nothing valentina vasilievna director of the national institute of education i want to talk about the code of the republic of belarus on education and the state school standard, which came into force on september 1 , 2022. hello , on the air, the program, say, do not be silent in the studio, victoria popova and tatyana shcherbina and at a party. today we have valentina genchuk and we will talk about education. hello. good

afternoon. hello valentina vasilievna, on september 1, a new code on education came into force and, in particular, it says compulsory general secondary education. this is what, in general, well, somehow everyone raised, so to speak, to knowledge. yes, that's it, they say, necessarily , and one of the parents began to resent that they say. and if my child has completed the ninth grade, and then wants to go to college, ah, he still must complete the 11th grade no. in this case, we are talking about mastering the program of general secondary education, and it can be mastered as a secondary school in a gymnasium in a lyceum in a college in an institution of secondary specialized and vocational education, and we are talking about the fact that a general secondary education must be obtained and, in principle, in this norm of the code in education there is a big innovation. no, because it consolidated the practice that has

existed in our republic for a long time, that is, statistics show that almost all graduates of basic schools necessarily receive a general secondary education, but in their own way, somewhere around 60%, that is, 2 /3 goes to tenth grade. institution of general secondary education and 30 per cent go to an institution of vocational and secondary specialized education. and those rare exceptions that do not fall into either the first category or the other, they then receive a general secondary education either in evening classes, or, uh, in the form of an external student. that is, in any case, the general secondary education it existed. but now it is enshrined in quality norms. he both education still exists evening school. uh, evening classes can get educated. yes, but you can go to work after the ninth grade. in principle, of course you can, because serfdom, as such, does not

exist, but then let's think about the socialization of this student, who decides that nine classes are enough for him and, accordingly, he has already been trained in everything and will go to work, maybe at some stage this will suit him, but for successful socialization in society today, you still need a diploma of education, and hmm, this basic education that you get when you finish the ninth grade of high school is still not enough. and so, perhaps, you can just sympathize with such a person, who decides that i won't study anymore , i would still advise getting a general secondary education. you know how it is. he worked, then decided to find himself decided where you want. maybe it’s possible to give such a person, of course, it’s possible, but it’s just that we still come to the conclusion that a general secondary education will be received. come on your educational trajectory as we speak. and what now will not be such cases? like, let's say it was at the time when

i was studying that, well, there are in the class, very students who are far behind, or at least one per class, but such that he does not invest knowledge in him. they do not stay there and the whole school pulled him up to the ninth grade and exhaled with delight when he finally left this educational institution. that is, now this school will drag here what is called until the eleventh grade. no, not necessarily. we recommend to students. consider pursuing a profession, well in vocational education institutions in those today. it will be one type the college is called and the only thing that colleges will implement the program of both vocational education and secondary education and we recommend getting a profession, but at the same time with a profession. here you can get a general secondary education and you can return to this college at any time. uh, to get a general secondary education. yes, of course, at the age of 20 you can, if well, in principle, it is not forbidden

to study at the upper age limit. you can spend your whole life moreover, today we are talking about continuous education, then there is, this is the situation in which when you were we that you need to choose a profession once for life and, accordingly, you can’t make a mistake in any case with a university or other educational institution. she is already today, uh, gone. today we are talking about continuing education and, uh, the sociological studies that are being carried out. they show that every adult today, in principle, will have to get some other profession. i have dynamic and accordingly. that continuous education is not a profession for life, namely lifelong learning, some are implemented in practice through a system of advanced training through additional institutions of additional education for adults. through pre-training and, accordingly, uh, here a person

receives either some certificates of education or diplomas, depending on where he decides to go . here you would call the most important in the new code. well, in general, it should be noted that in the new edition of the code, which we are now talking about, there are more than 200 changes and, probably, it will be more correct if i talk about the level of education for which the national institute of education is responsible. in this case, general secondary education in general secondary. here, uh, i would probably note, well, there are two or three fundamental changes. this is the change with which we started the conversation, that is, according to the new version of the code , a general secondary education is mandatory for everyone. we have already spoken. what are the options. and that it's not necessary to stay in high school you can get general secondary education while receiving a profession at the same time. here, the second. in my

opinion, fundamental changes. this is that the principle of inclusion in education is included in the principles of state policy in the field of education . uh, this principle allows you to give equal access to education. all children with different individual needs , requests with different cognitive abilities. and here under this category are children with different individual needs and different cognitive abilities. today it is interpreted very broadly. is not only those children that we used to call children with e. hmm, with the peculiarities of psychophysical development , gifted talented children fall into the category of children with individual needs, including when we talk about the implementation of the principle of inclusion in education , it means that all individual educational needs and opportunities will be taken into account, for example, from 2018 . in our country, a

