anseriformes, they are the largest of the waterfowl and have an extremely long neck. not everyone knows that swans familiar to us are called mute. and they have relatives, for example, a more cautious species, whooper swans. the first difference that catches the eye. this is an almost straight neck, which makes whoopers look like ordinary geese. another feature of the whooper swan is not a sociable character, if its cousins, the swan swans, live quietly in the park and human treats can be the basis of their diet, the whoopers remained absolutely wild birds and try to avoid human contact as much as possible. it keeps open water and swims to the shore only when it's time to lay eggs and hatch chicks

for us, the vegetation around the house is a matter of taste, and for whoopers, the question of survival is every year the swan plants eggs for almost a month and a half, so that this time passes safely swan. the family absolutely needs dense thickets, or at least those that will hide their homes from prying eyes, lost among the trembling stalks of the whooper. they begin building a nest from reeds of moss and twigs. they erect a building up to 80 cm high, the construction of the whooper wives is carried out jointly, but on coziness in the family nest, the prerogative of the female inside the swan house is lined with fluff, which the future mom plucks from

her own belly. and not god side by side spend the winter in the spring jointly fly north. first year with them the grown-up swans also travel, not being separated by their parents in warm regions. whoopers are extremely gentle caring and often risk their lives for their own, semey this whooper was born in sweden, this is evidenced by the ring on his neck, apparently, having met a belarusian beloved, he changed his place of residence, but retained a fighting scandinavian disposition, which is not surprising in neighboring finland, whoopers are national symbols and get used to being treated accordingly. despite their

romantic reputation, swans can be very serious opponents, an adult male can break the bones of a human hand with one flap of his wing, ten-kilogram birds can attack swimmers and even people in a boat, so when meeting a swan in a pond, you should be careful. the militant behavior of swans was also reflected in folklore in the middle ages. this bird was considered a military symbol and was depicted on coats of arms, and the swan knight, leigrin is one of the main characters of the legend. warlike and caring, beautiful and selfless some species can take bread from the palm of the hand, others keep at a maximum distance, but in any situation. they retain the nobility, grandeur inherent in a

born aristocrat.

until the beginning of the 20th century, mental problems in older people were associated only with age. however, the question remained open. why, then, does someone manage to maintain clarity of mind, and someone does not, the answer was found by the german psychiatrist alois alzheimer in 1901. he noted in the case of his patient augusts, and after her death, this one was published and a year later the doctors began to use a new term in medicine alzheimer 's disease on the air of the project kamani. my name is ekaterina beletskaya hello, today we will study in detail a rather difficult problem to face, which everyone can watch in the program. genetics or lifestyle causes of senile dementia dementia and alzheimer 's disease what is the difference and whether it is possible to stop the process of neuronal death, scientists are still arguing about what causes

alzheimer's disease, there are even four main versions, like since my colleagues will tell about them now. so far science is reliable. unknown. why alzheimer 's disease occurs, however, there are four main and competing hypotheses. the first version appeared that the disease is provoked by a decrease in the synthesis of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine. however, this hypothesis has now been refuted. since the use of drugs correcting acetylcholine deficiency showed ineffectiveness in 1991, a hypothesis was proposed, omeloidal, according to which the main cause of the disease is beta deposits amyloid group of peptides, in 2018, physicians noted that a decrease in beta amyloid plaques in brain tissues, slowing down cognitive decline, now this theory is the main next hypothesis, called tau, its proponents argue that the disease begins to develop when the tau protein strands come together between themselves and form as a result, tangles inside the

nerve cells and the newest hypothesis says that alzheimer's disease may have an infectious origin. every 20 years, patients diagnosed alzheimer's is becoming twice as common, which is why at least be aware of this disease. everyone needs to continue the topic together with the main freelance gerontologist of the ministry of health of belarus lyudmila averkina. good afternoon. good afternoon lyudmila averkievna zhelevich candidate of medical sciences chief freelance geranthologist of the ministry of health of belarus heads of the republican gerontological center for active longevity chairman of the belarusian public association of geriatricians and gerontologists let me immediately understand the terminology disease alzheimer's and dementia. very often people. let's say. so they say one thing means another, but still, probably, these things are a little different. they seem to be different, but in principle, this is also the same

