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this word of latin origin came to us from the english language and for the first time in the scientific community sounded in the seventies of the last century. for years. and what is gender studies now? we will understand today in dalmania. my name is ekaterina brestskaya hello in the next half an hour. don't miss the passport. what functions does each of the genders perform in the family? why there was a need to create a new holiday of father's day and how and why gender is studied by sociologists of the academy of sciences and according to tradition before moving on to the main part of the program, i propose to look into the history of questions and understand the terminology. after

being a psychiatrist-psychologist and psychoanalyst carpenter in 1968, wrote the book gender and gender, it became clear that these concepts of sex and gender can be separated because the focus of research on this topic was aimed specifically at studying the socially constructed relations of groups defined by gender in russia. discrimination on the basis of gender was the subject of study at the moscow center for gender studies established in 1989. today, the issue of gender studies is much broader. these are social roles in the family and relationships between the sexes in society and much more. the only social institution that accompanies us throughout life is the family. what roles are assigned to each of the genders, we will find out an expert in the field of family policy? anna

good afternoon. good afternoon ekaterina anna iosifovna yashchuk candidate of economic sciences expert in the field of family policy and demography let's start with the family itself. yes, let's figure out what it is from a scientific point of view, a family is a whole institution from an economic standpoint - this is a separate the household. you can say so, but, of course, the family is a cell in which each of the members of this cell performs certain roles. and, probably, what social model this or that country adheres to, respectively, in a family in this country, a certain model will probably prevail, since it has already been said that in every country. yes, each region has its own model. this is what it is like in belarus and, uh, has it changed over the years for centuries? well, of course, firstly, if we take purely theoretical models that exist, there are various classifications. we will

not go into depth, but the models are classified depending on the degree of support for the participation of the state, namely the alignment of the so -called family policy. of these, it is directed and pursues its goals in the same way as there is a liberal model, which says that the minimum participation of the state, each family takes care of itself, and so on. well, some minimal help package is provided at the start, nothing more . uh, models like the social democratic is more, i guess scenario as it is social. this means that it is aimed at supporting various categories of citizens, which, nevertheless, concerns, well, without delving into the detailed classification, depending on the types of species , strange models can also be given there. we'll talk about our model. i believe, in general, that, despite the name of two identical models in two countries, each chooses for himself those priorities that are the most

basic reference main ones in the republic of belarus, indeed the main priority for the development of the entire state. these are the people population. accordingly, we can put an equal sign further, this is family policy, family policy. in my opinion. we are so active, let's say. so even i would call, perhaps, often already too active, and in terms of supporting families. this is definitely very good. but just recently , the head of state said that guys, we will help everyone who needs it, but let's think about it. is it worth it to everyone, in order not to hit dependency 12 types of benefits that pay this different opportunities for preferences for families with children, and a separate measure of support for families with many children, who now find themselves, which do not exist, in any country, probably in the world, and even our neighbors have a three-year maternity leave. yes , which we always say, as a distinctive

feature, therefore, certainly with our model. everything is clear, the model is focused on supporting families. and of course, if we talk, again put the arrow next. politics is the key to success, namely the solution of the problem of demographic security, then, of course, families with children - this is it an undeniable priority, going back, er, to the family itself, but with the role. uh, mothers in the family, as if everything is clear, but with this gender, but what about the role of the father on maternity leave of the pope. we are willing to go. i know that in sweden there is a record number of just men who take maternity leave and spend it with a child. on the one hand, the state is doing everything to ensure that these so -called gender roles, even in the family, are supported by law in terms of the fact that you know we have maternity leave, in which he can be, both mom and dad and in fact, other relatives and

grandparents, including such a practice, also exist in this part, as if the state fixes that both parents have every right to this, and to receive benefits. the question of how these mothers and fathers use the same care, according to recent studies , is, unfortunately, only about 2%, and these are fathers and partly even grandfathers. this is still a small percentage, but it seems to me that we just still adhered to such a traditional model of the family policy of family relationships, where it remains this priority is probably the load that well falls more into the first, at least 3 years on the mother. although as practice shows further. the older the child becomes, the more he takes part in the upbringing of the moments directly related to the development with additional education of children. here, the active one is already connected more. dad, i propose to take a short

break and go to the institute. sociology of the academy of sciences of belarus let's see what kind of gender studies are carried out there. gender studies are an interdisciplinary field that includes both women's and men's studies, as well as such a new direction as queer studies, if the object of the study is women, and we do not compare with men, then these are only women's studies that use the methodology of gender approach. for example, the social construction of sex, where the emphasis is on the activity of the subject, which precisely forms gender relations, and not just reproduces and assimilates them. how is it done in social learning theory. at institute of sociology, within the framework of public opinion monitoring, studies the population's perception of the distribution of gender roles in the family, the impact of gender stereotypes, as

