to talk with the guys, first of all, it’s a culture shock for many people from how much we can actually see, uh, around the country and uh, they already have plans for the next few five-year plans, because how many family sites to visit, i would really like to see these families , of course, in five years already already overgrown, and so that they also visit such objects. we were in polotsk in orsha in borisov in bobruisk and were impressed by the cathedrals. e different, let's say such historical places. we paid tribute to our homeland. we all became friends. we our road train became a big huge family. we call it family. we have our own traditions. that's why we're already even with the families we've become friends with. we agreed that we would meet and be sure to ask for more such actions by the participants of the patriotic marathon, among whom the family from ukraine discovered in a new way. only the cultural heritage of our

country is in the program for guests and visits to the exposition of the art and national historical museum. these are the main events this minute see you at 19:00. in the fifth century bc, the greek physician alkmion found in a patient the nerves that connect with the brain of the ear and eye and came to the conclusion that the brain is the organ where feelings and thoughts are born. after the creation of the microscope. it

happened in the 17th century. they could not understand how the human nervous system works, and only at the end of the 19th century, after the discovery of x-rays, it became obvious that the bodies of living organisms are literally permeated with nervous experts are still studying human nervous system endings and are still making new discoveries about them, including we will talk in the next half an hour and, of course, we will definitely find out if nerve cells are restored in the ether of the project stone? my name is ekaterina beletskaya hello and see the program. it all starts in the womb, we will tell you how our nervous system is formed, many subsystems, which the anatomy of human nerves and the path to rehabilitation cannot do without each other. do the nervous human cells? and before starting a big conversation about the human nervous system in the program studio, i propose to find out with which

nervous system a person is born with a nervous system in general, it begins to form already, starting from the third week of pregnancy and the peak falls somewhere in the second third month for a period of even development. this is the very development of the central nervous system, gradually already in the third trimester of pregnancy, the nervous system continues to form to minimize so that the information goes faster. special substances are not produced by the central nervous system. so it begins to be produced somewhere from the thirty-sixth week of pregnancy and later on for the nervous system. this process continues throughout the first year of life, but peak is again 4-6 months old, children of this age he is already manipulating arms and legs, then making a more purposeful movement, if we are talking about the spinal cord, then it already

begins to form somewhere from the fourth months of the intrauterine period, but also actively grow and develop up to 20 years and at birth spinal cord. uh, a more well-formed structure than the brain. well, the strength of such features, it is more millionaire , it is more decorated. although there is a difference from an adult, but they are. at such a microstructural level, a baby is born earlier than this period . this is from the side of the organ of vision and from the side of the respiratory organ and from the side of the digestive organs, that is, when the baby was not born at all full-term with him. be very careful with him carefully, because in the presence of e

different, seemingly identical factors, but only about 60% of children who are not full-term in the future have normal development. unfortunately, either by vision or by breathing, or by the central nervous system, in the future there is a limitation of life and function. well, the diagnosis is cerebral palsy. you heard, but this does not mean that you should give up, sometimes it does not depend on how premature, although there is such a thing as the difference between the central nervous system in a 26-year-old week-old possessed. and uh, thirty- eight weeks is very significant, well, there are sanogenesis and a lot of genetic factors, that is, many factors that the kid will further adapt to in an uncomfortable life. how to relate to the fact that a child

is born with an immature system, is this the norm, or is it a pathology, so he is born, he comes into the world. he adapts to this system, to the world, to the need to breathe , to the need to interact, so perhaps this is immaturity. it's rather the norm and gradually, in order for a person to develop, he receives new information, the body processes it further , by about two or three years, the nervous system is already formed, like in adolescents, these are just some parts , it’s another matter that the nervous system develops . step by step. it can be a little uneven when it is more motor function is sometimes more comprehension this is especially speech speech understanding and speech. pronunciation is such a concept. development, and this is very important for pediatricians, pediatric neurologists, you know,

