it will turn aside today, because apparently the italians voted precisely for such a politician who could bring their voice to a higher level, the italians voted, also for politicians who did not discredit themselves during the last years of sixty in the forty-sixth year of the right was not on the right was not, but the appearance of berlusconi how many questions around him? yes, please, i have such a moment there are two visions of the future. yes. one classic is that, the very family is the union of a man and a woman who have the opportunity parents cost two or more children when this formula was the main income was obtained from real production. today the main income in the big world. this is financial speculation. for them, the family is a union, men and women are bad. you understand, well, if you have three children, you will divide your fortune into three. the fund will decrease, you will be able to

operate with less money, the next generation is offered a different future at the most global level, why in all countries? why do football players have these armbands, because football is a very popular sport, that’s why everything. it's just like a billboard, like, uh, if everyone loved it so much, i don't know what a frisbee plate is. yes, people would run with a frisbee with armbands, what is important is that there is a different vision of the future, namely a person, an atamar unit, cut off from the family, a fund participant as an economic relationship and a mobile mobile, moving from country to country, crossing borders, changing professions, changing sex, changing everything else according to economic necessity, and here is an advertisement for this. in the future, huge amounts of money are invested in it through medicine, and our countries are still, they say, no, we

will be like our grandfathers and know that this is bad. this is bad advertising. it's just to be like our grandfathers. this is bad publicity to invest in medicine, and so that young people want to continue to have and have real benefits from staying in the classical tune. by the way, she is inside her own party. pursuing this policy, it really relies on the fact that italians are catholics, they are used to being catholics, but if in two generations there will be a need and will honestly invest money, they will change catholicism for something more acceptable common european especially since the catholic church will think about how to keep its own image around the world and it's not just immigrants plus a blur for it. you understand, this future is advertised and a lot of money is being invested in this future until we

advertise. yes? yes, it sounds bad, but as long as we do not advertise our values. our values ​​will lose. thank you now everything that happens in the world should be considered from my point of view exclusively as a struggle for good and evil. that's why this is all, uh, cleavage sodomy propaganda, that's all. eh, means aimed at ensuring that evil wins. well, in fairy tales, in fairy tales, good always wins, but as it turns out, it really depends on each of us. there is no need to ask what the country has done for you, as the famous american politician used to say. tell me what you have done for the country. thank you for participating in this conversation, i thank our viewers, including those who thought with us for today, everything is happy.

the president of belarus held a meeting today on military security issues. the first message is that there are no emergency circumstances, belarus does not give rise to speculation regarding military preparations, however, it adequately responds to the aggravation of the situation near the borders. the west deployed active support for the kiev regime, thereby aggravating the conflict from the united states and european countries continue to supply equipment. today in europe there is a thirty -five thousandth grouping of nato troops, 25,000 of this contingent near the belarusian borders, they are

concentrating forces just tens of kilometers away. lithuania, latvia and poland see this and take into account our military, as well as the ukrainian 11,000th group. in the media field, fugitive radicals became more active under such conditions. we must be prepared for any scenario and objectively assess the threats. in belarus, russia resolved the issue with the tax maneuver, we are talking about reverse excise taxes in the oil sector, which was discussed for a long time on the eve of an agreement was signed in moscow on uniform principles for levying indirect taxes. the document was endorsed by the minister of finance of the two countries after negotiations between government delegations. also in moscow, all 14 investment programs were agreed upon. we are talking about the creation of new products that are necessary for the market in belarus. russia has actively joined this process. belarusian manufacturers of mechanical engineering. italian business is interested in strengthening cooperation with belarusian companies, despite the difficult geopolitical background, the prospects for

trade and economic partnership were discussed in march at a meeting with the leadership of one of the largest trading houses in italy on the agenda supplies of critical food imports to our country food production using italian technologies for the development of the restaurant business, business, in general, is interested in increasing its cooperation with our country. they see that the situation is calm here, that peaceful people live here, that the economy is developing further. and that for business it is for this particular business that it is necessary to be normal. eh, normal good. uh, it means an atmosphere for development, so business is interested. today we see that im politically on italy in italy there were new elections. we hope that the right-wing coalition will be more sensible about the situation that exists today and we hope that this very message will also work in favor of our country of our cooperation. the minister noted the weakening of the euro today in hand in the purchase of critical imports from the eurozone for this purpose, the parties will also hold a series of

