why such an interesting name, because there is a reference to the ophthalmologist's table, let's say, because as we all remember perfectly, coming on time. which place, we see the first row of shabba. this is what is closest to us, and in this case we, as musicians, who, while also performing the function of educators, we try. as a matter of fact, with their performance, with their programs, bring the audience closer to these masterpieces. come closer to understanding it. the touring carbonites have musical hooves sanurus minsky in the field of social projects and a child. jay husky classical and variety programs of hundreds of musicians are mobile and easily divided into a quartet of quints, instrumental and many outdoor concerts. it's in the region. these are some social projects and large projects from small to large forms from the new program about gil donorus will be able to get to know each other on the 23rd

of the year at the concert hall of the upper city on republicevich andrey novgorodtsev telenovin agency. that's all, and more, probably, about our site tvr-box happens with many evenings for the air. does the dish always turn out the same appetizing, as shown in the picture, the recipe for this dish, i chose from the photo, like many housewives. i'm just wondering what we can do together, prepare and test the most popular dish from the internet. here i was more interested in serving, because i have never cooked olivier in lavash and indeed it is very interesting. now i understand why the teenager liked this recipe, let's share the

secrets that will definitely come in handy for you in the basket kitchen. i generally liked my recommendations. how to cook them better? i am i advise you to cook them not in pita bread. and in the body, if you cook at home, gratin, beforehand, open the potatoes, and it will be delicious and quickly watch in the program for a week on belarus 24 tv channel. everything changes very quickly, time goes by imperceptibly minutes days of the year, we never have enough time to stop and think about those who are waiting for us at this very moment is worth remembering those without whom we will be so lonely on this earth, it's time to say, you

know, i miss or listen, dad right now, without putting it off for later, you need to say, i'm here, i'm around. appreciate the time you spend with your loved ones. they were discovered quite by accident a little more than 35 years later, the author of this sensational discovery was the first among physicists to receive the nobel prize. since then, the name of this scientist has become a household name about

what his wife said when she first saw her hand through, illuminated by x-rays, they must be told along with their discovery today in science. we will also tell you about it. and let's look globally at this interesting topic like x-rays. my name is ekaterina berskaya. hello, and look at the program. color in the midst of darkness, as wilhelmarentgen discovered his famous x-rays mri and ct fluorography what is the difference between the most informative studies of the human body, x-rays for recording music and shoe production, how they were used at different times in different countries, we will tell very soon. all accidents are not accidental if the physicist wilgel on an x-ray on november 8 , 1895, left work for 2 hours earlier, perhaps, the world would not have learned about the greatest discovery in more detail in the material of

my colleagues. on november 8, 1895, the physicist wilhelm x-ray, as always, worked in his laboratory until late, when he was about to leave it was dark and turned off all the instruments and the light noticed that the jar was filled with a transparent liquid. in one of the corners of the laboratory , a little green light began to glow, after thinking the x-ray noticed that in a hurry one device did not turn off the vacuum tube. after turning it off, the glow disappeared and the scientists began to study their accidental discovery. that the jar of liquid was at the other end of the room. this means that the vacuum tube emitted a special beam to test its properties. the physicist began to put various objects from paper, cardboard, glass and even wooden boards in his path. the beam passed through all these objects without the slightest difficulty in the process, his hand also fell into the beam's coverage area, what the scientists saw shocked him, he saw through his hand, and only the bones remained opaque after a

few days. he did the first research in the world of x-rays, photographing their random hand of his wife berta, this was followed by a lot of various experiments, the essence of which he revealed his scientific work, which gained great popularity in the physical and medical scientific community. this discovery made a splash and the new rays were named x-rays in honor of their discoverer for his work in 1901. roentgen received the nobel prize in physics. well, how to use x-rays in our time, we will find out from our first guest, he is already in nikita's studio hello nikita stepanyuk, employee of the research laboratory of ion-plasma modification of solids , faculty of physics, belarusian state university. tell us more about radiation in general. where do x-rays come from? and that they

are x- rays in general, they do not differ much in their essence. from, for example, ordinary visible light or from infrared radiation, and so on. the only difference is the frequency of this eigenradiation and, accordingly, the wavelength and the energy that x-rays cannot carry, respectively. they are the highest frequency after the known gamma radiation and at the same time are more acidic than the known ultraviolet radiation when moving from higher energy levels to low any electron emits an electromagnetic wave with one of the largest energy differences x- rays are formed. it has fairly low long wavelengths, and due to this, it is able , in general, to penetrate most materials known to us and thus help us in research and obtaining information medicine - this is the area where it is?

