welcome to the world where everything is real. who knows these raccoons? everyone, at least from a fairy tale about baby, which he established that from a smile, a gloomy day is brighter or in a belarusian kalykhanka, raccoon dogs are a different matter, hunters call him raccoon, residents of the amur region, the ussuri raccoon, and the japanese tanuki to belarusians is

an animal more. known as a raccoon dog, a narrow muzzle, on which a dark pattern in the form of a mask on the cheeks, ash-gray whiskers and a penetrating look of an intelligent beast, is clearly visible. here is his portrait, dark glasses and fluffy hair, which by the spring, alas, takes on a somewhat sloppy appearance anita and provide the animal with a resemblance to a raccoon . hence the name, however, the ant-shaped dog has more to do with the fox, its closest relatives, which are rather than a raccoon, and it was also named after her raccoon-like ussuri fox , a raccoon, an animal the size of a small dog in this and other features. it also has a lot of similarities to a four-legged friend of a person from that and belongs to the canine family, however, unlike a domestic dog, they settle in a dense in the forest with well-bogged lowlands in the thickets of the coastal zone, from areas where natural reservoirs disappear

, the raccoon dog in nature leaves the beast. he’s still too lazy - he won’t hit a finger once again, or rather with a paw and a paw, for example, in housing matters he prefers to occupy other people’s holes abandoned by badgers, or foxes, or simply sometimes kicks out the rightful owners, from their own dwellings, a raccoon dog, the predator is so voracious that does not spare anyone ruins masonry, birds nesting on the ground eat not only chicks, but even adults birds insatiably absorbs small animals, they do not disdain beetles and other insects, fruits and seeds of plants are also included in the diet, and sometimes they settle near human habitation, so that in case of hunger something can be stolen. a real robber and strategist, in fact omnivorous and nat-like dogs are excellent swimmers, this ability gives them the opportunity to hunt shellfish fish. and toads, being unpretentious , these animals are able to satisfy their needs. even half-baked fish due to

this gain. a few extra for winter kilograms. otherwise, it will not be possible to prepare for hibernation, because only thanks to the accumulated fat and thick ability the animal can survive the cold, by the way, this is the only species of the canine family that hibernates for the winter and nato-like dogs, not the indigenous inhabitants of the belarusian forest, their natural range is the far east northern vietnam china and the korean peninsula, but animals were brought to belarus in 1936 with the aim of quite mercantile valuable dog fur, their chance and did not miss and did not meet competition from others predators quickly, settled into vast grateful territories, they manage to show even in amorous matters. and my lazy nature. yes, we are not spoiled by the attention of gentlemen, as mating rituals, as such, males also do not show perseverance. what aggression, so there was no fight between adults. it would seem that, not

burdened by the troubles of everyday life, the life expectancy of such animals should have been pleasantly pleasing, but they do not exist in the wild and the notovid dog does not live long, no more than 4 years and the main enemies are large predators , lynx and bear wolves, but since dogs run poorly, and they are armed, they are weakly saved by cunning. if an animal sees that all retreat routes are cut off, it does not show miracles of heroism, but prefers to lie low or even pretend to be dead, such a life hack works, a brilliant hunting dog is confused and confused by the hunter, and only when they move away to a safe distance the animal comes to life and saves its valuable skin flight in belarus from raccoon dogs is allowed since 1950, when it was established in 70% of all cases, it is she who is the carrier of the rabies virus, moreover, the restless destroyer of bird nests, and therefore a harmful specimen for the hunting economy, but often hunters

feel sorry for the fluffy and set free. more than half of the food we eat every day is made from what is grown

in the country's fields - bread, flour, apples, corn, sugar, pasta, to go on, you can endlessly food problems. belarusians are not used to, including, because agricultural science we have originated in the nineteenth century. centuries of practical experience and new technologies give their result to our raw materials. and our products are a brand all over the world. with the development of science. many problems are left behind, however, our researchers do not stop their work today and we will find out. what difficulties do scientists face in the fields and what physical and intellectual forces does our harvest cost on the air of nokomania. my name is ekaterina beretskaya. hello. and watch for the next half an hour. moth for and weeds, the main pests of our crop why do we need drones in the millet field and how to make insect pests refuse our apples? the main threat to the crop

