from the store. we allowed you and helped you with further loans and so on, as you now give up and leave, justice should be the basis, not an economic category, but very important for people. i repeated it a thousand times, and i do not get tired of repeating, we will bring everyone to their senses, the corresponding rule has been developed documents. there will be no shortage. today we are able to provide our people with everything they need. alexander lukashenko also assured that belarus has no plans to send from our military to ukraine, this position is unchanged. and most importantly, the president's dream is that there should be no war. let's work and live in peace, the head of state addressed the belarusians. at 19:00 the next issue see you.

the ancestors of human australopithecus neanderthals lived only 20 years, after millennia, life expectancy increased by only 3 years and only during the paleolithic period. it approached 30. moreover, men lived longer, women died at the age of 33 on average 28 in the archaeological data, the middle ages , not far from the stone age, most people left did not live past forty. today at 30 years old. many are just beginning to realize what they want to do and with whom to build a family, women now live longer, the average life expectancy in the world, according to

input, is 72 years. largely. this became possible thanks to the development of science. and, of course, medicine, in which there is a whole not too well-known section called gerontology and geria, it is in it that we will understand today. my name is ekaterina bretskaya. hello. you are watching a project of science addiction in the next half an hour miss. from medical research to medical wards. what is the fundamental difference between gerontology and geriatrics, if you do not stop, then at least slow down, is it real, if we are talking about the aging process, and why in 50% of cases the elderly are misdiagnosed, we will find out very soon. so gerontology and geriatrics are consonant, but different concepts, and i propose to understand the terminology right now. with the development of science and medicine, the average life

of a person has noticeably increased, the accumulated knowledge, scientists have combined into the science of gerontology, which comprehensively studies old age, today there are several areas. gerontology, biological doctors explore the features of the life processes of the elderly , the medical direction studies pathologies and diseases characteristic only for the elderly, the psychological one, which studies changes in the psyche with age. the sociological raises questions about the position of older people in society and the attitude of society itself towards the elderly, as well as a special economic segment. gerontology geriatrics science, engaged in the study of ways to diagnose , treat and prevent diseases of the elderly is happy that she has a future, of course. everyone would like the future to be as healthy and comfortable as possible, and this depends on many things. we will continue the topic of factors with the chief freelance gerontologist of the ministry of health of the country lyudmila

zhilevich lyudmila averkina. hello. lyudmila averkievna zhulevich candidate of medical sciences chief freelance gerontologist of the ministry of health of belarus head of the republican gerontological center active longevity, the chairman of the belarusian public association of geriatricians and gerontologists of the third age, when this age begins. let's understand a little about your professional terminology, when we talk about the third age, then if the world organization says this, it considers this age to be 60 years old. if we talk about the republic of belarus, we accept the age of the elderly as 65 years old. how many of these do we have in belarus, who are more men or women, and what percentage of them, uh, if it’s possible, of course, to name, uh, numbers, at least exemplary, yes needs medical attention. the aging process is already arranged in such a way that the involution

of the body occurs, therefore, almost every elderly person has some kind of chronic disease on average, if we say this is from the mark of 60 plus from 4 to 7 diseases in the complex that they have, these diseases may not always affect functionality and the second part of people who do not have a disease does not affect them for addiction, such as outside help, who require care so. here if about 65+ people we have somewhere around one and a half million such people, but it must be noted with bitterness that we have a difference in the life expectancy of men and women is 10 years, therefore, at this mark of 65 +, we have three times fewer men. what this is due to many reasons indicate the social factor. yes, such an unrealized male, when they can hardly endure, firstly, the rejection of a generally healthy lifestyle in a certain period of life. that is, yes, with that very main loss. here we have men from 45 to 60 years old. then they

they still remember that yes, you really need to protect your health. and if next to them is such a persistent strong woman who she will lay this support, then there is a chance for him to live to longevity and, of course, we have such a good trend. the number of people who have crossed the 100- year mark is constantly increasing in our country. there are also more than 4 of them in the republic of belarus. and i must say that the largest number of these centenarians is, say, the vitebsk region. talking about how many of them needs medical help to one degree or another of all. if we talk about those who, in terms of their functionality, need depending on outside help, that is, require care, then if in a group of lonely people there are about 20% of them. that is, this is a fairly high figure, so the percentage if in the general population these are elderly people is 15.4%. i don’t know who this figure will seem like from 15.4, it’s so small, but if we are talking about