i think everyone knows that x-rays are used. i suggest you look into it right now. what is the difference between the well-known mri ct and fluorography? none of the types of diagnostics after a laboratory blood test and ultrasound examination of organs is used as often as follow-up ringgens . currently, various methods of x-ray examination are used - this means radiography fluoroscopy. this is digital radiography, as one of the research methods. where does fluorography belong? currently, all devices are fluorographic. these are digital x-ray machines that allow you to receive a digital image, e.g., transmitted to a computer and through. hence, obtaining such an image, the doctor can evaluate and

describe or genealogical picture. in the minsk center for phthisiopulmonology, and it is here that patients with lung diseases are treated, who are diagnosed using x-rays , they note that now classic devices with the use of x-ray film is beginning to become obsolete, they are gradually being replaced by digital x-ray machines, devices that generate ionizing radiation. on a digital x-ray machine, performing an examination on it, the patient receives a minimum dose of radiation exposure, which is only 500 milliliters with conventional radiography. the radiation load for the patient is 0.18 when performing a fluorographic study of 0.15 - there are also specialized x-ray machines for special studies. like who mammographer for examining the mammary glands of women,

x-ray machines are devices , e, orthopantomographs, which are used for hmm means panoramic pictures of a person's teeth. it is very convenient to perform to perform as the doctor can immediately evaluate everything, and the teeth that are in the patient. there are also computed tomographs, these are already devices that allow you to get layer-by-layer sections of the anatomical structures of the body, accurate detailing of the pathology, especially this type of study proved to be 100%, as doctors say, during the covidia pandemic, when simple scans of pneumonia didn't show. that's why last year. many state clinics were equipped with ct scanners, which we can generally see during x-ray studies. uh, lung

tumors in particular. these are infectious diseases , inflammatory diseases, including tuberculosis and pleurisy. uh, these are diseases. in general, organs, both lungs and pleura inside the thoracic lymph nodes of the mediastinum, that is, all this helps to reveal chest x-ray. well, i i don’t take it anymore that the best method for diagnosing the pathology of the musculoskeletal system is also x-ray studies, fractures, dislocations, the same tumors of bone tissues. everything. this is revealed in the first place, with meme biological studies, of course, the most popular x-ray study is fluorography, despite the fact that its cost is low. but the accuracy of the study at a good level allows you to see the disease in the initial

stages. and this is an excellent lung cancer screening in our country for the first time fluorography they do it at the age of 17, and then up to 40 years once every 3 years and after forty once every 2 years, especially doctors warn that it is not worth ignoring the passage of this study for those who cannot give up such a bad habit. like smoking, i would like to remind you that that very many lung diseases. in particular. these are malignant tumors. they are caused by smoking, especially in smokers with a long history of statistics. after quitting smoking, the lungs are restored and cleared within 9 years, that is, after the expiration. that's 9 years if not there were no serious diseases, there were already caused by tobacco consumption, otherwise you can

count on that and a future life with healthy lungs, but even in medicine the use of x-rays. that's probably fluorography ct and mri is not limited. or maybe you can tell us somewhere else and, in general, in which others the x-ray value is used today in exactly the same way as uh in medicine, for example, with its ability to obscure the film when shooting through the light of an object. it is also used for x-ray flaw detection. that is, when instead of exacting a person, we study in the same way, for example, or some other solid objects. that is, we see what defects there are, there are completely simple things and we can draw a conclusion about the applicability of this object to the application. you can also use x-rays, if we talk about the direct method, then in x-ray

diffractometry, for example, the x-ray wavelength is such that it allows it to degrade on crystals and in this way. we can scan the sample. e understand what type of grating and, well, what sizes according to the data? uh, the sample is directly tell about the elemental composition we certainly can not, however, using another method such. for example, x-ray spectral microanalysis, we can use it there, in general, indirectly. the fact is that the excitation of atoms occurs due to electron beams, as in an electron microscope, however, then these excited electrons in atoms begin to return to lower energy levels in the same way and radiate characteristics of x-ray radiation for each atom, the differences between these levels and, accordingly, the frequency of radiation are known, and therefore, by mutual intensity, you can determine how many what is the atom in a given number. in general, uh, here is x-ray radiation being investigated now and what are the main directions of these studies will expand the range of methods according to the