neurogenerative process in the brain that occurs in alzheimer's disease. alzheimer's - this is always accompanied by dementia manifestations. yes, that is the same dementia. that is, it is like a symptom or a syndrome of some other disease, venice it can also be accompanied, for example, by brain tumors. she may accompany problems associated with the consequences of traumatic brain injury with stroke, that is, the substrate for dementia. these are some manifestations of the cerebral cortex. it could be uh injury. this may be associated with degeneration, for example, the processes of some underlying diseases , most often these are vascular diseases. such as arterial hypertension diabetes mellitus. coronary heart disease and atherosclerosis alzheimer - this disease is most often hereditary and it is a problem of transmission of nerve impulses in the cerebral cortex. causes

some of the reasons for it are still completely unknown - it is the deposition of such a specific tau protein for the care of the vascular bed and a gradual replacement occurs. these are the active zones of the brain and gradually these active zones are turned off and the person loses his intellect, thinking and motor activity. you said that where menses can lead to brain tumors. yes, and vascular problems. that is, not always. this is an age story. yes, in fact, dementia is age-related so-called. yes this is when we logically we assume that there is a problem of the value of atherosclerosis, yes, irritating arterial hypertension of the disease, of course these processes. in a certain number of the elderly population, especially after 75 years, symptoms of dementia are most often manifested. but this is not yet edema. this is a violation of cognitive functions, that is, a person. maybe a little. eh, so, as they say, he

has problems with perception, memory, thinking, but they are not catastrophic and very, very, very long and gradually go to deep it. so to speak, longevity, the situation with alzheimer's this process is inevitable and there is a gradual decline in certain functions and in the final composition a person loses his intellect completely, and he is already, as they say, not with us, not with ours, yes, society, that is, this is a person who has lost his intellect and physical activity, and uh, j. unfortunately, this process can occur not against the background of some underlying diseases, but its causes. these are precisely those deep, so to speak, processes in the brain itself. this is a chronic incurable disease in alzheimer's disease and the process. well let’s say memory loss, but it’s already for sure, yes, it’s impossible to stop, but maybe somehow it’s possible, well, slow it down, or something, or maybe early

diagnosis, which, well, you just know, but in the modern world , but it’s like it’s already about 40 and you sometimes forget what happened yesterday, maybe this is the same thing and you need to see a doctor. i ask how the experts. actually it is, to be honest, a question, because some people say. oh, i'm starting to forget too. yes, i'm there who forgot the keys, who is there to turn off the gas? this, i guess that's what calms me down. no, if it's gone by tomorrow, then everything is fine. if you control this process, then everything is fine. that is, it is of such a functional temporary nature with dementia and alzheimer's disease - it's gradual, but every day it's getting worse with dementia - it's coming to an end. slowly, but dementia can occur quickly, that is, unlike alzheimer's here, alzheimer's, we see today forgot the clues. tomorrow he forgot to turn off the gas and he forgets it every day and he starts this man adapts, but he does not have a

critical assessment of all this. if at the domain, if a person always says, i forgot to turn off the gas, then when i go out at the front door, i will write a note to myself. look, then, if i turned off the gas, then, look, if i put the keys there, here are the phones and so on and so forth, then he controls and adapts and a fairly good quality of life arises for him. with alzheimer's , these functions fall out, he does not try to fight them, and every day this progress is growing and in this case. uh, it’s very hard for him to assess this himself, most often it is noticed by someone who is close and if we talk about dementia, what’s good, well, then you know it’s good, but some must be said, positive is most often vascular dementia in our republic belarus is the largest percentage - it 's not alzheimer's. alzheimer. in our country, as they say,