well as equal opportunities for men and women in society. uh, for example, uh, according to the results of the last monitoring, which was conducted in june 22, and the consciousness of the majority of belarusians, both traditional ideas about the distribution of gender kings in the family and the egalitarian view are preserved, for example, the role of the keeper of the hearth is assigned to a woman, as well as maternity leave obligations for a man the role of the head of the family, however. already the role of a breadwinner, he shares with his wife, according to 55% of belarusians. you are in families and husband and wife equally . e, financially provide the family with the opinion of the inhabitants of belarus regarding the influence of marital status and the presence of children on the development of a professional career. e, divided as the majority believe that it is more difficult for a woman than for a man to combine family and professional responsibilities, but however, 47% believe that e motherhood makes it difficult for a woman to build a career, and only 9%

pointed out that fatherhood is an obstacle that deprives a man of building a career, but it is worth noting that the majority of the population is not divided. it is the patriarchal idea of ​​the position of women in science with such stereotypes as science is a male field of activity, or women are less competent, like most belarusian scientists. disagree. at the institute of sociology , the socio-professional status of women scientists is studied, in particular, the social well-being of women scientists. we have developed a methodology for studying the factors of social well-being of women scientists have identified the role of social well-being in improving and the effectiveness of women's scientific activities. the higher the social well-being of a woman scientists themes. eh, they rate their satisfaction with their work, productivity with their scientific activities higher, more oriented towards scientific careers. as a result of e typology, we have identified five types of women, scientists with different value and professional orientations, so

most academic women are focused on combining family and professional roles, we also study the civilization of scientific personnel, starting from the moment of creation. academy of sciences and until now , the spread of gender stereotypes in scientific environments, professional career orientation of young scientists and their motivation for entering science at the academy of sciences. uh, there are a lot of different events dedicated to gender issues. for example , in the eighteenth year. we held a section specifically dedicated to women in science and education within the framework of the international scientific conference in the nineteenth year, a number of trainings among young scientists to popularize gender knowledge and increase gender culture on various gender topics. there, issues such as the spread of hydraulic stereotypes of constructing gender roles were considered, as well as such complex topics as the spread of gender-based violence by bullying to the youth environment, its prevention measures and other

training data aroused a great discussion. interest among young scientists has already become a tradition since 2020 . international day of women and girls of science this year, on february 11, together with the primary organization of the belarusian union of women, the councils of the republic and the primary organization of the belarusian union of women of the academy of sciences led a round table, a modern woman. uh, education is a profession and career dedicated specifically to the international day of women in science. my name is ekaterina beretskaya, and today we are looking into the details of gender studies, stay with us and you will find out the policy of the state or social traditions, which has a greater impact on the family. gender

identity, at what age does understanding come and when at work everyone is equal, whether a purely male purely female profession will disappear in the near future, we will definitely find out soon.

the policy of the state or the foundations in society, what affects the family more? or is it generally impossible to somehow separate initially. these are, of course, the foundations formed over the years for decades, which are a priority for the development of a particular state, but how to preserve them is a question in order to preserve them, just the policy of the state should be aimed at supporting what

existed and what for us is the main policy of the state. here it is active in terms of support. she is really partially stimulating and shows that having a full-fledged family with children. everyone can count on help at the start. and the more we will promote and support family values, including through a lot dear media , if you see happy faces on the screen, families with children on any screensavers on advertisements of any products there, you already have it in your head from an early age. here's a class, this is the norm. i also want such a family, so the concept is inseparable , of course, and i once again support and emphasize that the model of a socially oriented state in our case , the number one priority is the family, these are seven people with children. let's discuss with you. uh,

another relatively new concept. well , in fact, gender studies are also such a story, quite young. yes, how gender identity genetics plays, a decisive role in this story, or again, the society and the family in which you live, studying various studies of our colleagues and doctors, including, i want to say that , after all, genetics is probably a small percentage. it really has certain features, but everything that concerns society, especially now the digital age of open information space is available to absolutely everyone , even a child with an unformed psyche. i think that, of course, this society is playing now. well, more significant the role and the environment, including the one in which this or that child grows up. this is also extremely important, but the question is that any person,

if some traditional things are laid down at the genetic level, then it is unlikely that 100% can be influenced, probably on his worldview , on him in various kinds of deviation changes. yes, and you can really do so that a person is completely reformatted to the question. what does he live in? i respect every person's choice. the only thing for something some not quite traditional things not broadcast and promoted and not of such an insistent nature that can, well, somehow at least sow doubts. let's assume that a young person or a child has not yet formed the psyche. that's just for this, the topic of gender identity , my colleagues, studied more from a psychologist. let's see already. the process of understanding

one's gender by a child occurs in early childhood, but already from 5-6 months the child. maybe in some way be guided by your gender, given that parents buy these or other toys are already tied to the sex of the child and, designating it at birth. so traditionally, it is customary for a boy to buy some blue things there or some, and the objects are already hmm obviously, which form it, you can already say male character traits, initially, which are laid already in the process of maturation, further polished and formed traditionally for our girls buy dolls or pink clothes in order to thus already indicate belonging to this is just a means designations, one or another gender . and as a rule, we traditionally adhere to those cultural values ​​that