republican experiment was conducted, in which educational programs were tested. and uh, the principle of inclusion was implemented, namely children with offr. uh, the experiment is over . a rather effective model has been revealed, which is recommended for implementation in mass practice. but here i would like to emphasize that if we are talking about the implementation of the principle of inclusion in education, it is very important here that all participants in the educational process have a tolerant attitude towards each other, parents and parents and children who can be cruel and teachers. and the formation of this tolerant culture is , of course, an important factor in the effective implementation of this principle of inclusiveness in learning. well, probably the third one. i would say that we have changed the rules for admission to the gymnasium in the tenth grade of the gymnasium, which means, er. hmm, according to your earlier

rules, those students who studied at the gymnasium from the fifth to the ninth grade moved to the tenth grade at my gymnasium. now the selection will be carried out in the tenth grade of the gymnasium on the basis of a certificate of basic education and the marks that the student received in those academic subjects that in the tenth and eleventh grade, he will study at an advanced level, in principle, such selection rules existed in specialized classes of secondary school and a rule was introduced that the average score of a certificate of basic education should be at least seven points and for those academic subjects that will be studied at an advanced level, there should also be at least seven points. but one more thing, to which so many parents. they say this is what you can now send your child to school from the age of 5. isn't it too early, you know? and this norm of the code , which is fixed, since september 1,

it must be treated as it is not necessarily permissive, that is, it does not oblige to give the child at 5 years old, after all, the age that was determined earlier than 6 years old for entering school is more optimal, but the introduction of this norm is due to the fact that there were a lot of requests from parents who they asked for permission to send the child to school earlier and the code allows, that is, you can take the child to school if he turns 6 years old not on september 1, but turns before the end of the calendar year in which he wants to go to school, but i would advise parents. if it is permissible for me to take this decision very carefully. why because it seems to them that my child can read and write it's time to go to school, even if he can do it at the age of 5, but this is enough to be

successful at school psychologically, he must psychologically mature intellectually , social and communicative readiness must be there should be motivation when i ask my parents. and why do you give a child at 5, he likes it so much in a briefcase and put school supplies there, but this not enough the child should be ready to concentrate on studying for a certain time of 45 minutes of a lesson or there in the first grade, maybe a little less, but he must work concentrated and learn new information. he must be psychologically prepared for this. but just by external attributes, you like a school uniform or like it, a school bag is not enough. and, of course, he must be ready for social communication. he must be ready to communicate with peers and with a teacher, that is, with an adult far from mom and dad, and this, too, is

a certain readiness, so the decision of parents about how old to send to school should be taken very consciously for fashion, if it seems to them that this is a fashionable trend to send the child to school earlier, it is not worth chasing . yes, in this case, again, from my environment, and then they regretted it when they gave it away early, saying that it would be better not to do it. i was clarified about inclusion. now, if a child is autistic, can he now study at school with ordinary children such and such? yes , and how she has proven herself includes, and now the new code allows you to create. uh, so-called coeducational classes. what does a co-educational class mean? you may have heard that in our institutions of general secondary education there are so-called integrated classes, er, classes for integrated education and upbringing. uh, and the new code is allowed to take classes in joint education how do these two

classes differ in integrated classes children with different categories of psychophysical development, but they will study according to their programs and such programs are developed at the national institute of education. they were implemented and are being implemented today in educational practice. but this class of joint education will mean that there are also different categories of children, but they will study under general secondary education programs and receive what we call licensed education. and this, respectively, was a tradition. yes, including, again, we have a category of children with a safe intellect, which is quite can study the program of general secondary education. well it works. here from the eighteenth year. the experiment showed that yes. this is possible and this model can be implemented in the educational process. i would also like to discuss with you a new form of knowledge assessment, but there will be non-centralized testing. a centralized exam. yes

, this is also one of the items one of the innovations. let's hear what the minister of education said about this new uniform. andrei ivanets, indeed the possibility of such an integrated on the one hand final exam. e from high school, and on the other hand stepping on university exams. that's enough. eh, new. uh, the shape of the drain of our country. and, of course, we found that for quite a long time a decision was not made immediately, but the introduction of such a form of final certification, but today i must say that, uh, there are at least two serious tasks. by doing this , we are solving the first problem, of course, reducing the burden on the graduate. well, we understand, if today a graduate takes the final exam, the annual exam for the course of the general secondary school, then why should he then go a second time take centralized testing for admission to a university, because this is the same subject and for which, twice with a gap of 2 weeks. guys stress, so the combination of the final attestation at the school and the entrance

