this week, the latest way of treating many it's very difficult to explain but, uh... you want to get back control? paul meets the scientists who've created a more natural way of cleaning up so—called forever chemicals. michael kaloki is in kenya, where technology is helping to sustain communities that rely on fish for their living. for these women, many of them are less fortunate. so they are earning from this fish now. and andrew rodgers sniffs out the next big thing in gaming. maybe...

can you smell it now? i think so. oh, there we go. oh, yeah. i can smell it from i here, to be honest. yeah! 0k. parkinson's is the fastest growing neurological condition in the world. at the moment, drugs are the first line of treatment. but at this madrid hospital, but at this madrid hospital, i'm meeting a man whose life i'm meeting a man whose life could be transformed by the latest use of a high—tech therapy. a high—tech therapy. hola. hola. hablo espanol. hablo espanol. hola. how are you feeling about the procedure? the procedure? the procedure? well... well... now i amjust... three years ago, when he was in few hours to go and find, in few hours to go and find, finally, if this is going to be finally, if this is going to be the final solution or not. the final solution or not. it's going to be a miracle, ithink. most people with parkinson's most people with parkinson's tend to start to develop tend to start to develop symptoms when they're over 50, symptoms when they're over 50, but we know that treating but we know that treating the condition as early the condition as early as possible is key. as possible is key.

oscar first noticed tremors oscar first noticed tremors three years ago, when he was recovering from covid. it started in this, this, this, this shake, shake or move, involun... no voluntary moves. so, um, it's going to shake more and more and more and more. mm. to — i need to put the left hand over the right hand to...

for the procedure that might bring oscar the relief that has so far eluded him. the worst part of this is when the physicians solution for your sickness. no solution. my god. it must be absolutely horrendous to hear that. 0h! it's very difficult to explain, but, uh... you want to get back control? i need to get back control. yes, that's it, yeah. today, oscar is undergoing a procedure that uses high frequency focused ultrasound. whilst it's been used to treat essential tremor it's also been undergoing various trials for tackling other symptoms of the disease, including rigidity and slowness of movement. in oscar, all of these are being targeted. before getting started, though, there's a lot of prep. first, this frame is

attached to his head. allow for clinicians to fix the head firmly in position. next, a membrane is fitted to the frame. this creates a very tight seal to circulate water around the head — because without the water, it acts a bit like an ultrasound jelly, seeing that put on his head was quite something. there was a bit of blood, the swelling... invasive brain surgery. good luck. thank you. it'll be over soon. thank you.

the patient is given some pretty low tech tests to do, like gripping things, assessing flexibility, or drawing shapes during the procedure. it helps the medics be sure that they're targeting the right part of the brain. success of the procedure relies on this feedback, communicate throughout. so we are about to mark the target. we are going to make the lesion here. is like a lentil. this is — or like a small bean. and we need to be in the

posterior part of the nucleus inside kind of this. really feel the pressure. they're aiming for the motor part of the thalamus, they need to target the right area and at the same time as deciding on the right dose of the ultrasound. these long term hopes are hugely ambitious. success could be ground—breaking for those with the disease, but how is this going to help oscar in the more immediate future? there is an increase - of temperature, and this increase of temperature creates an ablation, a lesion. _ so we sort of burn neurones. that, because of the disease, by burning those neurones, we revert this pathologicall activity and the symptoms improve _ and the main advantage of focused ultrasound i is that we can have this impact on brain, on pathological braini networks without the need, the need of a skull incisionl

we can do it - with an intact skull. the game—changer factor. what are the risks of side effects? what could happen? well, of course you're doing a brain lesion. but you don't have 100% of control. . and if the lesion growsl to unwanted structures, that can happen, it's not - frequent but that can happen, then you can impact. on structures that have functions like balance. motor weakness, which probably is the most concerning. - it's uncommon, but still, this can happen. - but despite all of this, within 2a hours, do you expect oscar to be up and about living his normal life again? yeah. well... cautiously. a few weeks to get completely

stable because, again, - there is a lesion in the brain. there is inflammation as well and we have l to manage medications. but, yeah, in a few weeks, he's going to go back- to his normal life — - but without the clinical without the tremor? without tremor, without rigidity. | and the other symptoms? exactly. i've been given the nod that they're finished, so let's see how oscar's doing. well done, well done. you've made it. just watching you from out here, i was imagining how claustrophobic that must have been. how many hours it was? was it about 2.5 hours? yeah, maybe. more. did it hurt at all? excuse me? any pain? no, no pain. no pain. not really. just very still. yes. and trapped.