this process is expressed as a percentage in comparison with dementia for today 14. the rest is vascular dementia of strokes. yes, yes, after a stroke, maybe be associated with some kind of injury. this may be related to stress. it could be high cholesterol. this is a huge metal - it turns out, body weight, diabetes mellitus, the so-called metabolic syndrome. and this is also the path to dementia. that is , at this stage, i want to make such an exclamation mark, because this is a sign of a healthy lifestyle. if a person works on himself , he understands what in his life prevents him from being healthy and engages in physical activity , eats properly, if he controls his performance , health, such as body mass index, cholesterol, sugar, blood and other indicators that are important for him, that affect vascular manifestations, then, in principle, this dementia can stretch up to 12 years and slowly. as they say

, grow and practically do not interfere. it does not adapt, or it grows quickly in the case of alzheimer's, this process, as i said, is inevitable, and here, probably, the question is more for relatives. they must understand what will happen. and what needs to be done at each stage, to create such a, well, necessary quality of life for this person, because today he forgets. and tomorrow we can't leave him at home. and this is where the question arises, when should we talk about his will. that is, while he is conscious and can intellectually evaluate his own. problems, as they say. he's got to tell us the most important things, and you know, it's always such a sensitive subject, but he's got to tell me where to bury me. yes, what is my will in relation to inheritance there, yes, to whom i give my beloved figurine, with whom? i want to meet, for example,

bye. i am still ready for a dialogue, relatives should understand that then he will go beyond the bounds of our social perception, and he will no longer be with us practically in society, he will have anemia, that is, he will no longer show emotions. he will sit down, what is called in a wheelchair and every day when we will ask questions for the day when we do not receive this answer, therefore it is very important here these stages are known to people close to consult with psychiatrists with a neurologist and in principle, this person needs to be worked on, because the vascular component of the walzheimers is still there. but uh, here it’s already like if you need to understand. these are all social issues, this is a difficult topic. how to communicate, how to behave with a sick person at different stages, how not to harm him and save him. uh, my health, including psychological, and right

now my colleagues will continue. ether 24/7 is a project in which within 20 minutes you will learn more about the key events of the past week, who scored the most of your likes on our social networks. make exciting online trips to the most picturesque corners of belarus and make your own rating of the tv project in documentaries and series that you should watch. evening , our

society has recently increased, that is, the number of the elderly population has increased, which means that this means that the problem of dementia, it has become more relevant and it is imperative to talk about these topics, that is, it falls a certain way time, for whom, for the people who care for yes, and for society, in principle, as a whole. remember that communication is made up of such important elements 55% of communication is our body language. this is our facial expression. this is our posture and this is gestures further, we must think that the second element of our

communication with our relative with dementia, 38 percent or so approximately consists of our speech. that is, how we communicate, how we speak, with what tone. at what pitch do we deliver our speech? why is this important, because our close relatives mom, dad very clear perceives how they are treated and how they communicate with him, they may not be able to express it verbally. why because communication is lost in the choice of words of communication, it is very important to make clear eye contact and speak by name with our loved ones with dementia. speak calmly and evenly. you don't need to ask questions. that is, mom, for example, what will you wear today, either we will wear a yellow jacket,

or it is very difficult for a dementia patient. you gotta motivate mom and a jacket day further. it is very important to say this in a calm, even tone, that is, we also need to know some of such a set of rules that our relatives suffering from dementia find it difficult for them to perceive a large crowd of people, that is, we should not take our relative to the shopping center, be sure to take him by the arm . pay attention to danger very carefully outside the home, what is danger people with dementia very often do not feel danger when they uh, cross the road, they can go directly without waiting for transport lead to difficult circumstances, so it is very

important to take a friend with gestures to show where we are going if we change the trajectory of the walk. we must clearly plan our walk with our loved ones. dementia does not always apply to older people and people of such senile age. it comes up much earlier. even for us there were such cases. you know, when a very smart old woman tells me that i know what pasta looks like. i take them in my hands, but i don't know what not to do with them. how to cook them. how to turn on plate like this. if we are talking about how our relatives with dementia adjust to being at home. we have to foresee something unequivocally we have to foresee that we have shutdowns under supervision. here are household appliances very often indeed, this becomes such a trigger for the development of anxious depressive