execution plan and their implementation. here, for example, it can be expanded, for example, the use in medicine directly for the treatment of a disease, and not only for diagnosis , new sources can be found. radiation, or more actively somehow used already known as, for example, braids there. the appearance of the same gamma radiation from, for example, with the loss of energy, when it becomes x-ray, in principle, there is still something to work on, but something global, probably, is hardly to be expected. nikita thank you very much. indeed, it's interesting and we have a scientific digest time, the most interesting facts about x-ray radiation from all over the planet right now. at the beginning of the 20th century in the usa, one enterprising shoe atelier, engaged in tailoring shoes for order, offered all buyers to take an x-ray of their feet in order to make them perfect, shoes that fit on the foot did not last long, since

it was discovered that radiation in such quantities causes health, irreparable harm in the ussr, forbidden music was recorded on x-rays called such homemade records, ribs, dances, on the bones, music lovers receive a thin record with one song lasting no more than 3.5 minutes. and such records diverged very quickly thanks to them. soviet youth, at least had an idea about other music, the most ordinary sticky tape, if unwinding it becomes a source of x-rays, scientists explain this phenomenon by the effect of three in luminescence. this phenomenon is due to the separation of charges. after all, asymmetric bonds in the crystal are destroyed. and the appearance occurs due to the re-connection of the same charges. murmuring we keep talking about x-rays in the next few minutes, x-rays of canvases by world-class artists,

as in the case of being used in art. what hides the famous black square of malevich and why law enforcement officers use x-rays in their work, we will find out in a few minutes.

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modest and hardworking. but if you get to know the belarusians better, find out what they live and breathe, what worries them and inspires them, what gives them vitality. i believe in myself and other people. it suddenly turns out that there is neither light nor charge to wake up, work hard on each of your flaws, overcome any difficulties with a smile on your face, be grateful to the new day. it is in the blood of every belarusian who passionately loves what he does and does what he loves. if

everyone knows about the use of x-rays in medicine, then they know about the use of this radiation in art , we will fill in a few gaps in knowledge today with an expert. take it. hello yury fedorovich moiseev, head of the laboratory of physical and chemical research of the department of scientific restoration workshops of the national art museum of belarus, why and why is x-ray radiation used in art? how does it help the opportunity to see the restorers. here we have a department called a department, and we refer to it before the work went on restoration. we do x-ray ultraviolet fixation, as the main indicator, it combines all of these in one place and gives restaurateurs ass pictures of such a degree, there is something down there, something

is not there, because, for example, they divided, which we restored then what we did with them. changes are shown there, that is, historical ones have changed some points, for example, i found that there armor. no, it is smeared, his hand just lies. and here his hand is already pointing at the armor, purely technically, that is, at first the artist wrote that here is the arm and the armor, and then he covered it up. yes, he changed his mind and changed badly, that is, historically it was no longer relevant. they sent it to another thread. and every artist has your handwriting, for example, here is an image of khrutsky. the fact is that he is in red light, for example, and we see x-rays, he worked first with a pencil, and then he made an image. here we need infrared money, we can trace it, how he changed. the fact is that many

works even began to draw. well, in such and such a profile, in such and such he did not like something. and we see on the x-ray that two faces are one somewhere in the direction of the other. here, how the latter already directly hits the face exactly, as in the picture, well, it also helps to find some sewing. here, for example, zhukovsky, we had a work for examination, it’s impossible, an old canvas, a work is painted on an old canvas . with that work to such subtlety, each petal of this painting russian coincides with this, but the fact is that the regen sees a torn canvas, she is a painting, because therefore the artist painted the torn canvas later on the whole work. and so it was determined that he could not repeat it. there was no need

to simply turn on the source, so every petal was every detail. first of all, it is consciousness. there he already knew how to draw, so there was no need to deal with such subtleties. therefore, just a copy, they started talking about the fact that x-rays shine through. you see everything and several layers. is it true that mona lisa is also in the picture several layers, and on the very first she did not smile, some sources. it is said that this also became known, thanks to the x-ray no, in the fifteenth year, since uh-huh. he just applied such a technique, he usually set the camera and a very bright light and the shooting went on in a few clicks. well, that is, the image is constantly light turned out so that it broke through the bottom layer. that is, there are several layers, that is, the artist will give more than one layer. and so he struck from what's inside. here he looked at the image, but it seems like the second image

