this week, the latest way of treating many it's very difficult to explain but, uh... you want to get back control? paul meets the scientists who've created a more natural michael kaloki is in kenya, where technology is helping for these women, many of them are less fortunate. some of them are widows and single mothers. so they are earning from this fish now. maybe... can you smell it now? i think so. oh, there we go. oh, yeah. i can smell it from i here, to be honest. yeah! 0k. parkinson's is the fastest growing neurological condition

in the world. at the moment, drugs are the first line of treatment. but at this madrid hospital, i'm meeting a man whose life could be transformed by the latest use of a high—tech therapy. hola. hablo espanol. hola. how are you feeling about the procedure? now i amjust... the final solution or not. it's going to be a miracle, ithink. symptoms when they're over 50, but we know that treating the condition as early as possible is key. oscar first noticed tremors three years ago, when he was recovering from covid. it started in this, this,

this, this shake, shake or move, involun. .. no voluntary moves. so, um, it's going to shake more and more and more and more. mm. to — i need to put the left hand over the right hand to... you know, it's a social... yeah. ..a social part of that. and also another symptom is the — in spanish say "rigides". ah, grip, grip strength. grip strength. yeah, i see. yeah. all...all of the... it's like another people living... ..living inside me. these are the final preparations and then for the procedure that might bring oscar the relief that has so far eluded him. the worst part of this is when the physicians tell you that, sorry, no, no solve,

no, there is no solution for your sickness. no solution. my god. it must be absolutely horrendous to hear that. oh! it's very difficult to explain, but, uh... yes, i need to go and back... i need to get back control. yes, that's it, yeah. today, oscar is undergoing a procedure that uses high frequency focused ultrasound. whilst it's been used to treat essential tremor and parkinson's tremor for over a decade, more recently, other symptoms of the disease, including rigidity and slowness of movement. she speaks spanish before getting started, though, there's a lot of prep. first, this frame is attached to his head. those pins don't actually go into the skin, but they do next, a membrane is

fitted to the frame. this creates a very tight seal to circulate water around the head — because without the water, the ultrasound beams don't go through the skull. it acts a bit like an ultrasound jelly, and it's crucial there are no air bubbles. seeing that put on his head was quite something. there was a bit of blood, the swelling... but still, this is nothing compared to actual invasive brain surgery. good luck. thank you. it'll be over soon. thank you. like gripping things, assessing flexibility, or drawing shapes during the procedure.

it helps the medics be sure that they're targeting success of the procedure relies on this feedback, which is why oscar remains awake and able to communicate throughout. so we are about to mark the target. we are going to make the lesion here. so we are about to mark the target. we are going to make the lesion here. is like a lentil. feel the pressure.

which treats the tremor. these long term hopes are hugely ambitious. success could be ground—breaking for those with the disease, but how is this going to help oscar in the more immediate future? by delivering that energy there in the point of convergence, i there is an increase - of temperature, and this increase of temperature creates an ablation, a lesion. _ so we sort of burn neurones. that, because of the disease, are having abnormal | pathological activity. by burning those neurones, we revert this pathologicall activity and the - symptoms improve. and the main advantage of focused ultrasound i is that we can have this impact on brain, on pathological braini networks without the need, the need of a skull incisionl or penetrating to the brain. we can do it - with an intact skull. a skull, and that is the, - in my opinion, the game—changer

factor. what are the risks of side effects? what could happen? well, of course you're doing a brain lesion and it's well. but you don't have 100% of control. . and if the lesion growsi to unwanted structures, that can happen, it's not - frequent but that can happen, functions like balance. patients can have imbalance or speech disorders or evenl but despite all of this, within 2a hours, do you expect yeah. well... cautiously. a few weeks to get completely stable because, again, - there is inflammation as well and we have l to manage medications. but, yeah, in a few weeks, he's going to go back- to his normal life — - but without the clinical signs that he has today. without the tremor?

and the other symptoms? exactly. so let's see how oscar's doing. well done, well done. you've made it. claustrophobic that must have been. how many hours it was? was it about 2.5 hours? yeah, maybe. - did it feel longer? more. did it hurt at all? excuse me? any pain? no, no pain. no pain. not really. just very still. yes. and trapped. yeah. but now you're free. yeah, like in a submarine. and hopefully you'll be free of your symptoms, as well. yes. oscar is ready to go back to the ward. and the big question is, has the treatment worked? just a few hours ago... ..shaking, shaking and shaking without control. ifeel grateful, alive, good and full of power to go on with my life.

it will take some years to know whether the full long—term goal of slowing disease progression has been achieved. but for oscar right now, well, since filming, part of his tremor has returned. it is still milder than it was, but his doctors say that he is hopefully, though, on the way to a fuller and potentially lasting recovery. threats is toxic chemicals finding their way into global water supplies. some of the most difficult chemicals to remove are toxic per— and polyfluoroalkyl substances, better known as pfas.

