for security reasons, the total amount of military assistance to ukraine from finland without five minutes of a nato member has already amounted to more than 160 million. the russian foreign ministry confirmed the automatic extension of the grain deal for 120 days, but clearly warned any attempts to use the humanitarian corridor. in the black sea, provocative military purposes will be resolutely suppressed. it was also noted that after repeated reminders, efforts began to be made to unblock about three hundred thousand tons of russian fertilizers that russia donates to needy, developing countries blocks most of the strategic cargo, latvia gratitude to those who grow bread, produce milk and supply fresh vegetables and fruits to our tables, on the eve of the professional holiday, state awards were immediately awarded to 13

farmers, minsk region, a solemn ceremony the award ceremony took place today at the national art museum of the capital, agronomist tractor driver and farm managers, the owners of medals for labor merits became nine people, four more specialists, received thanks from the president, belarus is a very great pride and this is such an award that makes you want to cry, you appreciated this is expensive for its production. i put all my soul, let's say all my love. i really love my profession. i have love , i am happy to go to work. uh, grains, taking into account the slavery of the minsk region, 2.750.000 almost 3 million is uh, in fact, a very significant result, behind which is the work of a huge number. e people, e we in animal husbandry. maybe not so quickly, as we would like, but, nevertheless, we are increasing the volume of milk production, increasing the productivity of our dairy herd

, we are building a new building, of course, as a result, as a finish line - this is our processing today, in addition to that, here are the export figures, we we don't say much about it. it is important that today all processing works profitably. employees of the agro-industrial complex will celebrate their professional holiday this sunday at this time it is also customary to sum up the results of the agricultural year and make plans for the future so next season for agrore. in the central region, at least 25 dairy farms will be erected with high yields and a noticeably rite of passage equipment by this hour. it's all news. see you at 19:00.

at the beginning of the last century, this diagnosis was considered fatal, and even surgeons, until the early twenties, did not operate on people with this disease if they had gangrene, because in more than 95% of cases patients died, then doctors generally knew practically nothing about how to treat diabetes mellitus, and it is about him and kept patients on starvation diets 100 years later. everything has changed drastically with the observance of all medical recommendations. people with this diagnosis live ordinary even active lives in the air of lukomania. my name is ekaterina bereska. hello. and as you already understood. today we will

talk about a sweet illness and its bitter consequences, if treatment is not started in time, stay with us and you will find out in the next half hour. through and through, what do the ancient greeks mean when they describe diabetes. the main supplier of energy in the body the whole truth about insulin and we will tell and show the latest research on ati mediabet from our scientists and show it soon. the term diabetes comes from the greek and translates as passing through. why did the ancient greeks call this disease in this way in our next material? for the first time, the term diabetes mellitus was introduced into medical practice in the second century and literally translates diabetes. how to pass through, just such a name was chosen, because in this disease, nutrients pass without being utilized only in the middle of the 19th century, medical research showed that there was a link

between diabetes mellitus and the pancreas in the late 1850s, the french physician pierre piori suggested increasing the sugar intake of patients to compensate for its loss in the urine, but after 20 years, another french doctor noticed that a balanced diet and physical activity improves the condition of patients, and after another 20 years. romanian scientists pauelesca in paris began to study the internal secretion of the pancreas. for many years, it took scientists to bring out a pure pancreas extract only in 1955, the british chemist sanger of a group of co-authors, received the nobel prize for revealing the primary structure of insulin from that moment and began a new era of treatment of the study of diabetes. well , now i propose to go to the main part of the program in the studio on lukomania endocrinologist aleksey romanovsky aleksey antonovich hello aleksey antonovich romanovsky candidate of medical sciences endocrinologist associate professor of the department of

endocrinology of the belarusian medical academy postgraduate education area of ​​expertise diabetology and associated cardiovascular diseases, tyre and dalogy emergency endocrinology member of the european association for the study of diabetes , international diabetes federation, european and belarusian association of endocrinologists. let's first find out what is insulin and what is glucose and in general how are they connected to each other and are connected insulin is a hormone that is produced by the pancreas by beta cells and insulin lowers blood glucose levels. insulin - this is the main hormone that regulates the entire metabolism of the entire metabolism, that is, insulin regulates the metabolism of glucose under the action of insulin , protein is synthesized and muscles grow. under the action of insulin, fat is synthesized and under the action of insulin, slow carbohydrates, starch , or as we call it glycogen, are synthesized in the muscles and in the