, they say, profile scientists still, like decades ago, are pests. is it possible to finally get rid of them and keep the culture healthy ? alexander anatolyevich zaprudsky director of the subsidiary unitary enterprise of the scientific and practical center for agriculture of the national academy of sciences of belarus, the institute of plant protection, graduated from the agronomy department of the belarusian state agricultural academy, candidate of agricultural sciences, associate professor. let's figure it out. one of the main areas of your activity is the development of technology for protecting a wide variety of crops from pests, diseases and weeds. here we have what is the most dangerous, what pest is the most dangerous and what disease is the most dangerous

for our plants. well, let's put it this way in our country in our latitudes, today the phytosanitary situation is assessed, which is carried out annually by the employees of our institute together with the inspection of the entire plant quarantine minority. we go out to the fields, of course, evaluate and monitor the situation, which i would like to say today, taking into account the changing weather and climatic conditions, warm winters, the absence of snow cover naturally leads to the fact that phytopathogenic complexes expand, if once grain crops cultures. uh, the traditional drunkard, swedish fly, which has traditionally taken over crops to date, is the range of other species of bread beetle. the same may beetles today are a pest for sugar beets. this is a pest for fruit and berry crops, especially in 2022. we pay attention to the

protection of not only grain and industrial crops, but rapeseed, which today is heard throughout the republic, is a strategic crop, as a rule. our rapeseed color was damaged. this is a traditional object for today. here literally for some 10-15 years, it is necessary to carry out from two to three and in some regions, especially the brest region, up to 4 insecticidal treatments. these are stem secretly proboscis. it's a seed, it's a stem. this is a cabbage pod mosquito, and winter is a nightingale, which today hurts. naturally. all this is under our monitoring control. well, in the future we conduct a survey of vegetable crops. potato colorado potato beetle, it has always been one generation, it has been two a year today, that is, a beetle lays eggs further goes from the birth of caterpillars. they damage. it is easier to say that the larvae in the future, in principle, gave birth to

an adult insect. it went to spend the winter in the soil, that now this adult insect again lays eggs on the underside of the leaf and again the second generation, the second generation is already starting to damage our culture, so we also pay attention to the analysis of sugar beet. today , too, culture in terms of protecting plants from disease. the so-called pests matte dead is the light fly. well khrushch, the same harmless may beetle, which also damages sugar beet crops. all this was before, but not in such quantities and not in such families now. of course, in the corn crops there was a meadow moth, so now a deb rot, western corn, beetle, stem moths are also actively distributed in crops today. if it was somewhere before, then today there is a

traditional distribution - these are click beetle larvae. it's just that on audi, wireworms also damage crops. these are polyphagous pests and they are already nothing you will be surprised, they are everywhere and in almost all field crops damage crops, thereby harming the culture of the main ones, we would have met, yes, thank god, in absentia, we are exactly the same and our viewers are the majority. let's talk about methods of struggle. that is. uh, that's what the fields are watered, some kind of additives to the soil too. that's all in order to protect and prevent today, a set of protective measures has been developed called the integrated protection system, which includes both agrotechnical and phylactically and biologically and naturally, chemical methods of control, and now also breeding and genetic ones due to the development of crops, it seems to be moving away from the vulnerable phase, in which pubescence is harmful to the leaves, that is, it creates a barrier for the

same pest to gain a foothold on the leaf. these are also methods today and thanks to our breeders in the center for agriculture. they quite successfully solve the same our problems. of course, that agrotechnical protection disables itself. this is tillage in its time, as the quality of cleaning travelers for a man plowing is a must today it is an event that allows up to 60% to resolve issues with perennial weeds, if we are the best stubble, if we fall face slavery, again grain slavery becomes a weed in our country. naturally, we provoke for germination, thereby we fight agrotechnically and with a full complex. the use of mineral fertilizers, the timing of the village of seeding rates, is a mandatory agrotechnical method, as for biological control methods today, these are entomophages, natural enemies, which are the same ladybug she hurts. yes, she hurts.