pfas can be found in a variety of everyday products, from food packaging to shampoo, due to their nonstick, stain resistant and waterproof properties. that nonstick pan you have in your kitchen cupboard probably has pfas in it. to break down and destroy through traditional water treatment methods. ..with bubbles. they've developed a new machine called a hydrodynamic reactor in pressure — a process called cavitation — that helps to clean the water. these bubbles are not like the air bubbles

the temperature. these bubbles are formed due to pressure fluctuations, and when they are collapsing or imploding, they produce some, some effects, like powerful shock waves these bubbles collapse at a tiny scale, and the extreme temperatures and shock waves created help to break apart the molecular structure of the pfas chemicals. basically, we have cavitation reactors in the heart of this set—up, and the idea is that we are just using the running pressure inside the waste water treatment plant.

water treatment plants to guide the flow through these tubings. so cavitation bubbles are happening here, inside the reactor, and they treat the pfas inside those. trials of the reactor showed it could achieve a 36% degradation rate of pfas, without the need for any additional chemicals. scientists behind it are confident that it could be scaled up in as little as two years. you hope that this reactor might end up? electricity to operate, just pressurised gas. where there are communities without electricity and they can, you know, use the reactor, and purify water and, for example, drink it.

so... and theyjust, every time, you know, the pressurised gas is filled out, they can use a new one and replace it and that's it. that little bit safer to drink. banning mobile phones and schools does not improve grades or mental health, is or mental health, it is according to a new extensive peer—reviewed study. university of found students of birmingham found students level exercise and level sleep, exercise and academic record did not differ between schools with a mobile

phone ban and those without, this appears to contradict a study from last summer that found schools that banned mobile phones see better gsc mobile phonessee better gsc 700,000 women in results. 700,000 women in england will take part in a new trial to see if the latest ai trial to see if the letésfél” can triel te eee if the. letee’tjel” can speed triel te eee if the leeee’e’ei” can speed up breast screening. currently two ca ncerrscreening; qorrently two are ca ncerrscreening; qorrentty two are needed ca noerrsoreening; qorrentty two are needed a specialists are needed a mammogram and it is hoped the new tool will enable just one to complete the same screening process safely and efficiently. the aim is to free up hundreds of radiologists and other specialists to catch more cancer cases earlier. and it's 25th birthday to the sims happy 25th birthday to the sims as anyone who has built their own family and sims nation will know this game has allowed players to design their own characters and tell their own stories mostly about everyday life or a quarter of a century now. according to its "eee: eccnrémste te te �* electric "eee: eeeerémste te te �* electric carts reee eeeerémste te te �* electric carts the publisher electric carts the most latest instalment been most latest instalment has been. into 18 languages and

treated intojbiengoages end by treated intolbiengua ges e at! by 85 treated intojbjangda ges a nd by 85 million people played by 85 million people worldwide. years, catches have been dwindling. many have left, but those who stay barely make a living. social entrepreneur francis nderitu, and recent winner of the earthshot prize for his work on sustainability, started keep it cool to try and stem the tide. he started with refrigeration. 40% of the fish caught here is being lost, much of it all of the points of the distribution chain have been supplied with solar powered freezers. the refrigeration system

is a hybrid solar powered freezer, so the freezer can work perfectly well off grid, you only need solar, a controller and battery, then the freezer runs perfectly well. we have a good number of people who are off—grid, so now this technology has been incorporated to help such a kind of people to access cooling as a service. is in when it finally arrives. so, after a relatively long journey from the lake, the fish end up here, at the keep it cool processing plant, located on the outskirts of the kenyan capital, nairobi. so, for health and safety purposes, i'm going to go and kit up, and then i'm going to go in and have a look. it's in this plant that another

key plank of keep it cool�*s they clean up the fish to make sure they get the best possible price at market. after receiving, we start the process of scaling. now we are able to wash the fish and then after that, we start sorting. another one of keep it cool�*s innovations is the creation of an online marketplace called markiti. markiti is a swahili word or arabic word for markets, right? market. so we thought of a way to digitise the market, the way they operate, by disrupting some of and all that. platform. that's how we are able to use technology, for example, to know that, one, the type of fish they want, the quality of fish, they want,

the size of fish they want, ok, this is what the restaurants in nairobi want, this is what you should go and look for. and by doing that, we avoid a lot of wastage because most to squeeze every drop out of the value chain. fish offcuts are treated with the same respect as the best fillets, to make sure every ounce of value is realised. beatrice has been in partnership with keep it cool for the past three years. this business has enabled me to take care of my family. i have got four children. it supports us because it's paying our house rent. it's paying our house and back at home, it's paying school fees for our children, and it's even paying these premises. in this area of