liver. that is, it is one of the main metabolic analytical human hormones, what happens to this hormone and why this happens to it. e, if a person is diagnosed with diabetes, usually a diagnosis of diabetes indicates that the a person does not have enough insulin to ensure normal metabolism and, first of all, this is manifested by a high level of glucose or sugar in the blood, because in addition to regulating metabolism, insulin helps to ensure that glucose penetrates into the cell. glucose is food for our cells. and without insulin, glucose does not enter the cells, metabolism is disturbed. this is diabetes mellitus, when there is little insulin there is type 1 diabetes, there is type 2. tell me what's the difference, what's scarier. eh, is everything treated with the first type of diabetes mellitus, the immune system of the person himself destroys beta cells, that is, it is an

autoimmune disease. and there is such a serious genetic basis. insulin becomes scarce, and then it disappears altogether, because all the beta cells killed by their own immune system in such patients are less than 10% popular, for example, in the republic of belarus today there are 19,700 of them. and here is the second type of diabetes. this is the most common diabetes in our republic of belarus today registered there are 363,000 such patients and every year the number of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus increases in our republic by approximately 20,000. i mean, it's such a big problem. with the first type, there really is a predisposition and some sort of triggering factor, some kind of strong stress infection. may lead to this. basically, prevention. as such, the first type does not exist, but in the second type there are two factors. these are polygenic diseases, that is, many genes are responsible for the development of obesity for the development diabetes mellitus of the second type

, the disease develops here half as a result of some genetic predispositions of the same family pineapple and half is due to lifestyle. let's take a break and find out. what kind of research on the topic of diabetes are our scientists. the essence of the study was to determine, first of all, the ultrastructural changes that lie at the very beginning at the very basis of the development of the disease. that is. uh, when we consider a human patient with some problem. we already see his manifestations of the disease, he has complaints, and when the process is just beginning. it can start from the smallest structures, that is, at the cellular level,

er, at the level of its organs at the level of small vessels, that is, the microvasculature. this is something we were interested in seeing. that is, it was we who, in the first place, wanted to investigate, in principle, the studies that were carried out at our institute with our laboratory. it was a very long period of time. we were held studies first on experimental animals. this is, of course, the white laboratory rat of our vivarium. institute of physiology diabetes mellitus. in particular research. this issue was covered somewhere. well, about four years to conclude. at stages e, we looked at some laboratory parameters and blood cells of already patients who have been verified, that is , diagnosed with diabetes mellitus , in cooperation with clinicians, the main conclusions, the most important very first target that takes a hit in diabetes diabetes. this is me brain weight. that is, it was the vessels of the microvasculature of the brain and the brain tissue that were damaged in the first place. e, ultrastructures of endothelial cells, that

is, those cells that line inside e, vessels of blood growth frontal lobes. and changes in platelets were expressed, that is, they were prone to increased aggregation. that is, they accumulated together formed such conglomerates and pronounced changes in red blood cells, that is, erythrocytes. and when we examined the erythrocytes of experimental animals. it was a very pronounced picture, that is, all the erythrocytes were not only of different sizes, but also of different shapes, and they again were inclined to form their conglomerates. why does all this lead in parallel to the fact that the thickness of the muscle layer of the vessel wall changes, that the desquamation of endotheliocytes increases, that is, the cells that line the inside of the vessel change, or even we found cells that had completely destroyed organelles, that is, absolutely

destroyed cell, damaged in parallel with this, there is a change on the part of blood cells, that is, changes. the quality of the structure of the vessel wall and changes in the function of blood cells, that is, the formation of microthromboses against the background of microcirculation disorders and swelling of the brain tissue, primarily in the area that we found these microcirculatory changes at some points. i assumed some things. i did not expect to see did not expect to find, for example, that in the earliest developments of diabetes mellitus already changes in renin levels. it rises much . this is the substance that is responsible for the development of high vascular tone, that is, high blood pressure. that is, here it turns on in the early stages, the mechanisms for the formation of arterial hypertension early changes in the content of the calcine substance that is responsible for the metabolism of bone tissue. that is , the formation of bone tissue is also disturbed. her diet is also broken. these are the moments that were