states, and in this case i want to say one thing, that you are not alone. don't be afraid to ask for help. don't be afraid to ask for help from those who help. yes, so the people of the profession, the way we are really modern people, we can turn to certain self-support forums for help, yes, i mean, there are really forms of self-support where, uh, people communicate with each other people who are in the same situation as you, i.e. help each other tell a story very often to these people. i would like to speak out, and we hold consultations, consultations on various issues related to the care of communication. e being away from home is very often like not to survive. i give my life. yes, completely the most important thing is not to lose yourself

asking for help i'm sure there are people who can help you get out. and it would seem. difficult situations, that is, this is about what i say, do not be afraid to talk about it, on the contrary, talk more about it to your friends to your children. say what happens to grandparents with mom and dad, that is, when we are in communication, when we know that we are not alone, sometimes you even need to delegate. do you know help, what does it mean, you need to ask that, in addition to you , another relative replace yes for a while, but if in if this is not a relative, then it is worth asking for help from the appropriate

relevant service. very often this is loneliness. it really creates different moments. when it will be necessary to turn to a psychotherapeutic specialist. let 's just say yes, and it will be a little late. therefore , what we are talking about today is very important. now i remind you that you are watching the noukomania project. today we study alzheimer's disease and look further. the sooner the better, how not to miss the first symptoms of an insidious disease. diagnosis is one test for the whole family. is it possible to find a common language with a person in dementia, and if there are cures for senile dementia, we will find out very soon? in what way did our ancestors store the products of the real male

craft of cooperage? our pancakes are not for nothing that we are called bulbash. myths and legends nearby popular culture in all its glory watch every week the project of fashion for culture on belarus 24 tv channel. we have already touched a little on the topic that the problems here are vascular dementia. yes, they can cause tumors. some kind of injury. and if we talk about alzheimer, hmm, it's still old age, or like all

diseases in the last few years, well, 5-10 years, and alzheimer, maybe also getting younger, unfortunately, alzheimer is also getting younger. well, of course, it has always been considered a disease of an elderly person of a deeply elderly person. why, for example, are we talking about this so much now. we began to live longer. it's like oncologists, they say, everyone lives, for example, to some problems that may be associated with some problems. eh, that means cognitive area. he cannot be in such a wonderful thought process all the time, that is, some functions he has, they sag a little, so-called waltz gamers too. he rejuvenated, why because it is again an injury. this is again a brain tumor, that is, the substrate, perhaps, but already on the background. this is the substratum that degenerates and then develops, and this is what we call

alzheimer, so you know, uh, i really like it. so i was abroad, and i want that in our country, too, we are now actively implementing these schools. uh, there people take care of their cognitive sphere much in advance, that is, at about 50 years old. everyone understands that the worst thing for me is alzheimer's or dementia, because no matter how i was physically, no matter how saved or not. if my head is not right , then it will be a problem for me and for my relatives, and they go to special schools where they spend both children and training. that is, it is also the elderly who are already more than such a retirement age freely. they know that i every week on a specific day. i go to kulu cognitive training where i get my homework work, i prevent my dementia. so that's the direction. now we also did it at our republican gerontological center, we call these classes neurofitness. and we are

actively working and will produce this useful practice, in general in our republic, but on our own somehow it is possible, but to postpone this whole story and how old you should start, you know, when they tell me you from what age? yesterday i literally held an action in one of the schools, and when i asked the children a question. please tell us how we see ourselves in old age. well, it is clear that they must be healthy and active. they said it was so important that they remember. what are their names, well, and immortality at the same time. that is, everyone tries to draw for themselves this picture of such a positive old one and when im asked a question. so what should be done here, everyone thought so, in fact, it should be done. and then you have to do it. here, starting from from childhood, from childhood, it is the responsibility of parents to teach children proper physical education, the desire to work intellectually on their brains, because the brain is a product that also requires constant processing, and

