[000:00:00;00] according to the prosecutor general, the teachers of the international university had an important conversation on the day against fascism and nazism, almost daily it is possible to reveal new evidence that the fascists and nationalists of the ukrainian lithuanian, latvian and polish units, as well as other punitive services, destroyed civilians on the territory of the bssr according to the latest data at least 3 million people were destroyed more. what was it in the official chronicle. the most current figure is not less than 10.215, the number of death camps destroyed by the forces of the villages on the territory of the bssr in those years was also much higher. we additionally identified another 50 death camps. i think there will be much more of them, and those forms of methods of killing people that were

used there, well, in fact, they don’t clog with all the possible ones that humanity could stop in barbaric ways of destroying people, including children, to determine material damage it took a lot of painstaking work, this amount, as noted by the prosecutor general, is really very large later, it will be made public by this minute. i have everything until the meeting at 19:00.

until the beginning of the twentieth century, mental problems in older people were associated only with age. however, the question remained open. why, then, does someone manage to maintain clarity of mind, and someone does not, the answer was found by the german psychiatrist alois alzheimer in 1901. he noted in the case of his patient the augusts, and after her this death was published and a year later, doctors began to use a new term in medicine, alzheimer 's disease, on the air of the project kamani. my name is ekaterina bledskaya. hello. today we will study in detail a rather difficult problem to face, which everyone can look at in the program. genetics or lifestyle causes of senile dementia dementia and alzheimer 's disease what is the difference and is it possible to stop the process of neuronal death? scientists are still arguing about what causes the disease there are even four main versions of alzheimer's, and

my colleagues will talk about them now. so far science is reliable. unknown. why alzheimer 's disease occurs, however, there are four main and competing hypotheses. the first version appeared that the disease is provoked by a decrease in the synthesis of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine. however, this hypothesis has now been refuted. since the use of drugs correcting acetylcholine deficiency showed ineffectiveness in 1991, a hypothesis was proposed, omeloid, according to which the main cause of the disease is the deposition of beta amyloid peptide group, in 2018, doctors noted that the decrease in beta amyloid plaques in brain tissues, slowing down the decline in cognitive functions. now this theory is the main next hypothesis, called tau, its supporters argue that the disease begins to develop when not titau, proteins combine with each other and form tangles inside nerve cells, and the newest hypothesis says that

alzheimer's disease may have an infectious origin. every 20 years, patients diagnosed alzheimer's is becoming twice as common, which is why at least be aware of this disease. everyone needs to continue the topic together with the main freelance gerontologist. ministry of health of belarus lyudmila verkina. good afternoon. good afternoon lyudmila averkievna zhelevich candidate of medical sciences chief freelance geranthologist of the ministry of health of belarus heads of the republican gerontological center for active longevity chairman of the belarusian public association of geriatricians and gerontologists let me immediately understand the terminology disease alzheimer's and dementia. very often people. let's say. so they say one thing and mean another, but still, probably, these things are a little different. they seem to be different, but in principle, this is also the same

neurogenerative process in the brain that occurs in alzheimer's disease. alzheimer's - this is always accompanied by dementia manifestations. yes, that is the same dementia. that is, it is like a symptom or a syndrome of some other disease, venice it can also be accompanied, for example, by brain tumors. she may accompany problems associated with the consequences of traumatic brain injury with stroke, that is, the substrate for dementia. these are some manifestations of the cerebral cortex. it could be uh injury. this degeneration may be associated with, for example, the processes of some underlying diseases , most often this is a vascular disease. such as arterial hypertension diabetes mellitus. coronary heart disease and atherosclerosis alzheimer - this disease is most often hereditary and it is a problem of transmission of nerve impulses in the cerebral cortex. causes it is still completely unknown, part of the