negotiations. more than 1,200 families with many children in minsk will be sent this year to improve their living conditions, about 70% of them are already preparing for the new year. in addition, 300 apartments are provided for the waiting list of the general group. also, before the end of the year, the construction of new facilities will begin, nine new buildings will appear in the leninsky frunzensky and sovetsky districts of the capital to improve the living conditions of minsk residents, construction is underway in smolevichi this year for those on the waiting list in the city, satellites of the planned reduction of two houses for 325 apartments. today's heating has begun to be supplied to the public and administrative building of the industrial and other organizations of minsk , such a decision was made by the minsk city executive committee. it the final stage of the heating company heat came to the social institution on september 20, and to the housing stock on september 28. the influenza vaccination campaign continues in belarus plans to vaccinate more than 40% of the population. doctors

use two drugs russian grippol plus and french vaxigript tetra and note the activity of citizens so in polyclinic number one in minsk only in the first days of the month more than 70 people were vaccinated, vaccination against influenza is recommended to virtually all segments of the population in the first place. it healthcare workers for people with chronic diseases, and pregnant women and children to be vaccinated against influenza and coronavirus. it is possible at the same time the effectiveness of the drugs does not decrease. herbal preparations aromabox sachets and postcards in the village of grabovka, gomel district, schoolchildren organized a business project raw materials for eco -products are harvested by themselves. children find through the internet, the proceeds go to the development of a rural school, so that the sale of products is maximized an effective circle of young entrepreneurs appeared in the institution. here, step by step, students learn the basics of business plus a rural school,

probably because we communicate more closely with children. we don't have small classes and, uh, the teacher sees each child practically works individually. and roma products is not the only eco-project implemented at the school for environmental education classes. here passes in the indoor garden. there are no desks and an educational board, only animals and plants start exactly in a month, 28 minsk international this year's leaf fall film festival gathered more than 1,100 entries from 89 countries, including nine belarusian works for the evaluation of competitive films. in each of the four nominations, a special international jury was created . animated films competition is held this year, for the first time the best selected works and their creators will be awarded prizes , diplomas, among which two special prizes of the president of the republic of belarus films shown during the

festival will be available to view wide audience. they can be seen not only in the capital, but also in the regions of belarus. the festival will begin on november 4 and will last for a week.

the hero city, minsk is not only the capital of belarus and the largest administrative cultural and scientific center, but also an ancient city with a rich history that has its own secrets and mysteries . the first mention in the annals, minsk is first found on the pages of written sources. even 80 years before the appearance of information about moscow, the chronicler tells about the events of 167, they are connected with the bloody battle on the nemega between the troops of the polotsk prince vseslav the sorcerer and

the heirs of the kiev prince and yaroslav the wise. this is not a chronicle of the city, but written records of ancient minsk are very few. they only give a fairly schematic representation of the city and its history, which causes many years of controversy among scientists about the place of its original location . academician yasinsky showed years and footmen why in 1945 archaeologists began to actively excavate on the territory of the minsk castle during the war that territory? uh was badly damaged by the bombings. in general, she suffered from the bombing in the forty- first to forty-four years, which

contributes to the construction of a new castle on nemiga, the new prince. a new principality with a new capital was given a dentry-chronological analysis, and ivan was tired that the forest for pobudy, towering about torment, was cut down by the velmikh. mejevany is a chronological term that they say scientists, and the mythical city of the bottom of the gate has the records of cities near and far of the fourteenth century and the help of the nemedra with the days, zayu, the city of minsk also rejoices . here it was revealed the minsk gates, the minsk gate . see how our capital was born right now.