yeah. yeah, like in a submarine. and hopefully you'll be free of your symptoms, as well. yes. oscar is ready to go back to the ward. and the big question is, has the treatment worked? just a few hours ago... ..shaking, shaking and shaking without control. to go on with my life. of slowing disease progression has been achieved. of his tremor has returned. it is still milder than it was, but his doctors say that another ultrasound treatment may be necessary. potentially lasting recovery. one of the world's most persistent environmental global water supplies. some of the most difficult some of the most difficult chemicals to remove are toxic chemicals to remove are toxic

per— and polyfluoroalkyl per— and polyfluoroalkyl substances, better known as pfas. substances, better known as pfas. pfas can be found in a variety pfas can be found in a variety of everyday products, of everyday products, from food packaging to shampoo, due to their nonstick, stain resistant and stain resistant and waterproof properties. waterproof properties. that nonstick pan you have that nonstick pan you have in your kitchen cupboard in your kitchen cupboard probably has pfas in it. these synthetic pfas these synthetic pfas substances are also known as forever chemicals, substances are also known them extremely difficult as their composition makes to break down and destroy i've come to oxford i've come to oxford brookes university to meet brookes university to meet the scientists hoping the scientists hoping to solve this problem... to solve this problem... ..with bubbles. they've developed a new machine called a hydrodynamic reactor that uses bubbles which form and collapse due to

changes in pressure — a process called cavitation — that helps to clean the water. these bubbles are not like the air bubbles or the temperature bubbles, the boiling bubbles that we see in boiling water, let's say, when you increase the temperature. these bubbles are formed due to pressure fluctuations, pressure differences, and so they are more energetic and when they are collapsing or imploding, they produce some, some effects, like powerful shock waves and local hot spots that can reach extreme temperatures in the range of 1,000 degrees c. these bubbles collapse at a tiny scale, and the extreme temperatures and shock waves created help to break apart the molecular structure of the pfas chemicals. basically, we have cavitation reactors in the heart of this set—up, and the idea is that we are just using the running pressure inside the waste water

treatment plant. so we don't use any auxiliary force to guide the flow from the container to inside our microfluidic devices. so we are using the existing actual energy in the waste water treatment plants to guide the flow through these tubings. and then everything are happening here, inside the reactor. so cavitation bubbles are happening here, inside the reactor, and they treat the pfas inside those. trials of the reactor showed it could achieve a 36% degradation rate of pfas, without the need for any additional chemicals. the research is still experimental, but the scientists behind it are confident that it could be scaled up in as little as two years. and, ultimately, you know, where do you see, where do you hope that this reactor might end up? the beauty of this reactor is that it doesn't really need electricity to operate,

just pressurised gas. so, potentially, it can be used for poor countries where there are communities without electricity and they can, you know, use the reactor, and purify water and, for example, drink it. so...

exercise and academic of sleep, exercise and academic record did not differ between with a mobile -hone ban schools with a mobile phone ban and those this appears and those without. this appears to contradict a study from last summer that found schools that ban mobile phones see better gcs e results. 700,000 women in will 7 mildew” ' will take part a new england will take part a new trial to see the latest ai technology can speed up breast cancer screening. currently, two specialists are needed per mammogram it's hoped that mammogram and it's hoped that the one labels just want to complete the same screening process safely and efficiently. the aim is to free up hundreds of radiologists and other to catch more cases earlier. and it is cancer cases earlier. and it is happy 25th birthday to the sims. as anyone who has built their own family insemination will note, this game is well—placed to design their own characters until their own stories, mostly about everyday life, for a court of a century now. according to the

publisher, the most recent instalment, has been translated 18 instalment, hes beentrensleted 18 languages and played by into 18 languages and played by 85 million people worldwide. lake turkana, it's a harsh environment forfishermen here. temperatures can reach temperatures can reach as high as a0 degrees as high as a0 degrees and in recent years, and in recent years, catches have been dwindling. catches have been dwindling. many have left, but those many have left, but those who stay barely make a living. who stay barely make a living. social entrepreneur social entrepreneur francis nderitu, and recent francis nderitu, and recent solar powered freezers. winner of the earthshot prize winner of the earthshot prize for his work on sustainability, for his work on sustainability, started keep it cool started keep it cool to try and stem the tide. to try and stem the tide. he started with refrigeration. 40% of the fish caught 40% of the fish caught here is being lost, here is being lost, much of it down to poor much of it down to poor or nonexistent cooling. or nonexistent cooling. all of the points of all of the points of the distribution chain have been supplied with

the distribution chain

it's in this plant that another key plank of keep it cool�*s strategy is implemented. they clean up the fish to make sure they get the best possible price at market. after receiving, we start the process of scaling. after scaling, we do gutting. now we are able to wash the fish and then after that, we start sorting. another one of keep it cool�*s innovations is the creation of an online marketplace called markiti. markiti is a swahili word or arabic word for markets, right? so when you think about markiti, you think about market. so we thought of a way to digitise the market, the nuances that it has in terms of too many middlemen and all that.

our intention is to streamline the value chain that's how we are able to use technology, for example, to know that, one, the type of fish they want, the quality of fish, they want, the size of fish they want, and at what time they actually need that fish. and tellthem, ok, this is what the restaurants in nairobi want, this is what you should go and look for. and by doing that, we avoid a lot of wastage because most of the time fishermen willjust go and fish everything and try to sell it in the market. and there's one more trick up keep it cool�*s sleeve to squeeze every drop out of the value chain. as the best fillets, to make sure every ounce of value is realised. beatrice has been in partnership with keep it cool for the past three years. this business has enabled me to take care of my family. i have got four children.