reason is that this specific tau protein is deposited to care for the vascular bed and a gradual replacement occurs. these are the active zones of the brain and the gradual active zones turn off and the person loses his intellect and thinking and motor activity. you said that where menses can lead to brain tumors. yes, and vascular problems. that is, not always. this is an age story. yes, in fact, dementia is age-related so-called. yes this is when we logically we assume that there are problems associated with atherosclerosis, yes, irritating arterial hypertension of the disease, of course these processes. in a certain number of the elderly population, especially after 75 years, symptoms of dementia are most often manifested. but this is not yet dementia, this is a violation of cognitive functions, that is, a person. maybe a little. eh, so, as they say, he

has problems with perception being memory thinking, but they are not catastrophic and very, very, very long and gradually go to deep it. so to say, longevity, the situation with alzheimer's, this process is inevitable and there is a gradual decline in certain functions and in the final composition a person loses his intellect completely, and he, as they say, is not with us, not with ours, yes, society, that is, this is a person who has lost intelligence and motor activity, and er, k. unfortunately, this process can occur not against the background of some underlying diseases, but its cause. these are precisely those deep, so to speak, processes in the brain itself. it's a chronic incurable disease in alzheimer's disease a process. well , let's just say memory loss, but uh, it's already for sure, yes, uh, you can't stop it, but maybe somehow you can, well, slow it down, or something, or maybe early

diagnosis, which, well, you just know, but in in the modern world, but it’s like it’s already about 40 and you sometimes forget what happened yesterday, maybe this is the same thing and you need to see a doctor. i ask how the experts. actually it is, to be honest, a question, because some people say. oh, i'm starting to forget too. yes i am there who forgot the keys, who is there to turn off the gas? this is probably what i calm down. no, if it's gone by tomorrow, then everything is fine. if you control this process, then everything is fine. that is, it is of such a functional temporary nature with dementia and alzheimer's disease - it's gradual, but every day it gets worse. come germans - this is the edge. nie slowly but fumes can occur quickly, that is, in contrast to this from a gamer. here is alzheimer's, we see today forgot the keys. tomorrow he forgot to turn off gas, and he forgets it every day, and he begins to adapt this person, but he does not have a

critical assessment of all this. if at the domain, if a person always says, i forgot to turn off the gas, then when i go out at the front door, i will write a note to myself. look, then, if i turned off the gas, then, look, if i put the keys, there are phones and so on and so forth, then he controls adapts and he has a fairly good quality of life. with alzheimer's, these functions fall out, they try to fight them and every day this progress is growing in this case too. eh, it's very hard for him. this is more valuable , most often it is noticed by someone who is close and if we talk about dementia, what is good, well, then you know this is good, but somehow positive is most often vascular in our republic of belarus, this is the largest percentage. it's not exactly alzheimer's alzheimer 's. we do not, as they say, expressed as a percentage, compared with dementia

, this percentage of everything. percentage is all the rest is vascular dementia strokes. yes, yes, after strokes it can be associated with some kind of injury. this may be related to stress. it could be high cholesterol. this is a huge metal- so they say body weight, diabetes mellitus , the so-called metabolic syndrome. and this is also the path to dementia. that is, at this stage, i want to make such an exclamation mark because this is a sign of a healthy lifestyle. if a person works on himself, he understands what in his life prevents him from being healthy and engages in physical activity, eats properly, if he controls his health indicators, such as body mass index, cholesterol, sugar, blood and other indicators that are important for him, which affect the vascular manifestation, then, in principle, this dementia can stretch up to 120 years and slowly.

as they say grow and practically. he adapts to it, or it grows quickly in the case of alzheimer's, this process, as i said, is inevitable, and here, probably, this is more a question for relatives. they must understand what will happen. and what needs to be done at each stage, to create such a, well, necessary quality of life for this person, because today he forgets. and tomorrow we can't leave him at home. and this is where the question arises, when should we talk about his will. that is, while he is conscious and can intellectually evaluate his own. problems, as they say. he's got to tell us the most important things, and you know, it's always such a sensitive subject, but he's got to tell me where to bury me. yes, what is my will in relation to inheritance there, yes, to whom i give my beloved figurine, with whom? i want to meet, for example,