as scientists suggest, it was here at the confluence of the svisloch and nemiga rivers that the site of primitive people was located. during arcological excavations, they say that human settlements existed on the territory of modern minsk 15,000 years ago, and objects that date back to the stone age were found on the territory of the minsk castle. there is a separate nakhodka which belongs to the period of the bronze age. and even, probably, the time is not alita, that is, the new stone age. vadim koshman head of the center for archeology of belarus

of the institute of history of the national academy of sciences of belarus candidate of historical sciences. these are first of all finds, and the so-called accidental discovery of stone axes from this period. there are finds of flint tools . there are finds of ceramics. of course, this does not mean that dima put an equal sign between the first settlements that appeared on this territory and modern minsk, nevertheless. this area is certainly rich in its rivers and river tributaries. it attracted people and life existed here at all times, according to your point , its intensity was certainly different, and already the most active growth, minsk itself and what we associate with chronicles minsk begins. here at the end of the eleventh beginning of the twelfth century. one of the most mysterious events in the history of minsk

remains the battle on nemiga, it is from this legendary battle that took place on march 3, 1067 that the documentary begins. the history of our capital is great. sorry. it was tragic in theory, the history of our city sergey tarasov archaeologist historian writer ph.d. to give myself such as to say understanding that yes. this was already a hubbub, that is, it was populists, secondary to the genie-chronicle of the city, and not a physical indefatigable attack. on you, the carnal land of the cold city of polotsk, there is still the prince from the slauchered polina kurlovich,

head of the department of archeology and special historical disciplines of the belarusian state university, and he, along the way, did not take it because of the slavs. this is ah-ah on schatki. uh, rakhmety deka was the wife of prince vladimir , only the most in vladimir, and crunched russia with three, well, the school of chumpy dream book with the name the omnislav of the sorcerer is associated with the whole epoch as the most famous prince of polotsk, he is already haunted by glory and legends during his lifetime, and his long reign for 57 years is marked by the completion of the construction of st. sophia cathedral and polotsk yuna begins, in principle, with hours. but this tail sent by bratislava spend such a dose on their own, and the clarification yes of the kiev princes and, er, the prince exiled was not an

exclusion. well, that's right, he took it off here. e on the inlays on that territory than you click it because of this or that of the kiev princes of temporary years raised an army in polotsk, the all-slav son in the speech slava and occupied novgorod, the three yaroslavichs izyasla svyatoslav vsevolod, having gathered soldiers, went to all glory in the great frost and approached minsk and minchania shut themselves up in the city, there was such a strip prince slava attacked the city, burned the city and he himself vyrodonerovskogo end. and behind the novgorod sophia, as the chronicler writes and the chandelier, and uh, he took off the ringing bells, you see, he didn’t hit his sophia with a strip and then, it means that the alien rotated and then the yaroslavich brothers from the

left sanctified sent everything to kiev, who ate his troops by itoshi to mensk. and me because of you're going on in the fence. from the tale of bygone years, these brothers took minsk and killed all the husbands, and captured the wives and children and went to them for a moment and vseslav went against them and opponents met. on the third day of niamiha, the month of march, there was a lot of snow and they went at each other and there was a misfire, cruel and many fell in it and overcame everything because of the glories svyatoslav vsevolod. slav, on the other hand, was already on the idea of ​​being described about the word about the campaign of games in heaven puffed up with heads well done chains, they put their souls on such a belly and the soul from their body beyond the bloody breeze is not a balog, damn it, at least sown, but sown, with the bones of russian

sons, since the first mention of minsk refers to 1.67, when lez tells, but the capture of the city in one of the most terrible battles in the memory of the ancient slavs , there is every reason to believe that the emergence of the city dates back to an earlier time. yaroslavets, he was so king of m-m to take revenge on vseslava that they chose the whole winter, because they no longer went in a shack, but because the chronicle was written in winter say, then there is a terrible hard winter. here is the alley of time i wanted to let go. and so to speak, they chose minsk to him horseshoe because it is the most of the rules. this is where such a mystery of the meat mystery arises, namely the attack of the troops, the yaroslavichi at the beginning to us minsk, and then the campaign against the nemiga becomes the reason for long disputes and doubts about the location of the

ancient city. why, if the brothers are not located in minsk for a moment, they still arrange a trip to it, and does this mean that the city is located elsewhere, let's return to the origins of the study of ancient minsk, the first the documented appeal of investigators, local historians to the monuments of ancient minsk belong to the 19th century, aleksandroytovich. associate professor, department of archeology and special historical disciplines of the belarusian state university, candidates of historical sciences shpilevsky. describing his travels and describing the sights of minsk, vladislav sorokovlya also turned his attention to the e-e lampshishche, but of course, before the archaeological study. the hands of these famous people did not reach the belarusian