found at the earliest stages of the formation of diabetes. it was, of course, but sad, can be found, if i may say so. you are watching the nu-kamaniya project. today we are talking about the sweet disease of its bitter consequences and do not miss further loss of consciousness convulsions nausea. how else can hypoglycemia manifest itself, do animals suffer from diabetes, and how to protect yourself from a sweet illness on the air very soon? for those who have just joined us, i tell you this for comfort. the topic of our today's program is diabetes mellitus in the studio of endocrinologist alexei romanovsky directly. now let's try to understand such a thing as hippolycemia. tell the same sharp decrease, and the level of sugar in patients with diabetes mellitus in the normal state of sugar is

elevated, how is this possible at all, and that hypoglycemia occurs in diabetes mellitus. this is a blood sugar level or glucose level below normal values, but in diabetes mellitus. it is we who define a specific glucose level of less than 4 millimoles/l if a patient with diabetes has a glucose level of less than 4,000,000 liters. here we must already sound the alarm to understand, and the cause of hypoglycemia with diabetes. the most important thing is an overdose of either hypoglycemic tablets or insulin and the second reason. this is the small amount of carbohydrates that a person consumes at a particular meal. insulin is usually calculated on the amount of carbohydrates. how much a person's strength and carbohydrates means, and, accordingly, the required amount of insulin. it is individually calculated he should lead, and if he leads more insulin than he received carbohydrates, then he will develop glycemia and the third reason for the development of hypoglycemia, especially in people who get insulin - this is a big physical

load, because our muscles consume a lot of carbohydrates. and if a person receives less carbohydrates, more insulin and more physical activity, then he will develop and cause the fourth reason for the development of diabetes. this is the presence of pills or insulin plus the use of alcohol is also used, but the main reason is still an overdose of either drugs or insulin. this person must be excluded. the patient himself can understand that he has dropped sharply. sugar level or a can understand it? well, the one who is nearby, what are the symptoms and what to do, in the vast majority of cases, uh, the person feels the approach and glycemia. yes, it is manifested by sweating a person, while he is covered, then the body begins to tremble and a wolfish appetite appears, excitement appears, if you do not take fast, carbohydrates, sweet, tea juice, sweet lemonade. and

here, by the way, it does not fit. these are the colas that have black caps. make there no calories, so this hypothetical will not save me. and if something not to undertake, then hypoglycemic coma may develop. when the help of medical workers is already required intravenous e, visions come, but in most cases. uh, patients, of course, feel the harbingers and a trained diabetic patient should have a candy or candy in his pocket, especially the patient who uses it. damn, to prevent hypoglycemia, that is, that diabetics should not have anything sweet at home. this myth is bad. yes , especially when a person receives insulin, it is necessary, for sweets to be available. let's talk about the consequences of diabetes. uh, i understand that they can be very different and this is a complex of diseases or first a complex

of diseases, and then, uh, diabetes mellitus is dangerous primarily for its chronic complications. ultimately, the chronic complication is very dangerous and they can lead to heart attacks, strokes, amputation of external limbs, blindness and kidney failure. this is the end stage of diabetic complications, so sugar diabetes is a very insidious disease. uh, until a symptom of chronic diabetes develops. the patient does not feel anything bad. so to speak, pain or something else, this is the insidiousness of this disease, this disease must be taken very seriously. let's see how to understand if there are problems or not. what tests do you have ? at what age do you start to control this whole story? well, here we need to divide all our people into two high-risk groups and groups

who are at low risk high risk groups - these are the people who will develop diabetes, especially type 2. and also those who are overweight or obese, when the body mass index is more than 25 or more than 30, as well as those who have a waist measured in centimeters, with a tailor's tape for a man more than 102 cm, and for women more than 88, this is the risk group. and these people in the first place should check their blood glucose levels more often. it is necessary to hand over better two analyzes. now they are completely affordable as in clinics. free of charge, and in commercial laboratories. this is fasting blood sugar and glycated hemoglobin, which indirectly reflects and very well reflects the average glucose level over the past three months. these two tests are absolutely enough to establish a diagnosis of diabetes or an enterprise. that is, when the numbers are not yet debit at what age