one of the entrance exams to the university, of course, is a significant relief of the burden on our graduates on the other hand. well , let's be honest. this is a very powerful motivation for teachers, each teacher will understand that it is not the final grade that was set for the year, but an absolutely objective e in the form of an arithmetic mean annual and centralized examination. go to the graduate school leaving certificate. here is the minister, so to speak, substantiated. why such a decision was made, and the parents are worried. in what form this centralized exam will take place, we will immediately decide that the form of holding the final exam in the eleventh grade and entrance exams to the university is the issue that is today on behalf of the head of state. it is still being worked on and the final decision will be made here. nearest time after study including

public opinion and the pedagogical community and the parent community , round tables are held . questioning is conducted in order to understand what both parents and teachers want, but the question of a centralized exam in the form in which this issue has been worked out over the past year. we talked about the fact that the centralized exam will be taken in the form of centralized testing. that is, it will be a test, and, but we are talking about various variations of the test, various tests have also taken place in recent years. changes and decreased. e, somewhere the number of tasks increased, somewhere the number of tasks decreased. today we are talking about the fact that part b, and tests in which you just need to choose one of the proposed answers will be e, the number of these tasks will decrease, and part b of the tests that must be entered. your answer, though brief, but your answer, it

will increase. so we are talking about the fact that in the test, since this is a centralized exam, which combines both the final exam and the entrance exam, then the function of the centralized exam, despite the fact that the form is still slightly different than the centralized testing. here is the centralized testing, as the entrance examination function was one to select the strongest to enter the air, and from the centralized examination, as the combined forms of both the final examination and the entrance function, one more is added to evaluate the knowledge of students obtained for the high school course, but i agree completely with andrey ivanovich that the introduction of a centralized examination. it will, uh, ease the burden on the students, 'cause now they have to take one. an exam, for example, in russian or in belarusian

, at the choice of students, the student, having passed this exam, will also receive a mark in the certificate of general secondary education. he will receive a certificate on a hundred-point scale and will be able to provide this certificate upon admission to the desired university and he will no longer need to retake centralized testing in russian or belarusian, so a centralized exam is a reduction in the burden on students. and, of course, one cannot but agree that this is an increase in the objectivity of assessment, because all the students of the country of the eleventh grade will take the exam on the same tasks and check them, they will be conditionally speaking a computer and, accordingly, the mark that the student will receive . it will be derived on the basis of uniform criteria throughout the country. well , that is, all this will not happen in writing . eh, that's how it was in my time. a personal conversation with a teacher. who takes the exam. if we're talking about

centralized exam is about this form, then at least today it is planned that it will be a test. but when we talk about the introductory campaign in general, today we are considering the option that the introductory campaign will be in the university, for example, it will include several centralized exams that the student will take at the exit from the school. and, accordingly, these centralized exams will be combined. that is, they will receive a mark, and in the certificate and certificate on a 100 point scale, and today as one of the elements of the introductory company is considering this internal importation exam, which will be conducted orally , as we have a profile subject. each university has its own specialized subjects. somewhere you need to take physics, mathematics, somewhere you need to take chemistry and biology, for example, you said that it is still re. that is, we are talking hypothetically. yes

, the final decision. this is the option that was discussed during the round tables in the course. uh, a meeting with the teaching community and with parents, but the final decision will be made here in the near future. if, for example, you say, he passes the child passes the centralized exam and, uh, the same grade uh, is, as it were, suitable for entering a university if he doesn’t enter a year this year, well, he doesn’t want to enter. and in a year it is for this year. e hmm, i learned a little, i accumulated knowledge, the score will remain the same, yes according to the instructions that exist today for conducting a centralized exam , it is assumed that the result obtained is included in the centralized exam remains valid until the end of the calendar year following the year of passing the centralized exam. and if in 3 years it will be necessary to retake in

this case, uh, we are talking about the fact that centralized testing will also be preserved, that is, a centralized exam does not completely replace centralized testing, because all the time every year there is a category of applicants, who enter after many years because they decided that they need to get a higher education or enter after others educational institutions, the centralized exam includes e questions to test the knowledge and skills that students have acquired at the basic level of studying the subject. this means that those questions that are studied at an advanced level of study of the subject in the centralized exam are not checked. let's take a break, i remind you, we have a telegram channel. say don't be silent. subscribe to ask questions. invite us guests we are in touch. on the air i

say again, do not be silent. and today our guest is the director of the national institute education valentina genchuk. with your help. in the first part, we found out that there are specialized classes, basic classes appeared, but here is the situation, for example, a child of 9 years old went to one school, it turns out that the tenth grade in this school will be specialized, and he does not pass the exams there, what should i do? let's note right away that it is an educational institution, in which there can only be specialized classes, definitely a gymnasium and a lyceum. there are only specialized classes in a regular high school. e at the request of parents and students along with specialized classes a base class is formed in which all subjects are studied at a basic level and a subject is studied. labor training, in which apprentices acquire a profession. passing an exam in this subject. you can even get a diploma. relevant. of course there are selection rules for