bye. i am still ready for a dialogue, relatives should understand that then he will go beyond the bounds of our social perception, and he will no longer be with us practically in society, he will have anemia, that is, he will no longer show emotions. he will sit down, what is called in a wheelchair and every day when we will ask questions for the day when we do not receive this answer, therefore it is very important here these stages are known to people close to consult with psychiatrists with a neurologist and in principle, this person needs to be worked on, because the vascular component of the walzheimers still exists. but uh, here it’s already as if you need to understand that all these social issues are somehow a difficult topic. how to communicate, how to behave with a sick person at different stages, how not to harm him and save him. uh, my health, including psychological, and right

now my colleagues will continue. in our society lately, yes, that is , the number of the elderly population has increased, what does this mean, this means that the problem dementia, it has become more relevant and it is imperative to talk about these topics, that is, it falls for a certain time on someone who cares further and on society, in principle, as a whole. remember that communication consists of such, well, important elements 55% of communication is our body language. this is our facial expression. this is our posture. and

these are our gestures further. we have to think that the second element of two is our communication with our relative with dementia, about 38 percent approximately consists of our speech. that there is how we communicate, how we speak, with what tone. at what pitch do we deliver our speech? why is this important, because our relatives , mother, father, are very clear. they perceive how they are treated and how they communicate with him, they may not be able to express it verbally. why because communication is lost in the choice of words of communication, it is very important to clearly look into the eyes and speak by name with our relatives suffering. speak

calmly and evenly. you don't need to ask questions. that is, mom, for example, what we will be today dress, either we will wear a yellow jacket, or it is very difficult for a dementia patient. you must encourage mom and the day of the jacket next. it is very important to say this in a calm, even tone, that is, we also need to know some of such a set of rules that our relatives suffering from dementia find it difficult for them to perceive a large crowd of people, that is, we should not take our relative to the shopping center, be sure to take his hand. pay attention to the danger very carefully outside the home, what is the danger of people suffering people with dementia very often do not feel danger when they cross the road, they can

go straight without waiting for transport. this can lead to difficult circumstances, so it is very important to take a hand with gestures to show where we are going if we change the trajectory of the walk. we must clearly plan our walk with our loved ones . dementia does not always apply to older people and people of such senile age. it occurs much earlier. and we had such cases. you know when it's quite, smart old woman, tells me that i know what pasta looks like. i take them in my hands, but i don't know what not to do with them. how to cook them. how to turn on the stove? so, if we are talking about how our relatives sick children adapt to being at home. we must unequivocally provide for something, we must provide that we

have supervision of the conclusion of household appliances very often indeed, this becomes such a trigger for the development of anxious depressive states, and in this case i want to say, but what you are not alone. don't be afraid to ask for help. don't be afraid to ask for help from those who help. yes, people of the profession, since we are really modern people, we can turn to certain self-support forums for help, yes, i mean, there really are such forms of self-support, where, uh, people communicate with each other , people who are in the same situation, like you, that is, help each other tell a story very often to these people. i would like to speak out, and we hold consultations, consultative receptions on various issues,

care-related communications. e being away from home is very often like not to survive. i give my life. yes, the most important thing is not to lose yourself, you do not seek help, i am sure that there are people who will help you be. and it would be complicated. situations, that is, it's about what i 'm talking about, don't be afraid to talk about it, on the contrary , talk more about it to your friends to your children. say what happens to grandparents to mom and dad, that is, when we are in communication, when we know that we are not alone, sometimes you even need to delegate. do you know help, what does it mean, you need to ask for another relative to replace yes besides you for a while,

but if in the case of this relative there is no then you should seek help from the appropriate relevant service. very often this is loneliness. it really creates different moments. when it will be necessary to turn to a psychotherapeutic specialist. let 's just say yes, and it will be a little late. therefore , what we are talking about today is very important. now i remind you that you are watching the noukomania project. today we study alzheimer's disease and look further. the sooner the better, how not to miss the first symptoms of an insidious disease diagnosis one test for the whole family. is it possible to find a common language with a person in dementia, if