what he should be able to do, how he should do it in order to notice in time to make some kind of correction so that the little man does not lag behind in the future, nerve cells do not recover, you are used to hearing. but whether this is true or not, we know very soon the program will be in the studio. today, neurologist, candidate of medical sciences mikhail syrian mikhail mikhailovich hello. mikhail mikhailovich selitsky candidate of medical sciences associate professor, department of neurology and neurosurgery of the belarusian medical academy of postgraduate education neurologist let's figure out what is called in the eyes of the basics. yes, what is the nervous system in general and what does the nervous system consist of. this is a combination of various interconnected nervous structures of the body, which is responsible for the activity of all systems of the digestive, cardiovascular, respiratory, genitourinary and other systems. that

is, by and large. this is such a computer of the body, without which life is impossible. the main thing in this computer is the nerves. yes, that is, they are such workhorses, but they are also different, the main horse in nervous system is a nerve cell or in another way. it is called neuron a neuron consists of a cell body, which is usually found in the central nervous system, and processes. and these processes here are promotional edendrites. by and large, they represent certain structures of the peripheral nervous system. actually. this is yes, the structural basis of the nervous system. just in the cells of neurons, so tell me whether they are restored or not, the nervous system is not plastic. what does it mean? this means that even in spite of death certain neurons, their function is taken over by neighboring neurons or even neurons from other parts of the nervous system due to the formation of new functional connections,

therefore, the restoration of, e, the functions of the nervous system. it is possible even with severe lesions of the central peripheral nervous system. the only thing, of course, the patients. you need to be patient, because this is a long process, which can take more than one year for him to restore the nervous system. right now we will continue with the scientists of physiology, and then we'll be back again. the nervous system consists of a large number of cells, if we take the brain, then the brain contains a billion neurons. these are the cells that control everything and support the cells. it's gley as far as neurons are concerned. well, they say that nerve cells are not restored, which means that neurons are not restored. it is a highly specialized cell that does not

divide. it only minimal damage restores internal structures. if the neuron died, it dies completely, it does not a neuron is restored - this is a cell that contains, like short processes, and forms such a mass of brain substance, not a rape and contains long processes of axons. short ones are called tendrites, long ones are called axons, these axons are then from several neurons, uh, they gather, let's say, and already form nerves. that is, if we are talking about a neuron, it does not recover other cells of the spinal cord such as gley, so all cells are able to divide, capable of changing, and they are needed in order to to maintain nutrition to maintain homeostasis, the so-called for nerve cells. that is, they can be restored, but they belong to the cells of the nervous system, but they

are not those neurons that govern our entire being and everything. hmm, our entire body, as far as nerves are concerned. these are processes of neurons, respectively, if they are damaged, they can be restored to the present day. it is possible that if the cut off or damaged areas are restored in a timely manner, then the action neuron will begin to recover. but it depends on the size damage from massive damage and men who caused nerve damage, how does it all look on histological examination under microscopic examination? that is, damage to neurons. you see, here are large cells that differ from these small ones. here are our famous neurons when damaged. they change their shape. right here, just in the eyes of a microstroke. you see, the structure of the fabric. she was disturbed, some kind of

space appeared, as if empty, it's like this a cyst that forms after ischemic strokes. it was a microint. with such a micro-internet post. uh, a stroke in this period will be some kind of symptomatology. yes , a person will complain about something depending on the localization. well, here is such a small size here, the neurons are the ones that were they died. here, at the stage of death, when they wrinkle, they become darker. here, too, the affected area is less fibrous. yes, here already space has completely led to death and a cyst has formed. well, if this is the minimum defeat, if it's a micro stroke, if it's a micro stroke, then it's glial cells. this stuns from the border and the rest of the neurons. i'll try to form a connection with each other with the help of dendrites and in this way. if a person trains a limb, if a person

trains his speech function, then recovery is possible. well, sometimes there are such things when a person has a massive lesion and a large number of neurons. uh, damaged and then the recovery will be minimal man. can completely then remain all his life either in a wheelchair chair, or generally recumbent. that is, if we are talking about the back and the brain. yes, these are the injuries when they jump head down, yes, that is, in an unknown pool and hit , a spinal rupture occurs. this in this case, of course, is a large amount of damage , and here, uh, our body is not able to restore all these connections, all these axons, connections between neurons and other cells, that is, yes, that is, a person in this case is doomed to the ether project nokomania. today we are trying to understand the complex intricacies of our nervous system and see further all diseases from the nerves continue to find the truth among the myths about the