are laid down with us and support, which we have passed down from time immemorial, and maybe this is a binding to one or another color from there, well, at the moment, color, in fact, such a special role no longer plays as he played the order. er, a few decades ago, but the trend is still there. and this, among other things , also plays this kind of these various scientific sources - this is a three-year-old child completely is aware of his gender, that is, fully aware of whether he is a girl or a boy. naturally, he has a certain need for communication and also confirmation of his acceptance, that is, confirmation of his god. that is why the boys begin to be interested in interacting with girls , to understand that you are in the structure in a different way, and girls also interact with boys. probably this is such a first mm object of communication. such a serious one, which will be a sufficient amount of competent conduct and then forms a mature personality. psychologically, it is the family that is laid down later, but the qualities and

values ​​that further develop as a mature personality and a plan. was there any other model of behavior so initially the first with whom and what the boys faced. it is natural with his family a boy should be a boy. it must perform some function. he must initially have some kind of model of the girl's behavior. naturally they are more feminine softer girls, here uh, they even have such a small bonus program. he is even allowed more than boys. because if we form a certain male model of behavior, then , uh, here, uh, some moral values ​​\u200b\u200bare initially laid down quite high, if we are talking about the psychology of formation, in general, male and female principles and boys and girls, then the boy’s self-esteem model is formed from his achievements. girl's self-esteem model. it is shaped by how beautiful she is, how accepted she is in this society, and first of all, the session is accepted. families.

perhaps there is also a difference up to three years again in the family. ah, adults are those guides who are our first teachers and guide children from our adult world and, accordingly, they say, look, this is a boy. this is his typewriter, this is the girl she has dolls , these are toys. but then you grow up and become a grandmother or there you become a mother, you will become, and in the future you will become a grandmother and this is around, these trends continue to grow up again, and this is postponed , laid down in the child’s psyche, as the formation of a behavior model in the future , a female behavior model or a male behavior model. global trends in gender studies of gender policy in family policy, you are confidently studying the

same international experience. and usually they say there is always something good to take, yes, and so on. that's what's there, but it was n't always there either. uh, they also somehow came to this, or there, as they say, it was always freer, these trends, fashion appeared, well, no more than 10-15 years ago, because in terms of a very large number scandinavian countries specifically on family policy, on the measures taken by the state. we very often equaled and indeed. i'm talking about economic incentives to support families . yes, i'm now saying there's more to look at and, uh, try to apply more actively here. yes, what tools can be used, but why did it happen to find, probably, the answer to this question is extremely difficult, the world is changing and there is a

concept, probably, this is the so-called fashion for many things, everything that is new is incomprehensible pay attention to it. and you can pay attention in order to see how it would be for yourself and evaluate the most important thing, so that everything becomes at the stage of interest. yes, because we cannot and do not need to close this space. this will cause denial and forbidden fruit. it will always be sweet to try to explain the question, correctly unobtrusively, that indeed everyone chooses their own path and everyone has their own path of development, but at the same time explaining in a little more detail what kind of childhood this can bring, we cannot stay, even having its own model and its priorities are clear. oh, by the way, the latest changes to the constitution that were made concerned, including the family, unfortunately, some category of our highly respected citizens did not

understand. why is it that it was indicated that the family is the marriage of a man and a woman, but why this is so, of course. and uh, that made me very happy. and it's great that we understand this. yes, it’s clear, yes, just in case, to prescribe, therefore, as far as our policy is concerned, everything is clear, but we cannot stand aside, but from what is happening in general in the world. what are the changes in the so -called fashion trends? i would call them that and, of course, now we must clearly understand that we must adhere to those traditional family values ​​that have been formed in our country for decades. i would very much like our society to stay as long as possible in terms of these newfangled trends more traditionally as an expert in the field of family policy. what do you think is the right time to pay attention? it seems to me that the support is already comprehensive. but maybe someone

we still need to support those whom we don’t support now, what is missing. really. pay attention to very young people. and if we are talking about an absolutely proven policy focused on supporting large families, now the emphasis has been shifted to supporting a two- child family. that's right, because, well, it's in between so many children. i say this all the time, but in my opinion, given the delayed parenthood of increasing the age of marriage, which many people say, well, cool, conscious, i support, i guess, but i'm still thinking about when will we give birth to children, if we get married , yes, at the age of 30 and of course, please note. for this category of very young guys, you just need to suggest unobtrusively that the family is cool. this is cool. and you can be just as cool to develop, get an education, build a career, achieve everything

in life together, having children. it will be even more valuable. just with good examples, but not to push, but to show how it can be and returning to the immediate topic of our gender program. yes, do you think it's clean? women's purely masculine professions? eh, in the near future? this line will be erased, or still something, what men do, women are not pulled up. although, of course, i doubt it, i think more about the fact that men, most likely, some women's professions will not reach out, there have always been and will be all professions that are simply impossible, taking into account our physiological and physical capabilities. small woman with one profession or another and even if she wants to take a chance, then here again the state, which is responsible for each of us says, listen, this is great, of course, but still not worth it, so every year the list of professions that women are not allowed is revised,

or we already say that yes, the man is physically even stronger and really this the list is being reduced, but i believe that this line must necessarily be, these distinctions must remain, taking into account the characteristics of necessarily physiological, physiological and physical capabilities. yes anna thank you very much. i wish you good luck our program came to end see you on the air.