to start taking these two tests, if, for example, from and in the risk group, that is, you have forty years more often than 60 years, and the older the age, the more often ask, but not more often than once a year, you need to do it, as we are offered to do this in the clinic. that is, if they offered a medical examination of this level of glucose of ukraine, it will definitely be there when applying for a job with the certificates that we receive for a driver's license and so on. if in doubt , you can pass it any points. but do animals suffer from diabetes and do our correspondents need to take tests? diabetes mellitus veterinary practices both a farm animal and a domestic animal are ill with it. scientists from the institute of experimental veterinary medicine of the academy of sciences of belarus note that

most often this disease is diagnosed in dogs, skin and horses, pigs, and much less often in animals with a so-called multi-chambered stomach. this is sheep goat cattle. from the old registration of this disease. in, for example, dogs, cats make up approximately 3-4% of the total pathology, the figure may not be so large, but unfortunately, this is such a specific chronic disease, which leads, of course, as a result of damage to many organs and e, their functional and organic damage, and in connection with this it is very difficult to treat. diabetes mellitus in animals is associated with a violation of all types of metabolism, but mainly carbohydrate due to the fact that destruction is observed. the so-called

beta cells of the pancreatic pancreas are the cells that synthesize insulin, which is an important regulator of glucose levels in the body. due to the fact that diabetes mellitus causes a large number of causes many organs are involved in the pathological process and the disease manifests itself with a variety of symptoms. with an increase in the level of glucose - this is the main, as if a sign of this disease , the redistribution of fluid in the body occurs and, in connection with this, the water electrolyte metabolism is disturbed and is noted in connection with this. dryness, for example of the mucous membranes of the skin, may also have deeper lesions, sometimes even necrosis of the tip of the tail in animals is noted with this disease. in addition, depending on the severity the course of the diseases of the disease can also be manifested

by a significant lesion of not only the endocrine, but also the greenhouse organs. first of all, the liver of the heart of the brain. even the lungs are the only way to get your pet sick. don't run. it is time to diagnose her, donate color to clinics , you need blood and urine . biochemical blood tests are important in terms of diagnosing this disease, primarily on e. determination of the level of pancreatic liver enzymes and handwriting. it is an aminotransferase from cholesterol to alkaline phosphatase, creatinine kenase urea and other indicators, and it is thanks to them that it is possible to diagnose in time and begin treatment in general, the causes of the disease and the stages of its development in animals. they are the same as in humans, therefore the treatment of diabetes is the same as insulin,

in the treatment it is a very difficult problem, in principle, how do people choose the necessary dose of insulin, that is, it usually starts with small doses, and this is all carried out under the control of the glucose content in blood and urine, and when these levels reach optimal values, selects the dose and then continues. treatment alexey antonovich let's move on to the treatment of diabetes. maybe they said that he was being treated to reassure everyone. here is the main thing to start treating in time and strictly follow the recommendations of doctors that this is a drug treatment. it's kind of a special way of life. explain the treatment of diabetes. there are both national and international protocols that are well developed, and every year more and more

new data appear that we introduce into clinical practice. the treatment of diabetes mellitus includes several components. the first is the usual a healthy lifestyle, that is, the whole lifestyle of a diabetic patient does not differ from the lifestyle of any healthy person in any way and diet. including on the other hand, of course, it is necessary to limit fast carbohydrates. this is probably the only one that can be slightly different in some way, as well as the amount of fat in type 2 diabetes, because this is the main source of calories for physical activity, for exercise, physical education and so on. this is part of the treatment. diabetes the second type, and at the first type of a diabetes mellitus. it's just like a component of a healthy lifestyle. that's the way a healthy lifestyle diet, exercise and stress management. many people forget there. here is the third component. the fact is that we call all stressor hormones contrasting hormones . well, the most famous such hormone

is cortisol dough from the outside, a hormone whose increase leads to obesity to an increase in sugar, and therefore it can also contribute. yes, the mechanism for the development of diabetes mellitus, the second type, therefore stress management or, uh, balancing stress, so to speak. this is such an important element of these diabetics too. well, the main component of treatment is drug therapy. in type 1 diabetes mellitus, this is insulin therapy, and in type 2 diabetes mellitus, it is sugar tablets that reduce drugs first of all and insulin therapy in the second place, usually with the course of the disease , patients with type 2 diabetes may also need insulin therapy absolutely normally, because beta cells. it's in a person can't handle that much load. they can’t serve such a big weight in quotation marks, because such is the metabolism and