work of the nervous system, jewelry work. what operations are carried out today in the scientific and practical center of neurology and neurosurgery and how the nervous system in animals is arranged, we will soon tell you the nervous system, sympathetic and parasympathetic , what they are and what they are responsible for, what function does these or those irons have? the nervous system is divided into somatic and vegetative, and now the vegetative, in turn, is divided into sympathetic and parasympathetic matter is that the activity of the autonomic nervous system. it does not obey our desire to our times, therefore it is called in another way autonomic nervous system. it is precisely here that the autonomic nervous system is responsible for the work of our internal organs for the heartbeat, breathing for the peristal gastrointestinal tract, and the genitourinary system. vascular congestion very

often we see, especially in adolescence , the so-called vegetative insufficiency, when in adolescents in children we see a rapid pulse, increased sweating rapid breathing fluctuations in blood pressure, but the fact is that the formation of differentiation of the nervous system. it occurs only by the age of 20-25, therefore, in adolescence. in principle, this can be regarded as a variant of the norm. that is, it is a function. changes and practically they do not require drug therapy, drug treatment, and with age, with the differentiation of the nervous tissue, these symptoms, as a rule, go away on their own, judging by what you have already told. if i assume that diseases are generally very many. let's start, perhaps, with the central nervous system. yes, what can be and how to avoid it, diseases of the central nervous system are divided depending on the cause of their occurrence, that

is, these are vascular diseases, when blockage of blood vessels occurs, a stroke develops or a vessel ruptures, then the patient develops intracerebral hemorrhage or convulsive hemorrhage data. these are traumatic injuries of the nervous system. these are inflammatory diseases, theological factor, when which is a virus or bacteria, immune diseases through breakdown of immunity and others in general. i would like to note that the disease of the central nervous. the topics are different for a reason, they are often similar to each other according to symmas, therefore, it is important for patients to know that the appearance of a particular neurological symptom requires, well, a quick request for medical help, preferably a neurologist for a timely diagnosis depends on this, well, directly the prognosis and the patient's recovery and i would especially like to draw attention to symptoms such

as impaired speech, impaired gait , clumsiness in the limbs in the arm or leg. the appearance of numbness, violations of pain temperature sensitivity, dysfunction of the pelvic organs, impaired coordination, if these symptoms appear acute or sub-acute. that is, in minutes to hours, you need to immediately call an ambulance and a specialist doctor will figure it out. what exactly is this neurological disease? and sciatica it's true that you're already a disease. nervous sciatica is nerve root disease. but the fact is that due to sciatica, there are different things. if we are talking about a young age, then as a rule, this is an intervertebral hernia, a disc, the so -called discogenic radiculopathy. if we are talking about an older group of the population, then these are already degenerative changes in the spine. listen, well the viewer will not forgive me. if i don't ask you, my eye will twitch. this is also a clan of eyes twitching.

this is also for us. it can be said that this is not called vros. that is, it is a teak warp. here inorganic basis, still psycho-emotional. that is, it is a psycho-emotional overload for a topic or other reasons during the normalization of the work regimen, the rest of the emotional background against the background, possibly light sedatives, these tics or eye twitching. they are not arbitrary yes , it is definitely impossible to control. yes , it passes on its own, so more rest, it's clear but the man crossed. emotional state of our modern crazy world yes, but as a specialist, tell me, this is our pace, in which we all run somewhere and find there is enough time for some kind of rest, even for some kind of respite at times. this adds everything. you patients certainly. this affects the state of health, in the body there are so-called, well, the system

of adaptation of the defense system or stress tolerance, and when the stress factors of the external environment. they act even sharply, but for a short time the protection system it works, but if these are stress factors. they are chronic in the patient constant overwork. as you say , a person is constantly running somewhere all the time sooner or later, of course, there will be a breakdown, this will be an adaptation, as a result, this or that will occur not only neurological symptoms add to the problem and gadgets screens, of course, but on the other hand, thanks to modern technologies and modern knowledge , doctors today carry out , including, well, the most complicated operations. i propose to go to the scientific and practical center of neurology and neurosurgery, the topic will be continued by my colleagues. the smallest patients of the republican