mathare, it's a slum. it's a long outer ring road. the fish that you are selling because we are selling the by—products for these women and many of them are the less fortunate. some of them are widows and single mothers. so they are earning from this fish now. so by streamlining the supply chain, using technology to help keep the fish fresh and making sure the fishermen only catch what there's a market for, keep it cool claims fish a better future for these rural communities. more than ever, games have become a real feast

for the eyes. of innovation to try something a something a little bit yeah, you heard that right, we're giving gaming the sniff test. this kit is still pretty experimental, but this is essentially how it works. you've got the smell in your bottle here. and it's all synced up with the game you play. of burning rubber, motor oil, and maybe just a hint of... oh, it's kind of like, it's like new car smell. yes. you need to get to the checkpoint in ten seconds. can you smell it now? i think so. oh, there we go. oh, yeah.

i can smell it from here, to be honest. yeah! 0k. yeah, i'm really getting that smell. at this year's consumer electronics show, where some of the world's top tech products are showcased, playstation maker sony unveiled its concept of a star trek—like fully immersive holodeck, including and this is the gamesent, a box its makers say uses ai to match smells to games like sea of thieves and this device was made to test out a theory, too. time to put this all to the test and we've brought the perfect people along. e—sports students james and juris and their teacher, shoubna.

it's kind of got, like, a tinge of a vapour. like, if you if you're smelling smoke, it's kind definitely good. driving, you can smell it, not as a distraction. so it's like you're still focused in. it's there, you're just not bothered too much, but you can definitely smell it. have you had any smells yet? yes. there's some smells, like it's... i can't tell you what that smell is. it'sjust smells like it's... it's kind of like flowers things. my students are watching me, so that's embarrassing. - all right. are you getting these smells? um, yeah... it's like a, i suppose, like a car exhaust. i it's quite immersive in that sense, like, i would you use it again? i think i would actually. yeah, it's a really cool piece l of technology that's been kind of embedded into this. it's really immersive, - i think it would work for a lot of games, not just driving simulations, as well. -

and it's notjust gaming that these are being used of research where these are being put to the test. trying to just create authentic virtual simulation. and one of the works we're also showing here today is that then you can use that as a way of determining how good a person is at distinguishing flavours. we can determine whether you've got alzheimer's well before, you know, you fail a memory test. so whether it's to help in hospitals, create smarter simulations, orjust make games more fun, i really did get that smell. that really smelt like i was in a car.

hello there. a rather grotty day for many of us on saturday, with low, grey cloud, drizzle, further outbreaks of rain, and some of that rain turned to snow over the tops of the hills in the colder air. a different story, though, further north and west. lots of blue sky and sunshine here in argyll and bute. it's just more of the same as we head through the next few brisk easterly wind. more low, grey cloud and some drizzle. further showers, but always sunnier in the north which we are set to keep, with high pressure out the wind picking up across the southern half of the uk as we head through the day on sunday. this is how we'll begin the morning. so where you see the map tinged in blue, a chance of a patchy frost. perhaps lows of minus seven degrees celsius underneath clear skies in the sheltered glens of scotland, but here

again, some hill fog. the cloud producing some drizzle, showers perhaps across east anglia. towards western wales and south—west england. but temperature wise, we won't make it much past 5—8 degrees celsius. a little less cold than on saturday, but more showers as that easterly wind picks up on sunday night this is how we'll begin the new working week, again with a bit of patchy frost, especially where we keep those clear skies in the north and the west. towards the north and the east. the easterly wind is picking up. it will drive in more showers. but some brighter skies, i think, for western wales, south—west england and certainly for northern western but a drop in temperature again in that now—colder—feeling air, to factor in too.

it's more of the same again on tuesday. plenty of cloud, some breaks in the cloud towards the west. england, but do keep an eye on the forecast here. celsius, so below the seasonal average, and there won't be too much improvement either as we head through the rest of the week. so we are set to stay in that colder air. perhaps something a bit brighter later on through the week. you can check the weather for your local area, of course, using our bbc weather app. bye for now.

live from london, this is bbc news. who were held hostage in gaza for nearly 500 days return home. israeli prime minister benjamin netanyahu says he's sending a delegation to qatar to continue gaza ceasefire talks — but insists he's still determined to eliminate hamas. in the southport knife

attack speak publicly for the first time. sir keir starmer sacks health minister andrew gwynne and one of the world's biggest sporting events returns in the super bowl. welcome to the programme. we start this hour in thailand where there have been emotional five thai farmworkers who were abducted during the october 7 attacks by hamas on israel have returned home, ten days after they were released. the five men were greeted by relatives at bangkok airport. they spent nearly 500 days in captivity. the attack were thais.