we will find out very soon the cure for dementia? we have already touched a little on the topic that problems. here, vascular dementia, some injuries can cause tumors here. and if we talk about alzheimer, hmm, is it still old age or like everyone else disease in the past, but a few, well, 5-10 years old alzheimer, maybe too young. unfortunately, alzheimer's also gets younger, but, of course, it has always been considered a disease of the elderly. a deeply deeply elderly person. why, for example, are we talking about this so much now. we began to live longer. it's like oncologists, they say, everyone lives, for example, to some problems that may be associated with some problems. uh, so he's talking human in the cognitive realm. he can't be in such a beautiful place all the time. thought process, that is, some functions he has, they sag a little bit, so we call him a waltz

gamers, too. well done why, because this is again an injury, this is again a brain tumor, that is, the substrate, perhaps, but already on the background. it is this substrate that degenerates and then develops. and here's our so-called alzheimer, so you know, uh, i really like it. so i was abroad, and i want us to actively implement these schools in our country too. uh, there people take care of their cognitive sphere much earlier, that is, about 50 years. everyone understands that the worst thing for me is alzheimer's or dementia, because no matter how i was physically, no matter how saved or not. if i don't have a good head, then it will be a problem for me and for my relatives, and they go to special schools where they spend like children on this training. that is, it is also the elderly who are already more than such a retirement age freely. they know that i go to this school on a certain day every week.

cognitive training, where i get homework work, i prevent my dementia. so that's the direction. now we also did it at our republican gerontological center, we call these classes neurofitness. and we are actively working and will produce this useful practice, in general in our republic, but on our own somehow it is possible, but to postpone this whole story and how old you should start, you know, when they tell me how old you are and i literally spent yesterday action in one of the uh, schools and when i asked the children a question. please tell us how we see ourselves in old age. well, it is clear that they must be healthy active. they said it was so important that they remember. what are their names. well, and at the same time immortality that is, everyone tries to draw for himself this picture of such a positive old age. and when im asked a question. so what should be done here all wondered. so actually it is

necessary to do not that it is necessary to do. here, starting from childhood, from childhood, you need this responsibility parents to teach their children proper physical education, the desire to work intellectually on their brain, because the brain is the product that also requires constant processing, and therefore this healthy lifestyle is boring and boring to us, don’t drink words there. do not smoke. there, in fact, there is prevention of both alzheimer's and dementia, including therefore, if you start this, you need to start generally sculpting your communication with the body, starting from childhood, but the bells that may sound. that's probably with fifty years old, because we already see many patients come to us at the age of 50, and these manifestations of dementia, that is, a violation of the cognitive sphere. we already notice about them, i read somewhere that this whole story with age is a problem with the head. yes, this is including, well, someone thinks, huh?

that's a very large amount of information. uh, now it's on us at all and the people who, for example, work with her. they. well, let's just say in the risk group, is it so, although on the other hand. you say vice versa on the domost load load load to train him so that he is constantly on the move, then maybe, but he, maybe he burns out at some point, you know absolutely right. why because here we are talking about not overexerting, that is, we need to find this balance, for example, people who are engaged in it areas. here they are watching this screen. they sell that in 20-30 minutes they have to get up, they have to work. as they say, do some exercises with your eye muscles in order to defuse them, as they say, that they must go through this culture. no, that is, you're working here, as you get there, disrespect. and then a period. here is the restoration, it does not restore this function, including the brain. well, it turns out that overstrain sets in, rejection of any information of rejection of productive work, and this is if it

accumulates. here is the accumulation. yes, it can also cause a violation of the cognitive sphere and the development of neuroregenerative manifestations in the brain, so here you always have to look for a balance, but there is a very good rule, it works 100%, that if you work, as they say brains, it means that you have to work well physically, and this balance here is optimal, therefore, of course, a person is looking for his own balance. for example, uh, in old age we recommend them. uh, except we're evolving. that is, we are accumulating some kind of looking for new information, but at the same time it is physical activity. this is physical activity, this direction is called art therapy, that is, it is physical activity to music, and this combination. for example, she supports the cognitive sphere very well. i can't help asking this question. but did scientists never think and look for a pill for these senile diseases. well, well, any disease somehow