scientific and practical center of neurology neurosurgeons can see only 1.5 kg, these are babies who were born much earlier than the operation date with such crumbs in the center spends about 30 per year. today we operate on children who were born full-term and this operation 5 hours after birth has certain malformations of the nervous system that need to be operated on immediately after birth, for example, they removed a huge tumor that occupied a quarter of the brain in a seven-day-old, this is more serious surgery than this one first day surgery for malformations our smallest patient. based on age and weight. this was an operation performed last year, an operation that was performed on fetuses. it was surgery. correction surgical correction of defect. here, my mother was operated on at the 26th week of pregnancy, the weight was somewhere around 850-870 g. one of the most serious diseases is cerebral palsy. cerebral palsy is accompanied by high muscle tone, which does not allow

children to move normally and leads to dislocations in the hip joints to scoliosis spinal deformities holds a professional. at the center for neurology and neurosurgery, we carry out these two types of operations, the most common - this is a selective dosal azizotomy, when we use a very small access through access through one vertebra. uh, they were removed from the paste at five or six levels of the spine. by the way, this is a very little invasive method in the post-soviet space. eh, there are few of us, probably even the first who began to do just such a minimally invasive technique for this particular rhizotomy operation. they are being treated at the center and adult doctors also help them to solve the most complex health problems in our center, we carry out non-stimulation of various parts of the central nervous system and the peripheral nervous system. like the brain spinal cord from the peripheral e nerves. this is the nervo swagus or

vagus nerve. e, other peripheral nerves, as well as stimulation of the sacral or sacral plexus in latin, thanks to neurostimulation or a more literate term neuromodulation, that is, a change in the parameters of the nervous system, muscular dystonia, a wide range of pain disorders can be treated some forms of epilepsy, parkinson's disease belongs to the group of motor diseases, a due to stimulation of the deep nuclei of the brain. these are the subtholamic nucleus of the mentora medial nucleus and the medial nucleus of the globus pallidus, we can act on the various manifestations of parkinson's disease in essence. it's not so much a cure. how much help to patients? thanks to the stimulation of the depth, although the brain is leveled by various manifestations of parkinson's disease such as tremors and ego in patients , the quality of life improves, and the quality of life decreases. the number of medications you

need to take every day. within the walls of the neurology neurosurgery center, patients are free from atherosclerosis, which can subsequently lead to ischemic stroke. such vascular pathology is solved with the help of endovascular surgery, this minimally invasive method uses this to treat a number of other problems. this is revascularization, that is, stenting of the carotid arteries, if we talk about intercranial pathology, that is, vessels that are located directly in the cavity skull, arterial aneurysms are being treated there. this is a hemorrhagic stroke. e, the rupture of the aneurysm is caused, respectively, the operation is aimed at preventing hemorrhagic stroke in order to improve the patient's prognosis for the future, if we are talking about elective surgery, and operations are performed urgently on neurosms that have already ruptured in order to treat the patient more adequately. rarer pathologies. these are arteries and venous malformations.

they can also cause hemorrhage operations are carried out as interrupted arteries of venous information, or planned for the prevention of ruptures. discharge from the center of neurology and neurosurgery, patients can be said to receive a ticket to another healthy life, and often a second birth. summing up, let's say, mikhailovich, but very often we write off many symptoms, yes , diseases, and nerves. well, we say all the same diseases from the nerves. yes, let's rest a little bit for some kind of respite, after all, we will provide it and everything will pass. but as a doctor, tell me when you should still go to the doctor, according to world health organization under health rises complete physical , mental and social well-being without any diseases or physical defects. and i would probably recommend that if we cannot explain our poor

health by some domestic reasons, then we should probably contact a health worker. first of all, of course. this is a general practitioner or therapist, and if there is a need, the person is redirected. e to a narrow specialist in the profile of the presumed disease. well and to delay your visit. neurologist and your colleagues. or maybe you can some, well, i don’t know, recommendations to give people, if you formulate in this way, delay the visit. i mean. this is prevention, of course, prevention, of course, neurological diseases. the fact is that the prevention of neurological diseases. in my opinion , exactly the same as the prevention of other diseases. what a person can influence himself . these are the so-called risk factors. this is a sedentary lifestyle. it 's overweight, it's a controller real pressure. this is a complete balance.