uh, they peck the same one is harmed by ground beetles, beetles riders seemed we don’t see them, but they do their job and naturally in order to support this entom complex without harming, uh, natural environment. they must be in the system of aerocenoses. including of course, today the chemical method of struggle is the key. it is so called operational, that is, the problem was identified and solved, but again, the use of chemical plant protection products should not be thoughtless. not just took watering, it should be based on monitoring the situation. we must assess the extent of the damage. that is, there is such a concept. the economic threshold of harmfulness, that is, this is the number of pests at which the use of plant protection products pays off the cost of the saved crop. it's easier to say there is a colorado potato beetle, which will damage roughly 10 cents, but we use

plant protection products, the cost of which is 5%. that is, we estimate the economic damage. of course, timely and high-quality application is the key to success in the use of so-called pesticides, therefore attention to this issue is very necessary here, because we all want to receive environmentally friendly products when questions arise about chemistry. naturally. this is especially true for products that are ready. here's to use. these are the same fruits, the same vegetables. the same tomato. the same cucumber that we take, well, to date , developed uh, methods and protection system plants. which really allows us to get environmentally friendly and high-quality products. i know that very soon drones will work in our fields. and you know that this idea was born, just the same, within the walls of your institute, my colleagues, just visited there and were ready to talk about what they

saw. scientists have been working on such unmanned assistants for 2 years already. they have proven themselves in the fields for monitoring the situation, as well as in the creation of electronic field maps, but our researchers suggest run them to spray the working solution. traditionally , ground vehicles are used for such purposes. this method, of course, has its advantages. but there are also disadvantages, for example, to save money. plant protection will definitely not work on average per hectare of land, you need 200 or more liters of working solution. and when using unmanned aerial vehicles or drones , as they are called in simple terms, the amount of the working solution decreases

by about 20 times, that is, plus from what you see. this method reduces the required amount and water transportation. we can save a lot on this, plus this method of introducing protective equipment also lies in the fact that we can use unmanned aerial vehicles, for example, in very harsh conditions . the first soil moisture, soil, wet ground equipment cannot enter the obstacle. the next plus of this method of applying plant protection products is the possibility of using it to fertilize the so -called tall crops. these include in our conditions in our country, by the end of harvesting, rape is defecation, that is, drying or dehydration of plants. this makes cleaning easier. uh grain drier yield is obtained, but the crop at this time. it is already quite high. and when passing ground equipment , damage to crops is often observed, that is, the pods crack part of the grain of the material, and in such cases, unmanned

aerial vehicles. you are plants, we don’t damage them at all and achieve the result we need, that is, we use distillants, we get dried crops and harvesting comes further under optimal conditions. on what crops do we still see the use of this method possible? for example, recently in the conditions of the republic, at a time when corn is already quite high , a number of pests appear and, again, ground passage of equipment is difficult in such cases. we also see possible ways to use this unmanned aerial aircraft. but despite the obvious advantages of this method, scientists note all the problems. it does not solve the traditional technique will be needed, where you need to use a large number of working solution, we will introduce research in this direction and will continue to do so. we will study the possibility of using fungicides on various crops. e-e insecticides using this method

, the theory is being developed, but from next year we will move on to the practical consolidation of our results and the introduction of their agricultural practices. the scientist of the institute of plant protection continues to develop this project together with the belarusian chinese organization dealing with aviation technologies and complexes it was on them that the entire technical part fell. i'm already after the drone was created by the researchers. we jointly selected the optimal parameters for the operation of the drone. today we understand the intricacies of scientific work, which allows us to save the harvest in our country and look further at five times cheaper, how, thanks to the latest technologies in the field of plant protection, we manage to save money for a year at the level of european standards, our land is also famous for

its boiled varieties. this has been traditional for over 40 years. we follow sports the life of our country is a difficult period for the entire belarusian football, it is important, without arranging something to undertake the construction of such stadiums, this phenomenon and the quality of football will increase the transmission, please, we can more accurately give you know how new heights are reached with exceptional physical abilities and possession itself and help to keep yourself in shape. but after all, moderate physical activity helps to cope with many problems there. a million sports tips check each one and use it better do not miss all the most

current sports projects on our tv channel. we continue to understand the topic of crop protection with the director of the specialized institute of the scientific and practical center of the academy of sciences of belarus for agriculture, alexander anatolyevich, using plant protection technologies. how much money can you actually save? already before we looked at the plot, we touched on the topic of economic efficiency, caved in, the development of pests is based on economic feasibility or economic thresholds of harmfulness, that is, today, protecting the same crop of sugar beets. we can, through the right integrated protection system, keep root crops within 80 centners. in this way