ethnographer, popularizer of the national cultural heritage of the belarusians. pavel shpilevsky in 1857 year i publish in my book a journey through the woodland and the belarusian region. the legend of the founders of minsk minsk local prince. squad leader. the hero builds a mill on the svisloch, a millstone that can grind not only grain, but also stones at midnight, minsk travels around the surrounding villages and recruits a squad of people, he chooses brave, brave and physically strong, and they create nearby. you tell me tsey the city-fortress, which is called by the name of the founder, of course, it is romantically beautiful, but andrei and tikhovich, head of the department of archeology of the middle ages and modern times of the institute of history of the national academy of sciences of belarus , candidate of historical sciences to reality. this

relationship has nothing to do with history going on as usual after the october socialist revolution, science in the bssr reaches an unprecedented flourishing, the political and social conditions created by the new revolution cause the emergence of new scientific institutions. it was a time of upsurge of the national cultural upsurge, and this, of course, could not but affect the general mood and the attitude of society for the state to monuments of archeology and e, c. the twenties were central, and the institutions engaged in the study of antiquity, not only antiquity and popularization of knowledge about these e, monuments and much more, e, associated with the culture and pond of belarus was e, the institute of belarusian culture in 1925. a commission for the protection of the monument is being created at the institute of belarusian culture. they are compiling a

list of objects, an important place is occupied by the minsk castle, the commission comes to the conclusion that the heart of the city is located in an extremely in a deplorable state and it needs to be brought into proper form, but the implementation of these activities is delayed for some time in 2006. work began on e, good ordering of the center of minsk, the river was not a nigga, which e was the e center of the old city, brought a lot of problems to the townspeople and in the end it was decided to take it into the collector. in order to somehow solve the problem with the constant floods of the river already at the beginning of the 20th century. there is talk of the need to enclose the river underground. after the revolution, while the construction of the sewer was forgotten for a while, but not migo continues to cause inconvenience to city residents and authorities even under

soviet rule in 1926. the lower part of the nyaga is taken into a reinforced concrete collector. the employees of the institute of belarusian culture do not have the opportunity to carry out excavations at the site of earthworks, but they manage to conduct archaeological supervision. they observe the work that is carried out here and describe the objects found in the pit. the work on archaeological supervision was supervised by a well -known scientific archivist. uh, well, also a man who was nothing archeology dmitry ivanovich of the devil and apparently, a bsu student, then a bsu student alexander dmitrievich kovalenev, also took part in these surveys. in the process of these works , many objects were collected, and they were a special pride of the belarusian state museum and repeatedly exhibited in the twenties. at the end of the

twentieth years, in the study of ancient minsk, a new plot of history, anton nikitich yasinsky, began to spin based on the absence in minsk of finds of material remains older than the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. nominates an unexpected hypothesis was on voicing tikago man. a. well, sladkova say that on the same sinske hmm was one of the warehousemen with the word nick bragauz and efron. this is a gift of revolution, and after the revolution, the twentieth thirties, and he was an accomplice and an indication of the small, soviet bicycles, and this smallest soviet encyclopedia has an article about minsk minsk where they write medically that the worst of all the city did not start here in the svisloch not in the nemisi , but there is such a city far away. this is a lethal 16 km, but between ours it has shelves let's say archeological ravyanka, what

the worst zashe gave the name to this city in 1920-1930. it is impossible to excavate on the territory of the minsk castle due to the density of building up areas with stone houses . but in 1935, archaeologists alexander lyafdansky and alexander kavallenya did not have any obstacles to study on the settlement name. during small excavations , ancient ceramics are discovered. in the thirty- fifth year, a small note was published in the zvezda newspaper, dedicated to the search for the first. this minsk and that's where they voiced their ideas ossetian. there they talked about the fact that they carried out small work and wrote that, probably, the finnish rights accepted this version and expressed the opinion that it was yes. it was real that they were on this settlement collecting ceramics, which, in general, confirmed that

the time was generally suitable synchronously, yasinsky's hypothesis becomes widely known among historians and archaeologists to some. it seems really similar, especially since before the great patriotic war, repeated attempts by archaeologists. find physical evidence existence. in the area where the svisloch flows into the centers of the ancient russian city , it is inconclusive to resolve the dispute, and the location of ancient minsk becomes possible only by organizing systematic archaeological excavations in the area where nemiga falls into the svisloch, but in 1941 the war of the 44th year in moscow comes to minsk in the evacuation, the history of the academy of sciences of the bssr begins to work under him. e, the department of archeology is headed by konstantin mikhailovich, the only actual archaeologist who