statistics, then from seven percent the nation began to age, for example, in the thirtieth year this figure is expected to be up to 20%. some people say this problem. no, it's not a problem. it means we're living longer, and that's a good thing. it's just a question of what quality of life we ​​live longer, yes, and how many are born. youth, so that we can safely retire, and we have replaced young cadres who will support us economically. i propose right now to find out when you need to start taking care of yourself so that old age is a joy. let's watch the plot. learn to live with quality, enjoy every day and minimize unpleasant feelings of illness. this is what they teach at the republican gerontological longevity center. so patients come to us from all over the

republic, patients, mainly two age groups of such patients, which are from 60 to 75 years old and after 75 years there are long-livers of 90 years. e with a set of chronic diseases is easy, when not one or two diseases, but several comorbid diseases, that is, both cardiovascular and respiratory gastrointestinal attack. and in principle, the main problem of older patients. this is a musculoskeletal order. yes, they are hard on their own can move around and take care of themselves. one of the main tasks of the center is a complete examination and correct diagnosis. in addition, patients come to us from different parts of our republic, so to speak, somewhere the possibilities of examination are limited, probably, and therefore they come so that we can examine something somewhere, clarify their disease, diagnoses, tell them how to be treated and what

you need to take a consultation, that is, we have such a diagnostic base. and after the main thing begins, patients are taught how to live most productively with chronic diseases of which, as a rule, more than three explain to older people how to behave in emergency situations, for example, in case of a hypertensive crisis, until a doctor arrives for the most productive training on the basis of the center, there is a school of active longevity. school of active longevity is an office in which there is a school in which a nurse works permanently. she conducts testing of patients according to the programs that we have conducted in this school, classes, like resuscitation staff, i.e. nurses and doctors. that is, we have a program of smooth conducting classes with each patient on certain topics, and taking into account that we have

periodically once every two weeks. still, new ones are coming. this is changing and the program is being repeated somewhere to teach patients how to behave in everyday life. but the best results can be obtained only by modifying the lifestyle, adding daily physical education, long walks in the fresh air , proper nutrition, drinking regime in the center, doctors they treat comprehensively, in addition to specialized specialists, a psychologist also works with patients. the average stay in the center is 2 weeks, and you can get here by getting a referral to the clinic at the place of residence, if there is evidence for that. is it true that older people are even twice as likely to write hmm in some sources to leave an incorrect diagnosis, how is it and what it can be connected with here, probably it may not be entirely correct to make incorrect ones, because an elderly person. you know, he is such a person who subjectively feels his own,

like aging. yes. here in such an emotional sphere, that is, from it. here is the grain to pull out the rational. yes, his problems are quite difficult, therefore, of course, from a low start it is not always possible to do this. but uh, thanks. now the diagnosis is very serious, which allows the doctor to reinforce his knowledge. still. we are on the right path, so here the question is how acute a person needs, for example, medical care now. here. a very important component. this is what we define unequivocally, that is, it is necessary, for example, surgery is necessary, therapy is needed and to what extent this medical component is needed. secondly, the diagnoses of an elderly person, they can, for example, now complain of weakness. imagine this could be one of his only complaints, but in old age. this may be due to depression because he is lonely. he feels like a chicken. and this is expressed through such a somatic. yes, sometimes even pain behind the

sternum, which is related. that's it with him emotions. also, for example, this weakness may be due to the fact that he may have an infection, unlike young people, they do not react quickly and temperatures, and the only complaints will be weakness, so imagine what condition the medical worker is in when he has an elderly patient with one single complaint, and the root of this complaint may lie there in 15 diseases that the elderly have, so, of course, the elderly are still trying. detail and find out the cause of e, those or other symptoms that you really had a correct diagnosis. yes, a serious problem, how acute is alzheimer and dementia in a nutshell, and do the elderly themselves and their relatives understand that this is a disease? is there a huge problem here? why because uh old man? does he begin to quietly hide his features? yes, with us he hides the fact that he forgets the keys. yes, but he tries, for example, to determine the place, which he clearly