, a fairly good amount is also saved, but also as a raw material that is obtained, it is still the quality of the sugar yield, the percentage of sugar yield. here, too , plant protection plays a key role, if we do not treat the church in time with disgrace. this is, uh, the disease that is by far the most dominant today, then we can lose up to 50 and above the percentage of the harvest, as far as raw materials are concerned, why we produce all this, so that we can protect our plant, i know that they even go. e in circulation. ah, waste products. tell us, the lighting industry in the republic is enough, moved under the beet molasses, it turns out a by- product for obtaining nutrients for the production of microbiological preparations today microbiological preparations. this is very relevant. it is fashionable to obtain environmentally friendly products, especially for diet food.

especially for diabetics. especially for people suffering from various chronic diseases today. we produce new environmentally friendly plant protection products from recycled materials and waste in the composition of the active substance, which is therefore included. we use all these preparations to protect berry gardens on hearing the topic of import substitution. i'm sure that in your topic there is something on this topic , pardon the tautology, but before that i know a lot, well, i bought the same chemistry abroad. yes, as people say that now today the volume of application is about 10,000 tons per year in the amount of 262, today 55-60%. these are our belarusian domestic, including russian-made, quite well and very successfully advanced in terms of the quality of the production of pesticides and cheaper. still,

it's all cheaper and the drugs that we use, they naturally reduce today. this is a very important cost of production and of course we are on this cost-saving firm ori. which western firms today we also work. we exchange opinions , information, of course, and we also deal with these drugs, so to speak, well, in any case, we look at our own. well, ours and quality. i practically have no doubt, and everything that is currently included in the state register of plant protection products. it is rightfully legal for use in our crops at the level of european standards and many times cheaper. it turns out that our farmers grow and solo this technology, as stated in the scientific and practical center for agriculture the academy of sciences of belarus allows the annual production of barley, which covers the

full need for raw materials for brewing. the theme will continue in my colleague. as most people know barley, it is quite an ancient culture. it has been cultivated already 10 thousand years ago. it so happened that most varieties of barley have a film, that is, they are equally protected by a film. it grows together with grain in connection with this, barley is the main destination in europe - it is a leader in the production and number of created varieties in the world for pr purposes. this is, of course, germany traditionally brewing in germany in the czech republic at a very high level belarus also. famous for its brewed varieties, it has traditionally been for more than 40 years the first variety in the soviet

union that has reached a yield of 10 tons per hectare. the variety was created in our center by my scientific supervisor, academician griv stanislav ivanovich, paradoxically, it is still cultivated in russia and by the number of certified seeds. still in the top 3 science production is not standing still production requires more and more new varieties in the first place. uh, more uh, good quality, but for brewers. it is important low protein content and high extractivity. high extractiveness is achieved by breeding, and it is associated with low protein content, not directly after but related, therefore, we are breeding varieties with low protein content with high extractiveness. it turns out, according to various estimates, one percent of the extract, this is 160

liters of beer. and what is extractivity - this is the amount of soluble substances that pass from malt into solution, if the variety is on 1% higher extract, brewers can get up to 160 liters of beer, more we in belarus, our center is constantly engaged in the selection of beer varieties. during this time, we have not created more than 10 varieties of welded me. currently. in the registry. all of them in general. e, if we talk about the register by the number of varieties allowed for use in belarus , then there are 71 of them for spring crops, barley is now 71. the producer has a choice what to choose which varieties to use if we correlate this with those sown areas, this has about 400,000? we are now a little lower, it is very good indicator manufacturer is. well , the choice, please, for every taste, the european union