worked, and before the war in minsk, already in evacuation, it is planned to carry out excavations at the site soon after the liberation. in minsk , the institute of history of the academy of sciences of the bssr returns and already in september of the forty-fifth year, archaeologists begin to study the minsk castle, the city is almost completely destroyed, but people are full of hope and enthusiasm and with all their might under the guidance. vasily rodionovich. tarasenko start working. and it was very difficult. historians. they remembered that they worked with some self-made tools made. he in a primitive way had no people who could carry out excavations during the war that territory. e was badly damaged by the bombings. moreover, she suffered from a bomber from the forty-first to the forty- fourth year. here is in itself. yes, the war has just ended, the city still lies in the ruins yes, the crane, there is nothing

small here, the war is only just, and he is already subordinating the arm, he pulled the excavations for forty-five years such not great were the scarves pawned shukal, where it is on the most sale , and 48 districts have already begun to dig , more great excavations on the minsk suede, well, as it hides over 560 m. it, but determines the nature of the building, it reveals a number of bridge layers. in the course of archaeological excavations, cultural layers are studied that remain as a result of human activity. the mutual arrangement of cultural layers relative to each other and the natural rocks that overlap them in archeology is called stratigraphy, that is, in other words, if we would look underground, and in the area minsk castles, than we

would see such a puff cake elena drobo, a leading researcher at the museum of the history of the city of minsk, which was in the past. uh, these layers would have decomposed the lowest layer - it’s just white, lime, it was used in the construction of the temple of the first temple, which was in minsk, but then higher are traces of human life , including animals, that is, on laying the straw of the earth, knocked down a little higher, rising. we see the remains of the first wooden log cabins, which were also located on the same territory. and clay ceramics a and already, rising to the seventeenth to the eighteenth century, only paving stones - sand - earth and then already asphalt for a while, research, the castle stops, but at the end of the fifties, work is resumed again. this time, eduard mikhailovich behind

gorulskaya, a novice archaeologist, is starting to study this monument, and he, with all his very hot youth, starts excavations. on this monument, he hides over a thousand square meters. it's a big area, and it's revisiting conclusions in many ways predecessor pedart mikhailovich zakharolsky yakim to cloud. uh, what is minsk all the same, moreover, your glove is on the whistle that i appoint, that another one is guessing, says no, and by such a miracle some kind of battle could be itself. eh, kolyak, this is not misa city, but not the places where whistling anemia fell on kolyuchiminskaya, zamcha. now there are cities close and distant, the fourteenth second, and help did not blink not to the south, it turns out that the city of minsk

is the same, but the orphans document is something that, in principle. bright stars as i transfer the city is not recorded. nowhere absolutely disputes continue and even gain new strength for further study of ancient minsk , even more detailed studies are required, both of the settlement on the moment, and the territory of the modern center. minsk, georgy vasilievich shtykhov is doing this in 1978. he publishes a book of the city of the polotsk land of the military land, water, not 78 years old, and he describes minsk for mensa and minsk for svisloch. because i investigated both here and there, well, he was the only one and, of course, there were less arche, according to the received uh materials could uh, give scientists the opportunity to clarify many

ideas about the time uh, functioning, sweeping o. eh, in character he is about the peculiarities of people's lives on this monuments. in ancient times , excavations continue and the finds are already leading to controversy of a new generation of archaeologists. where , after all, was that mens first mention, with which the annals are associated with the year 1067. georgy shtykhov considers a settlement on the menka river near the current village of gorodishche located seventeen kilometers southwest of the capital behind the village of lake, as possible chronicle city. it consists of two parts, fortified as part of a small and large settlement, and a vast unfortified posad with an area of ​​​​at least 40 hectares, probably, the slavic population appeared here in the ninth century. holy south such cultures, slavic lukavenskaya, culture and romny,

borshevsky culture, which a came from the south. there is a southeast with a bottom from the bottom of the dnieper and they began to settle here, by the way, the most incredible find on the menka is considered to be a figure of a chess horse made of elk horns, 3 cm high. it was found in 1975 during excavations near the castle rampart, which becomes a real sensation, because it is the oldest chess piece in eastern europe, the city itself was divided into sectors on the menka, archaeologists learn about this as a result of fires that break out in different parts cities at different times, since a wooden house burns down very quickly, minsk residents deliberately divide the city into squares so that when the heat begins, the fire does not spread to neighboring houses.