knows, that i put the keys there, that is, he puts some kind of markers there, because he understands him memory problems. this is not always seen next of kin. they can live separately for various reasons, but they can, for example, notice that the psychology of a person is changing. and here we have to start. as they say look closely. secondly, i really provoked the development of these cognitive changes and the progression of the so-called ones. that is, it was such a trigger for the progression of dementia. this decrease in physical activity is a psychological factor that constantly weighed down on them plus. naturally, people isolated themselves, and relatives, for example, they did not always communicate, that is, the person remained alone, and an elderly person, if he speaks little, communicates little, his mental sphere also immediately begins to progress, but there is a difference there is alzheimer's , is, as the so -called dementia, that is, smoked most often of a vascular nature. and if we lead a healthy

lifestyle, if we take care of ourselves, our blood vessels, our cholesterol, these and other indicators of health, then this dementia can stay on this board for a very long time. that is, which means that a person serves himself, we he remains at home himself, what is called we do not require the participation of any additional and alzheimer's, when he is independent of what we do, he progresses there the mechanism of pathogenesis. it's not vascular, uh, prolapse of certain. in pathological proteins, and we cannot stop this, unfortunately, there is no medicine all over the world today, but relatives should understand how this is step by step, what to prepare for, how to react and how to help a person in a difficult minute, when he already becomes absolutely helpless. that is, there are a lot of problems here, but the topic is cognitive problems. it has now become at the very forefront, what other diagnoses can older people in our

country face and how are things abroad i am sure that you are following the international trends of our slavic former countries in the soviet region, the most basic problem that and their morbidity and mortality. these are diseases of the circulatory system that are associated with the process vascular atherosclerosis and hmm it's related to nutrition it's related to exercise and it's related to excellent weight and of course it's a problem, for example in italy it's less of a concern. in japan , too, which is probably why you hear such a thing as the mediterranean diet. yes, that's what they all say, but i always say that we cannot follow the mediterranean diet, but we can observe the ratio of plant food and animal food and animal food - it should be, uh, not in meatballs, but in its natural form, but if talk about these countries, which have less,

for example, these problems are of concern. uh, there is still an emphasis on fresh air, physical activity and the perception of life. you know, there is a very important factor in aging. i always say if the patient decides to grow old it is inevitable. but if he tries to resist it all the same, that is, everything lies. eh, this is how we have higher activities in korea , for example, in the same italy, er, they are going to commune. they sing with each other. they, that is, it is a habit. this is how to communicate. it probably also gives a positive effect, so we always tell them not to lock themselves up and think positively, they should not think about old age, but think about tomorrow. that's when you won't bet. yes, great recommendation. thank you very much for taking the time, i am sure that this conversation will definitely be useful to a lot of people. and we do not say goodbye , see the final part of the program. no

incident. how to equip a house in which an elderly person lives, when it’s not worth pulling symptoms that need to be dealt with urgently to the doctor? what is simple and self- evident for young people, for the elderly it is sometimes a problem. people in old age often have difficulty moving from one room to another about how to make it easier for them to be and life in general, right now, we will talk with a geriatrician in one striker. hello, good afternoon ekaterina vadim eduardovich sushinsky candidate of medical sciences associate professor chief freelance specialist of the ministry of health of the republic of belarus in general medical practice head of the department of general medical practice of the belarusian state medical university, chairman of the belarusian society of general practitioners. elderly people, uh, very often, many serious calls are attributed to age, but they say, i

'm getting old, it should be so, but let's that's what should still e alert either the elderly patients themselves, or their relatives in the behavior shift, probably lifestyle that you definitely need to see a doctor, perhaps the most striking and a syndrome that receives a lot of attention. this is a senile age family. everything is just like that certain changes do not concern the most diverse organs and systems, but speaking of geriatric syndromes, there are a lot of them. for example, i would like to recall today, and one of such important syndromes is the fall syndrome and this is the classic geriatric syndrome, which absolutely develops much more often in older age groups and the causes of these falls for the elderly, they are very multifaceted multifactorial. uh, each of which is important and very important. many and we can influence and thus help our elderly people. let's go then

about the reasons, yes, that's the fall, but really the elderly someone says, i was led, i felt dizzy. what is this? again, it's the head. it's something going on with the skeleton. tell me when we talk about falls. this is a very different disease. it can also be a disease of the muscular system. this can damage the skeletal system. this is the nervous system, both central and peripheral. this is a cardiovascular disease and many many others. each of these diseases through complex mechanisms. it may lead to older people falling is observed more often than an elderly person. often seen in visual disturbances. they are the most diverse. a man walks through the city and meets with the elections. banal selected in the asphalt. he may simply not notice it. and as a result get. here is the fall he fell. but he has a biological problem, he has age-related osteoporosis, his bones are already brittle. and this