therefore this healthy lifestyle is there, a bored tiredness to us, don’t drink words there, don't smoke. there it is, in fact, there is prevention of both alzheimer's and dementia, including therefore, if you start this, you need to start generally sculpting your communication with the body, starting from childhood, but bells that may sound. probably from the age of fifty, because we already see many patients come to us at the age of 50 and these manifestations of dementia, that is, a violation of the cognitive sphere. we already notice them somewhere, but i read that this whole story with age has problems with the head. yes, this is including, well, someone thinks, huh? due to the fact that a very large amount of information. uh, now it's on us at all and the people who, for example, work with her. they. well, let 's just say in the risk group, is it so, although on the other sides. you say, on the contrary, to load the bridge, load it, train it so that it

is constantly on the move, then maybe, but maybe it burns out at some point. you know, you are absolutely right. why because here we are talking about overvoltage, that is, here we need to find this balance, for example, people who are engaged in it areas. here they are looking at this screen. they forget that in 20-30 minutes they have to get up, they have to work. as they say, do some eye exercises with their muscles, so that they as they say, defuse the tension that they must go through this culture. no, that is, you're working here, as to exhaustion. and then a period. here is the recovery, it does not restore this function, including the brain, e, it somehow sets in overstrain, rejection of any information, rejection of productive work. this is if it accumulates, here is this accumulation yes, it can also cause a violation of the cognitive sphere and the development of neurotrigenerative manifestations in the brain, so you should always look for it here balance, but there is a very good rule, it

works 100%. that is, if you work, as they say with your brain, then you have to work well physically, and this balance is optimal, so, of course, a person is looking for his own balance. for example, uh, in old age we recommend them. uh, except we're evolving. that is, we are accumulating some kind of looking for new information, but at the same time it is physical activity. this is physical activity, this direction is called art therapy, that is, it physical activity to music, and this combination. for example, she supports the cognitive sphere very well. i can't wait for this question. but did scientists never think and look for a pill for these senile diseases. well, well, any disease somehow. equally treated with drugs. and here, that's how much we talked to you and not a word about a tablet is such an absolute pill has not been found, so far we hope you know that the whole world is working on this problem. but what is today

if this is a vascular manifestation of dementia, then there are really a lot of drugs that support a person and suspend it. yes, i already say sometimes that i understand that you are there, well, you will not be completely cured, because everything that you have accumulated will remain with you, but to suspend in order to reach the plateau and, in principle, be in a good quality of life. and what is a good quality of life, it is in the first place, regardless of others. that is, you will be able to serve yourself and , uh, thereby free the members of the able-bodied their families so that they can, as they say, work and also live a full life. this is probably very important. and so, therefore, i also call on people who are well on their way to this age. a bowl, that means the development of dementia, these are the factors that i spoke about, here is responsibility, not only to yourself, but also to members of your family. well , i wish you health, and, of course, health, and understanding from your patients. they are not

simple themselves, too. we say goodbye. and you watched the project of science, health, you and your loved ones and before live meetings. the leather hero maya, his non-repeated history of living thee and the creativity of becoming, the children mold something there, yes, but for me it was so natural, but blind to me well, i blinded you, but i stuck authority to the whole group. i instantly took off, and the years of the one

that they have eaten new? i'm bloody waiting to realize my full potential when i'm pouring resin. in this silicone mold, i myself can’t fully imagine what will happen on the reverse side, and every time it’s wow, it’s delight and i want to do it. even more advanced generation give, but the gas-cons fixed everything. with amazement , this is how my son is now. uh, it doesn’t even help me, i try to change the situation so that i help him, so that he is the director of the belarusian project about people. which ones they stumble with with their paddles, since i fell in love with this resin. i just live, i breathe it, look at the tv channel belarus 20 shatyry.

hello , and the main events in the country by this time had a new two-lane bridge for motorists and pedestrians, a new lane, and small residents of the capital received gifts from a modernized kindergarten by november 7th.