it supports us because it's paying our house rent. these premises. in this area of mathare, it's a slum. it's a long outer ring road. the fish that you are selling because we are selling the by—products for these women and many of them are the less fortunate. so they are earning from this fish now. so by streamlining the supply chain, using technology to help distribution is now 98% efficient, thereby making a better future for these rural communities. feast for the eyes.

more than ever, games have become a real feast for the eyes. but could they soon be tantalising more of our senses? we've come to warwick university's festival bit different — games you can smell. yeah, you heard that right, we're giving gaming the sniff test. this kit is still pretty experimental, but this is essentially how it works. you've got the smell in your bottle here. that's then sent by a fan down the tube to the player's nose and it's all synced up with the game you play. so in a racing game like this, you're getting whiffs

of burning rubber, motor oil, and maybe just a hint of... oh, it's kind of like, it's like new car smell. yes. i think so. oh, there we go. i can smell it from here, to be honest. yeah! 0k. these won't be going on sale like this any time soon, but some big game makers are taking smells more seriously. yeah, i'm really getting that smell. at this year's consumer at this year's consumer electronics show, where some electronics show, where some of the world's top tech products are showcased, playstation maker sony playstation maker sony unveiled its concept unveiled its concept of a star trek—like fully immersive holodeck, including all the smells including all the smells of the last of us. of the last of us. and this is the gamesent, and this is the gamesent, a box its makers say uses ai a box its makers say uses ai to match smells to games to match smells to games like sea of thieves like sea of thieves and call of duty. and call of duty. and this device was made to test out a theory, too. does smelling a game does smelling a game make it more immersive? make it more immersive? time to put this all to the test and we've brought time to put this all to the test and we've brought

the perfect people along. the perfect people along. e—sports students james and juris and their teacher, shoubna. what are you smelling? what's it smell like? it's... it's kind of got, like, a tinge of a vapour.

would you use it again? yeah, it's a really cool piece l of technology that's been kind of embedded into this. it's really immersive, - i think it would work for a lot of games, not just driving simulations, as well. - and it's notjust gaming that these are being used in either, there's a whole bunch of other areas of research where these are being put to the test. trying to just create authentic virtual simulation. and one of the works we're also showing here today is that if you've got you've got the ability to simulate flavour, because of simulation, you can add and subtract to it. how good a person is at distinguishing flavours. and if we can do that, then we can actually see whether someone's got alzheimer's or not. because if you've got alzheimer's, it affects your ability to taste or smell, and if we can measure it, we can determine whether you've got alzheimer's well before, you know, you fail a memory test. so whether it's to help in hospitals, create smarter simulations, orjust make games more fun, i really did get that smell. that really smelt like i was in a car.

hello there. north across england, wales and southern scotland this evening and overnight. settling snow will be mainly confined to the hills, as we pick up some less cold air. north out of iberia, squeezing the isobars together, bringing the windy weather. but you'll notice it also bring some lighter colours across the country for this weekend, so a little less cold before more cold weather returns around this area of high pressure for next week on an easterly wind. so this evening and overnight,

cloudy skies for large parts of england and wales. mainly rain, central and southern areas, but we'll see accumulating snow across the hills of wales — i—scm here — and some snow, perhaps, for the pennines, some of this snow getting in a little bit further north as well, perhaps southern scotland at times. will see clear skies, a sharp frost in places. a little less cold further south and east, so for saturday, it's a rather grey picture. we'll have further spots of rain across england some wintry showers for eastern scotland. the best of the sunshine, again, across this north—west corner, and perhaps some brightness developing across the south—east later in the day. one or two rain showers here. and the winds lighter across the board on saturday temperatures range from around 6—9 degrees. so that's how saturday is looking. through saturday night, it looks like that cloud starts to thin and break, allowing more clear spells to develop. there'll still be a few spots of rain and hill snow across northern england and into southern scotland.

where skies are clear, then we're likely to see frost and maybe some fog, because the winds will be lighter. where we hold on to the cloud, then generally above freezing. so for sunday, high pressure starts to build back in. we're drawing an easterly wind again across the country. sunday, ithink, looking like being the better day of the weekend, perhaps drier and a bit brighter. could stay cloudy all day. and temperatures 6—9 degrees — that's a little but into next week, temperatures drop below the seasonal norm. it turns colder, easterly winds. a lot of dry weather because of high pressure, snow across central, northern and eastern areas.

live from washington, this is bbc news. over gaza, saying israel would hand over the strip after fighting ends. panama accuses the united states of spreading "lies and falsehoods" about gaining access to its canal free of charge.

greenland is not for sale, president trump says i'm helena humphrey, glad you could join me. this week, donald trump's latest proposal — that the us take control of gaza move its people elsewhere, and turn it into the "riviera of the middle east" — has sparked global criticism. but this isn't the first time the president has floated bold territorial ambitions since returning to the white house. from demanding that denmark sell greenland to the united states, to threatening to reclaim the panama canal, to even suggesting that canada should become america's 51st state — president trump's vision seems to stretch beyond his "america first" agenda, with critics