is about the same ratio of 71 varieties 50 and brewed, although in production the percentage of brewing varieties is lower and it is really not necessary to sow all areas with brewing varieties, because up to 200.000 can be used for the production of malts tons, if me, well, which exactly meets the requirements for overcooked barley in recent years. in the first year, the sorcerer nu we was entered into the state register of the republic of belarus we hope that this variety in the coming years should simply be obliged to occupy, well, worthy areas in bela and replace existing varieties, at least belarusian selection. this variety , according to the state commission for variety testing, has very good brewing performance and excellent yield, in terms of yield. he even exceeded the varieties of foreign selection, which is tested

simultaneously with him, the variety is included in the state register of the russian federation in four regions at once, that is, it is approved for use throughout the european part up to ural has a lot of applications with russia in the first place. of course, we are waiting. not really. we hope that it will be in demand by our bios. we have already touched on the topic of microbiology, but you probably also have something that is fashionable now, what to say about this, especially since this topic has already been touched upon, except for these drugs, about which they have already said what else and why such attention today is precisely that's towards this direction to date obtaining environmentally friendly or

quality products. this is a guarantee of the health of our population, of course, an institution plant protection in the laboratory of the microbiological method, under the leadership of dmitry vladimirovich, voykovka produces microbiological preparations today. we have a package of more than 10 types of drugs, both against pests and against the disease, these drugs. not only helps to reduce the phytopathological load, but also improves the soil. naturally, using this preparation can be used in coastal areas, for example, in lake reservoirs, so to speak, a bracer, when it is necessary to obtain clean products, thereby not causing damage to water ecosystem. this is very important even today . they are part of the link of the integrated system. protection of course , we can’t do without chemicals, but for obtaining, for example, with constant and continuous production of vegetable crops, greenhouses are very much in demand and

today many firms and company representatives come up with proposals and of course we are developing prototypes in order to in the future they produced and allowed, so to speak, in production for the sixteenth twenties at enterprises the republic has produced 15 tons of biological products in the amount. about 40,000 conventional units, that is, the numbers inspire. naturally, in field crops. uh, they are used less actively, but here is the protected ground vegetables fruits, where there is direct consumption. this is relevant today, that is, chemistry is gradually fading into the background. we can say that chemistry supports, but at the same time biological preparations. in any case, they find their priority and are more in demand now. especially here is how organic farming is going with us. now it is becoming fashionable.

naturally. it is included in the protection system of organic land, in addition to those agrotechnical biological in addition to selection and genetic methods. this method of obtaining and using biopreparations is the key one today, that about 20 patents for developments have been received in your institutions. here in your opinion, which of them are the most innovative, so to speak, maybe, uh, a special pride today. uh, our pride is about twenty patents and k-11. yes, twenty patients, one we have a eurasian patent and two trademark certificates, we have a patent for a fungicidal composition and a method for obtaining it, that is, obtaining biological and, e, plant protection products based on local raw materials and waste from the authors. we have whether vladimirovich forty doctor of science professor. well , the izlukka pyotr mikhailovich today,

these patents have been obtained as part of the implementation of various task programs, this is the development of technology for effective application environmentally friendly fungicides based on the use of local raw materials. well , i wish you and your colleagues success. so keep on surprising us. it was a new amania. i am ekaterina beletskaya, i hope you were interested in these half an hour with us. see you on the air. guys, whose erudition would be the envy of any

adult, we read in the textbook that the greeks called barbarians those who spoke a different language or surprised she is very well-read on prefers reading, physical education, lermontov said that he scored a charge. i'm in a gun tight i thought i'd treat a friend, like so. well, i thought so, i'll treat you. i'm such a perky friend, uncle was, apparently. and they are not afraid of not knowing something. after all, it's not embarrassing at all. i believe that it was told to us about it, and also excluded. eh, tighter. what is it like? i don't remember who it is either. in principle, you can exclude the intellectually entertaining show. i know, but i kind of remember that when i read to uh. and how do peas gnaw? everything is

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hello and here are the main events in the country of the world by this hour south korea cancels the event dedicated to halloween during the celebration in seoul, hundreds of people died, including foreign belarusians, among the victims.