's no problem with it. in the beginning people were a bit sceptical about this application for the materials. so that's where we come in and try to push it and show that if you have a better recipe, you can make it stronger. and then if you have a proper coating or another material to combine it with, then you can have actually a really strong material that could be applied for the climbing holes. it's not about bringing just a product, it's also making a statement that we need to do something better for the environment. and right now we have a product which is 98% made out of mycelium, which is completely bio based and can be recyclable. we are almost there to be perfect. so yeah, stay tuned because they will come out soon.

it's often said that the eyes are the window to the soul, but throw in a spot of ai and there's so much more that can be seen in them. an estimated 20 million eye tests take place in the uk every year vital for getting the right specs. but these increasingly available retinal scans could one day delve deeper into your health, too. they can already identify signs of conditions that can lead to blindness. but now research at ucl institute of ophthalmology and moorfields eye hospital is investigating whether ai might help us pick up other diseases this way too. and it's created a whole new potential field of diagnostics with its own name.

archeolomix — this is a new term that we've coined just to describe this ability to use the eye as a window to the rest of the body, just from looking at a retinal photograph with the retina is like the nerve tissue at the back of the eye. just from looking at that, you can predict their weight, you can predict their blood pressure. but it's even more impressive than that. there are indications that scans can predict signs of parkinson's disease. on average, seven years earlier than a regular diagnosis. i went to the doctor and i said, i don't feel very well. she sent me off to see the heart surgeon and said i had my heart done, and for a year and a half i wasted the time i could — have been diagnosed. if you just keep your- forehead against the bar. angela has parkinson's. she had to wait years for a diagnosis, but if technology like this had been used, it may have been spotted earlier as she was already being treated by professor pearce

for macular degeneration. what would you have been able to do differently? i would have been able to go to speech therapy longer earlier. i'd have been able to go off and do something that i wanted to do, maybe _ go around the world, but i wouldn't go like this. um, i'mjust enjoying my life a bit better, planned it. and this is how simple a scan to potentially be able to find out all of that actually is. you'll see a bright blue light. ijust want you to look straight into that - bright blue light. so, we're looking at. your scans right here, and this looks completely healthy and normal. - these are the individual layers

of the retina that we can see l

at the back of the eye. the inner layers go straight to the brain. and so often diseases that affect the brain will turn up right here at the front of the retina. the layers shown by this equipment are one micron thick. that's a thousandth of a millimetre. subtle changes are hard to spot, and that's why you need a large set of data to compare. bowel disease, lung problems and more. how do you feel about al? i feel it's the way forward and we'd be very stupid to ignore it. i know it's got some bad press, but most of it is good press. and in a way, if it helps you get a diagnosis earlier and get the right treatment and make you sort of better, what's to not like. and hopefully for this sort of use, many others might agree with angela, parkinson's and the other diseases that could become identifiable like this affects so many. and early diagnosis can make a huge difference to treatment and outcome. well, that's all we've got time for this week. thanks for watching and we'll be back soon.

the high pressure that has trapped the fog is getting squeezed away. across northern scotland the weather front is that weather front is bringing with it some rain, but temperatures in england and wales a little bit higher than yesterday, 9 or ten degrees. a bit of a struggle though, to break the cloud up in the far south east of england overnight. tonight, though, we're going to have variable cloud for england and wales, northern ireland and into scotland. it should stay dry here. northern scotland though, getting wetter through the night. and as we hit the colder air in the far north of the country,

there'll be some snow falling in caithness and sutherland. milder further south with lows around five or six degrees. but on monday and continuing into tuesday, new year's eve, scotland could get some travel disruption from the central belt northwards. combination of spells of heavy rain, but also the potential for some snow in the north and east leading to some flooding. we start with that wet weather in scotland. it does tend to ease away the rain pushing down across southern scotland, affecting northern ireland, the far north of england, where it's going to be gusty over the northern pennines. some stronger winds further south as well, breaking the cloud up, giving some sunshine at times and lifting temperatures into double figures. the cold is still, though, across northern scotland as it brightens up after the wet weather. there'll be a few showers for a while, but another area of low pressure is coming in and hitting the same sort of areas, bringing more wet and windy weather into tuesday. more heavy rain to come across scotland. that rain tending to ease off as it moves down across northern ireland into northern england and wales. it will be a windy day, particularly so across these areas, and we may

well find the rain turning to snow in northern parts of scotland during the afternoon, still in that colder air here, but elsewhere a mild. new year's eve temperatures 11 or 12 degrees. things could get worse though, overnight. and as we head into new year's day, the next area of low pressure bringing more widespread disruption. windy weather for england and wales, heavy rain in wales and further north. some heavy snow could bring some travel disruption. that area of low pressure clears away on wednesday night, allowing arctic air to return on thursday, bringing much colder weather and some wintry showers in the north.

live from london. this is bbc news. a plane carrying 181 people has crashed on landing at muan airport, killing all but two of those on board. the new pro—russian president of georgia has been sworn in, drawing large protests

in the capital tbilisi. palestinian authorities say seven people have been killed in an israeli strike on a hospital in gaza city. three people have died while trying to cross the english channel off the coast of sangatte near calais. there were only two survivors from the plane that crashed in south korea, 179 others perished when the aircraft came down and burst into flames at muan international airport in the west of the country. the boeing 737, coming in from bangkok, had a total of 181 people on board. those pulled out of the wreckage are believed to be the flight crew. seven days of national mourning have been declared. this is the moment the plane skidded down the runway before hitting a wall and exploding into a fireball. the authorities say a birdstrike may have