after such an after like u near around small part of this village is surrounded by large ramparts. this turns out to be a real center like the city of dedinets and around it there are four villages, here, two from the right from the right bank of the menka, which divide the danube stream and two from the left bank of the wreath, and they are also the floodplain of some former grove, which is now already substances are also mecca here. well, here the option is breaking. this one was named after a nickel. eh, well, it more converges to the fact that these are taxes from the word raspberries raspberries are small. yes, there may be excerpts of mentus workbench, it's geographic showed, maybe , but commenko, what kind of falling. there are accompaniments to the bird’s right influx of birds, but i, uh,

why is it so meticulous, uh, and the norms, or rather, it’s not calm, it’s small. here it was created that when oleg jumped , a powerful leash began and she demolished everything on her way. here is an example of the new year. she did not go, kiss, ladies will be there. uh, the bridge is a whole lot of them in fact most of the cities. e hmm on the territory of the ancient and connected, of course, with the rivers there is a strip of chamber, vitebsk carving there onion or onion, and so on pinsk- pina turovchanka. and accordingly, of course, it immediately begs to be chosen that the minsk second version was such that, the very one of the nineteenth year, that it was possible to change the minsk word. what, some kind of exchange? well, for this, how is it for all this helmet, why exchange? here from the word change cops to change. well, neman, a water city with such a name, i’ll call the light there from the word there to change to

forge. well, well, not a mother, it’s as if they can’t stand up to criticism, because already at that time excuse me, they didn’t change, but there was a normal trade with money with goods and exchange already did not have. this is not a primitive private device. let's just say, of course, evacuation of course everyone. it's just coming hyenas. eh, the trip of the groom of the city along kolka and for the house that sevast such suffixes in these cities look for the central committee and they are the mother of fractional speech similar to me. there was such a version, too, mikhalych said that there was such a river that flowed into the svisloch. here there, where not a moment, it was called the cop element. well, now it is impossible to prove it, but perhaps this was the possibility of the structure of the settlement, its size, as well as archaeological finds allows us to say that ment snamenke is a prota-city, the predecessor of a medieval city, and

a whole system of rural settlements and their density is formed around gorodische. within a radius of 15 km. from him it is considered one of the highest in the principality of polotsk for that time, we can no longer have such a butt in belarus. and the reasons, i will respect it for the ninth to tenth. well natural 12, the second. that is, everything is underlined there. here's the city's mortar. this is the ninth tenth stage here in minsk we have a whistle. goal downed the castle and he was morning, i'm more than the germans. three hectares of the settlement, the eleventh of the old one, well, i don’t go to the tenth one, but the twelfth stage in google, the quols of the quols appear, settled here are such settlements, that q12. such a member concerns the situation that was here, the city is eleventh, second to tenth, we won’t say, not maxim, but there on the germans of the city, most

historians and archaeologists are now inclined to think that after all, mentions of ah, minsk in that context of the sixty-seventh year , and most likely, and there 1.078 of the year and possibly 1084 years. this mention, most likely, and that large complex that existed on the menka river was not enough just a little bit so that the time for this new settlement to become a real city. uh, with all the attributes with wooden buildings with pavements and others, and so on, this is minsk for mensa at the time of acquaintance. and now this is really a trashy place of life. yes, you are the most expensive, cell. we know krivichi, drigovichi from school. for michi. yes, this is the trinity, these are degovici, belarusian archaeologist and historian yury

afanasyevich hare, who devoted almost his entire life to researching slavs and gorodishche namenka, proves in his book that the ethnic border between the krivichi and the drevovichi runs in the area of ​​today's zaslavl, he studies in mounds. etna defining markers. this is a threat. why is there a krivichanka at night? uh, what kind of simple escron rings are worn, well, such, as it were, such bracelets, yes, kolya won’t wear them, dragovitsky ones. uh, grainy patcherkavye such pendants, not kolya, the more there are seven-stars there. it's all so to speak, tore off and goodbye. from interval. skill. i would say, yes, the end of the xv cob of the thirteenth became the epic of this initially. it seems that the ethnic boundary passes in the region are glorious, but in the tenth and eleventh centuries