no longer smiling. but the fact is that they themselves are engaged in obsolescence and monolysis, they say, it's just that he is the work of an artist. i looked at how he changed, the artist changed the image from the mona lisa figured it out. let's talk about malevich's black square, because also in some sources malevich's black square appears next to the theme of x-ray radiation , they settled on what is still below, if the image is different at all. well, yes, there is such an abstraction there. well, i'm very colorful color much more than it just reads, it just doesn't fit. i decided so, that is, at first malevich painted something bright in color, and then something went wrong and changed his mind. well, these are artists, too, their mood is one work is very different from the other. for the same khrutsky , for example, his portraits differ from

each other very much, because he just signed the tension. and now he managed to eat portraits, so one portrait of this part of the other is very strong, but we still go in, sometimes a russian portrait is somewhere around 5 back. there was also such a tattered hall with the image of the answers still cooked, something crunchy turned out from a technical point of view. that's how long this process is in general, here is the translucence of the picture in order to understand what is there in the very, very bottom. well, if we talk about our fact that we are a museum, you can say this. first, we also worked. it's just an x-ray device that's a work of art. a film is given on top of the image and the case is translucent from below, that is, we now have a digital one there. that is, there is no need. now the definition, firstly, relatively concerns harm, that is, it only hangs. we have it

according to the state. and as a photograph does, like this, we will now make a work. it's much faster this time. secondly, we, if a large work is also the same size, are all limited by the squares of a large work, and then we simply add it in the computer and we get a natural large image, good and with good and white printing. we have an almost native future. here, and here, in my opinion, yes, the research passport is completely another picture was here, here is an artist with us. uh, popov's abstract is called a different image. wow, and we had a very good woman, she could very well find everything historically, and she determined who this x-ray was. this is a woman. this is

mukhina's friend sculptor, in general, they painted everything, returning to our direct topic of the x-ray program - an alternative. here in the research in the art of x-rays appeared or still one of the most reliable works in the first place. already installed though a thousand times more. give better it does not work, yes, works and no. we can see everything, for example, the same work, which is duplicated on another canvas, for example, because the condition of this canvas was very bad. we see through the x-ray, that hulk is a real native and we see a lot of things there . i'm talking about the vision in the picture. so i can even say that the problem is in us with the laws, for example, well, what hmm shines through. the fact is that they are very poorly preserved. here is painting, it is better, but icons have a lot of losses, some clouding, everything is there and many do not

good such restorers, they corrected all this and changed it. now when some things shine through and you see that one image. with the fact that one smeared there , we need to talk, because our restorers, for example, they are very good. thank you very much, indeed. very interesting. we do not say goodbye our correspondent decided to find out what issues law enforcement officers solve with the help of x-rays. the satellite device has a special console on which the received images are displayed and recorded. it is very easy to use. this is how it turns on. this is our mobile table. it is very mobile in the horizontal plane, allowing us to move perpendicular directions in order to localize the

area we need, so forensic doctors move the device under the required area and get the right images. then we put on protection, after all, this is radiation. button we go in, put on protection, go behind the screen and press the button in this way, a picture is taken from the digital detector instantly via wi-fi information is sent to the computer. here, it is processed and then directly goes to the expert's personal computer. in this way. we can literally visualize the area we need in just a few minutes. experts use this method to study the corpses of objects of biological origin, for example, in the presence of fractures, an x-ray examination allows us to establish their localization, the type of mechanism of formation by the displacement of bone

fragments. we can even talk about the direction in which the traumatic impact, and this greatly facilitates later the answers to the questions of the decision, because often in the course of a sectional examination of the corpse. may be broken and modified. this is the location of the bone fragments. therefore, it is important for us to capture this before the sectional study. but it is of particular importance in forensics, it has to determine foreign objects in the body of pre-gunshot wounds. well, here you can clearly see that this is a bullet. well, here it seems that it is in the chest. and here you can see that it is under the skin of this blind field wound, that is, when the bullet remained in the human body, when examining clothes, it is also the x-ray that helps to find small folk particles. also, this method can be used when conducting an examination of newborn children.