fall, it can even have a tragic character, because if we take world statistics again, then it is older than, uh, 85 years. that's 5% of the causes of death related fall directly from what did not fall. sorry crashed no, this is a fall and a whole cascade in subsequent events that will lead to the fact that this fall in a person will be fatal. let's talk about other factors. and let's talk about the responsibility of the elderly person himself, because when we talk about aging, but you need to understand that aging is a process for which a person must be ready, a certain e, changes in his behavior are required from him, and so on. well for example, while simple things excessively long skirts or members long pants do not fit, of course, the most attention is paid to shoes. must have a hard back unacceptably shoes

with an absolutely flat surface. it should be moderately soft, but at the same time give a certain elasticity, because these are the two extremes. they also contribute to the fall, and again, speaking about the problems of falls, we are talking about what we can do a lot to ensure that these falls are observed less often, the most important point is still training resistance to the muscular apparatus. that's probably the key, and we're talking about the fact that a person does not care about the living. what age should be at least 150 minutes 2.5 hours of physical activity per week. this allows you to keep a certain tone, it would be nice if you find a like-minded person who is ready to support you and perform these loads. in the presence of someone nearby, it is very important that this is a whole series of exercises for the foot. it's like an exercise that is performed barefoot is like an exercise that

touch the toes, that is, up to standing on one leg or, uh, resting on the toes. this will lead to the fact that, if necessary, a person has to quickly rebuild and again, uh, so that in the end the exercise does not fall. it would be nice to do it first where there is support. well, the simplest options are to simply hold a chair in front of you as a support and continue to perform these exercises. of course, depending on the patient's condition, the complexes can become more complicated. and this is a very important point, because a person already has a number of diseases, various diseases are not in a balanced state according to these, er, diseases. it can act as fall factors, which i'm talking about. well, for example , the frequent state of arterial hypertension is dangerous episodes of hypotension and especially a sharp decrease in blood pressure. here's the pa factor. separately , we must say that for the elderly, orthostatic hypotension is just characteristic, that

is, a person, being in a prone position, goes into a vertical state, and the body is alive organism. diabetes mellitus does not always have time to adapt in the same way. uh, older people. uh, it's quite uh, often a disease, but hypoglycemic episodes of low blood glucose. here is the danger of falling. here we are talking about the central nervous system on the one hand. this is parkinsonism, it is difficult for a person to control the body. and what happens? he just stumbles, you know , and again, here's a reason for you to fall, well, or on the other hand. dizziness dizziness is a complex problem and we can also say that dizziness is a geriatric syndrome, because the cause of immersion can be various factors, but in this situation, dizziness and what you said uh. from the lips of our elderly people led failed. here it is a fall, which, as we

said, can have dangerous consequences in everyday life. here's what you advise the most elderly person and his relatives a person should be. well, let's say it is wide enough and free to pass through the rooms, because if a living person leaves a narrow opening for passage. how he needs a day to turn. here is a separate factor for you to fall in the same way there are tables somewhere, chairs somewhere, stools somewhere. and all this is superfluous separately mats, they are often slippery and a person falls right out from under the foot, and so on , it is recommended that there be rubberized mats. they are special, which are laid on the surface. the same bathroom. they allow a person not to slip in the same way as the problem of thresholds, if repairs are to be made , high thresholds should be avoided in every possible way, and if they are liquid in the house. uh, it seemed, despite the fact that you seem to be used to them, they should be marked most often by bright yellow stripes

so that a person is absolutely right so that a person simply does not fall separately talking about wires. after all, even the smallest postings. oh, which it would seem that we did not even stumble, but it reflexively causes a number of human reactions. uh, yes, yes, the person loses coordination and again the cascade of consequences with the final fall is a separate conversation, of course, posture. unfortunately, the node itself is the room where uh most often people get injured. firstly, for an elderly shower for an elderly, ideally, a shower that is at the surface level at floor level, that is, without these special thresholds and so on, it is fundamentally important that this person has handrails. this also applies to the toilet. this also applies