there is no border in the modern sense. instead of it, there may be a swamp, a dense forest and a deciduous river, so the uncertainty of this border allows the princes to determine by a strong-willed decision what will belong to him, and what not . and she is silent, as if under the powder. anchor when i am still the most one more, slutsk region, the capital of the russian prince. yes, and the torah under the rocks and such a rank of fallow land in the minsk volost was ultimately from kiev and then the polotsk principality, and then the flat prince and vseslavov. what self-devoured their boundaries. this was the main irritant and the main reason for this campaign, because, in fact, here, uh, poverty. it was

the northern borders. e of the kiev land of this state of kiev. and, of course, there are such options. why is that say you can’t imagine the sheyment land? well, just like that, you see, uh, and he couldn’t grab it from once. and maybe he did, but it’s absolutely clear that they don’t move. this is the settlement of the nation, and he has grown to patch up the whole parish for himself. that is, the very thing that was necessary, that danin is what the inhabitants fall in love with, that you can collect what you can sell and dissolve there by the olive alley with wine, well, there the threat is arabic and he understands that it is most likely that advice to clean up hair these actions lead to the famous battle 1.067, however, during the archaeological research of the naminka settlement, it is not possible to find traces of a fire not on the fortified

settlement itself and in posada, therefore it is impossible to confirm its burning by the yaroslavichi troops, dated in the annals of 1.067. since the second half of the 11th century, the settlement on the memke has been losing its dominant position. perhaps this is due to the fact that a new fortified settlement is being built at the confluence of the nemiga and svisloch, requiring the mobilization of the surrounding residents for work. it is impossible to determine the exact date of construction of the castle on the nemiga. several versions about the period of its foundation, as well as about who nevertheless decided to build it, one of them boils down to the fact that when three yaroslavians go to the nemega fortress, it already stands there. she went far tongue. and of course, let's

say the chronicle. yes, not a mise, well, dear ones rarely went to the city, they went to the prince, and then it’s natural that i went to the nimiz. that was the name of this fortress, it stood here at that hour on the eleventh side with budanovs, according to all the words of the enchanter, and now this is a battle on nemiziya. this is near the city of nemisi and on the radio is not mysia. what difference does it make that we have a different version of the collection? about the period of construction of the castle on nemiga, scientists suggest that the emergence of the castle dates back to the time when vseslav charodey begins to endow his six sons with inheritances, while minsky is transferred to gleb, who is known as the first manx prince, apparently, when slav did everything yesterday, he began to distribute inheritances to his children. gleb got mines, and in general, i think that he,

again, i looked at this set. decided to build myself a new year, first, a new one prince a new principality with a new capital. this is where the construction began. i think somewhere in the second half of the eleventh century. the construction of this minsk on the nemiga began when he could endow . marriage, uh, to anastasia yaropolkovna, here, and this happened approximately. well, not later than 1.086, and this is the year of the death of anastasia's father, yaropolk, an interesting fact that anastasia's father, yaropolk and zaslavich, as the grandson of yaroslav the wise is considered a traditional enemy of the principality of polotsk by this marriage,

most likely, and the force yesterday wanted to drive klin into such an anti-polotsk coalition almost immediately after this marriage. vladimir monomax makes a punitive campaign against polotsk land later in his teaching monomakh himself writes about this assault that autumn they went with the chernigovites and with the polovtsy chiteevichs to the bowl captured the city and left neither chelyabin nor cattle in it, minsk is an outpost of the polotsk principality. its southern borders, so the choice of city to attack this campaign is not accidental, which in the summer for all uh 10804 or 1.805 dates back to the year. and in this, many see the fact that just vladimir monomakh coral is practically for such a peculiar one. well, redistribution and e