specialized classes. they are the same as in principle. in the gymnasium and lyceum classes, in order to get into the profile class, you must have the appropriate average score of a certificate of basic education. it's seven points and not less than seven points for each academic subject, which in the profile class will be studied at an advanced level, this rule and they must be observed, and therefore the student, who and the parents, respectively, whom they want their son to get into. perspective in profile on the class should think about it even in the ninth grade in the first advance, and thus stimulate and motivate him to study subjects accordingly. well, you know, let's say the school my son goes to. uh, they had two ninth grades. it's just a school. is not a gymnasium, not a lyceum, and then it turns out that there will be only one tenth grade, and it will be specialized, and there are several profiles there

, someone wanted to choose a language, who is mathematics and uh, what should those children do, uh, who didn’t get seven points, that is, the child goes according to the registration. uh, close to home. everything is convenient, but there is only one class, and i will repeat that it is a regular high school class. mm, the basic ones, in which everything is studied at a basic level, has not been canceled, but in this case it would be possible to go to a neighboring school, for example, to try go. well, that is, there is an option, but just go and it seems to me that everything is new. well, the forgotten old, because we are always in the ninth grade, but our children were determined somewhere according to the profile, if you wanted to and moved in the ninth grade, you can already drive away from home to another school. excuse me, but another topic that also causes a lot. uh, let's say discussions on the sixth day of school. eh, why do parents cause only a lot of negativity? i remember let's assume. i

always had six lessons on saturdays in the ninth grade. yes and moreover, of them it was mathematics and somehow it didn’t even occur to be indignant, therefore, about it. i also studied at a time when there was a six-day school week and, accordingly, no disturbances. well, earlier parents did not resent either textbooks or school programs. yes, u about the sixth day of school. yes , today we have uh, and not only today, for, in my opinion, it has existed for 20 years. e six-day school week, of which 5 days are at the bottom and the so-called sixth school day, which is implemented by the program education. and i think that when you say that this causes negativity in parents, then, probably, i can say that most likely it is not the sixth school day itself that causes negativity, but its organization, which is carried out by educational institutions, because i have many examples of parents who are very satisfied and

students who are very satisfied and on the sixth day of school they are happy to attend all the opportunities that are organized by the school. today. these are not only circles and not only sections today. uh, on the sixth day of school you can conduct extracurricular activities and not only in high school, but from the fifth to the eleventh grade today is the sixth school day - this is the time when parents who are very busy at work during the work week and leave early and late. it will be the sixth school day - this is the time when you can go talk to the teacher with the class teacher, if i see any problems with my child, go and ask for help with some educational problems, but the sixth school day. wanted so that parents perceive it as a good help in the upbringing and development of the child, because these are great opportunities for the same sections. they're free. eh, the same

circles are the development of various creative intellectual abilities for the student. a large place is occupied by sports work and various sports section and events. and i would like parents to understand that the school provides a reliable shoulder in the upbringing and development of children. it is very important that today parents and teachers do not perceive each other friend. as some rivals and competitors, these conversations are about who should raise the child. they do not have, let's say, some constructive solution to disputes on this topic, because both the school and the family should raise the child together. there are questions that should be put in the mind of a child in a family, when i sometimes hear in transport, for example, uh, the child did not give in instead of an elderly person, and i hear. what

do they teach you at school? in this situation, i always want to object that the relationship to an adult to an elderly person should still teach the family, because it is in the family that there are adults. mom is an adult, dad grandparents blame the school. they confess that it's my fault, and on the sixth day of school, the school provides a reliable shoulder and helps both educate and educate, uh, parents should look at it that way. well, of course, i agree that a lot depends on the school. because in those schools where it is organized in an interesting way, children go with pleasure. and there is no negativity on the sixth day of school . another novelty is remote education at school. eh, probably the pandemic threw us, but today this trend is fixed, as i understand it in the code, as an independent form of education. do you think there are pros and cons to this? i will

immediately point out that when we talk about the distance format of education, we are talking about the level of higher education and additional education for adults, as regards the level of general secondary education. we're talking about using remote forms. e, the organization of the educational process, that is, distance education. somehow there is no one at the level of general secondary education and the code is not fixed. but the use of some remote technologies is, of course, possible in the educational process, when we faced, uh, the same pandemic with the spread of the virus, we allowed students to stay at home for some time, but nevertheless, the educational process did not stop hmm na my opinion. this may be some kind of exceptional phenomenon and