attempt here is a political solution. here, well, inside the princely crisis, perhaps as a counterweight to the center on the menka, the vessla offers his son gleb to build a fortress at the confluence of the svislochine of the moment, where some of the people of the minsk region will move in for construction, because some of the people, judging by around the small ones was stolen into captivity, someone died and it was necessary to reorient. actually this region. i think at first they slowly began to get over being afraid for some reason. the best molded people here are closer to the center, then artisans were drawn there, because there was a new market there, they began to settle around and in the city. well, then the rest of the fierce and only the rural population remained in this city, which, in fact, already didn’t care where it was in order to cultivate this territory, regardless of who still starts build a fortress. i work on mega

very quickly, the basis of its military power is an artificial fortification, which turns the city into a mighty frontier fortress, and it ended here by the end of the 11th century to the beginning of the 19th century. it already was. here is a powerful city with powerful walls formed around the trade winds, chronological analysis and you are stalin's forest for inspiration, from which we naming the velmihutka was cut down confidently surveying the chronological term. in rebuke, such a vyalizny track could be held by so many on the fence of the prince. it's colossal resources and financial and human human. at that hour. only one person had the same stars, this person was vseslav braticheslavovich. polotsk slavcharok, at the foot of the avalo podeshivaet and they planted

birch trees. moreover, there are nine rolls at the take. here, nude and rank are better - this was a 15 m tore on foot. and here is a personal one. 9 up 15 ears, and at a time multiplying the warmed amount of the taken one, which lies there, you need it for the entire perimeter of the minsk castle here in the svisloch. and this is a kilometer, and the mother is kilometers, and it is hidden that only buried. a ridge of hesitation gave this lock. kolya forty thousand trunks, only pines. moreover , the pines are young, there are 20-30 gardens, no more than just buried. 45.000. the princely court had to be placed somewhere. well, in the most natural, but protected place, and for minsky, replacing this place could be just closer to the boobs closer to the wetland. this used to be a swamp between the sports palace and

the modern sports center, it was a swamp. and there was this elevation, uh, the crops of the splitting, but it is possible that just at the end of the fifties, in my opinion, the fifty-sixth seventh year, i can be mistaken , construction began. in the office of the cultural worker, mechanized equipment, and then it is possible that the territory where the princely court could be located was not excluded at the end of the 1960s. minsk faces a typical problem of many large cities. the existing road transport network can no longer cope with the multiple increased loads on it in the 1960s. the population of the city is rapidly increasing almost double to 900,000 inhabitants, but in the ussr there is an unspoken rule that a city whose population will reach a million inhabitants can get its own metro, which is what happens in january 1972. the project for the first launch

site is approved in 1976 by the end of the seventies and eighties. this time can be said to be the golden time of belarusian archeology. this is also relevant in relation to the castle. and the subway was built, respectively, there was an opportunity to study the monument in large areas. we're the most vicious digs here in the area. uh, minska from the site is excavations on nemeze, and brackets 84 85 eighty-sixth year, when you climb there , a domestic metro station and so to speak, half of us were already so screwed and then allow medical workers. it was then that excavations were of a rescue nature. here was revealed the minsk gate, the minsk gate, which was studied actually m-m.

by the institute of history, archaeologists in the minsk castle, the views of the drevlyans inside, uh, well, you can mono call somewhere the ramparts, and they were captured about the faithful kind and rut. e passes the same buddha nemecha subway station, then there would be hidden here, well, subtraction to call them. it was then, by the way, that it was planned and conservation was planned and hmm, certain to make an analogue, like in a birch bark museum, but everything did not agree with this excavation was covered with such, uh, dahomki. it can be said that he stood there mother, that for five years under this daha and dale, in fact, fell apart clockwise, crumbled, vasilyevich stroke made such a decision how to fill this roscope and covered it with nothing and engineering. and the sand and it is hydroscopic, i skip it in hell, and it the wind lets through, i will mention to the former that you

are the place where there were what we hastened to unearth this roll, and there is nothing left of them alone . the archaeologists discover the only stone structure on the territory of the minsk castle back in 1949. the foundations of the temple, excavations show that the castle church began to be erected in the eleventh century. moreover, it has no analogues in the ancient russian monumental architecture of the foundation. and the bottom of the walls. the temples are made of stone and lined with rectangular stone tiles. on lime solution masonry technique, romanesque, characteristic of the architecture of western europe , the temple, unfortunately, was not worthy. and this, in principle, is proved by archaeological materials obtained throughout the whole period. the second half of the xx century were built foundations there on a height.