to look at the lilac of the whole world and very often experts say the reasons for this malaise complex, maybe low hemoglobin, this protein was discovered back in 1851 by the german physiologist ottofungem almost centuries later in 1959 and its structure was described by an austrian molecular biologist. max perus. for which, after 3 years, he received the nobel prize on the air of the project team. my name is ekaterina beretskaya. hello. today we will study iron, without which our cells. just choke, don't switch in the next half hour and you'll find out. iron for life how our organs receive oxygen no more and no less we learn the norms of hemoglobin content. and how to reveal the hidden deficiency of iron in the ether is coming soon. hemoglobin, in fact, is a complex protein that a living organism produces in red

blood cells, erythrocytes, what it consists of and is life possible without hemoglobin, my colleagues will tell. the most complex white hemoglobin consists of amino acid chains containing a heme iron compound; its feature is that it easily attaches oxygen to a process saturated with it this happens in the capillaries of the lungs, after inhalation, oxygen enters the bloodstream through thin walls , and then binds to the hemoglobin molecule. it is sent to all organs and tissues, where it is, as it were, detached from the protein, and carbon dioxide can join the nakatny place to leave the body with exhaled air, by the way, it is hemoglobin that gives the red blood cells a round shape, and the pigment contained in the protein is the red color of human blood can’t live without hemoglobin, but ice fish living in antarctica for 1,000 years of evolution have adapted to harsh conditions. they get oxygen from the water they swim in. oxygen walking in the park will not work

if the hemoglobin in the blood is lower, because the main function of this protein is resting. the less hemoglobin, the less oxygen the cells of the organs receive. and the more likely the occurrence of hypoxia, oxygen starvation is complex for such an importance for each topic to understand. today. we will be with the associate professor of the hematology department of transfusiology of the belarusian medical academy after graduation ekaterina nikolaevna hello ekaterina nikolaevna kabaeva candidate of medical sciences hematologist associate professor of the department of clinical hematology and transfusiology of the belarusian medical academy of postgraduate education well, from school, from biology lessons, i’m sure everyone remembers that hemoglobin delivers oxygen to body tissues. but surely this iron protein has other equally important

functions. this is its main function as carriers. that is, for this iron we need absolutely true, although it would seem, yes, iron has completely different associations, and here oxygen is good, hemoglobin is normal. i understand that for women, men and children, the norms are different. what is the norm for a man from 130 g / l, a man came out in women, it is above 120 g / l. in children, too, above 120 g / l, and in pregnant women, it is produced above 150 g / l. this will be the norm. now let's talk about, and what is not normal yes deviation. let's start with the low hemoglobin symptom. well, again, everyone knows for sure that dizzy fatigue is well, maybe to say that everything is in order with my hemoglobin, it is below the norm. or maybe there are some other symptoms, about which not everyone knows. yes , quite interesting symptoms are quite right, except for listing tiredness

fatigue about a decrease in resistance to physical exertion, for example, if you used to go up to the second floor. without padding. you get shortness of breath palpitations then rather interesting symptoms - it can be taste perversions passion, for example, for cold food, or, uh, for melum for example, yes, but perversions of smell are passion, for example, such a pungent smell as gasoline kerosene. these can also be symptoms of iron deficiency. that is, this is due to the fact that there is not enough iron. and so, yes, it affects how the symptoms manifest themselves. yes, it just seemed to me that when you want to eat dare. it's not enough calcium. no, this is iron, and there may be a fallout. hair increased fragility of nails dry skin, this is so sedentary symptoms, that is, a decrease in tissue iron deficiency of iron in the body is called anemia. read more about this disease right now in our

next article. this is a common name, and when hemoglobin decreases, it has a hemorrhagic way, that is, after bleeding and we must clarify the source, then there are also different degrees of severity, different rates of development. it's between therapists and surgeons. the source of the bleeding is an important part. she is very close to emergency treatment or perhaps surgery will legally require anemia as a result deficiency of some substance. well, first of all. it's iron deficiency, of course, and iron deficiency patients are probably talking about 1/3 of the population. but 1/3 of the world's population, and the causes of iron deficiency. this is also chronic post-hemorrhagic, these are teenagers, girls with

iron deficiency anemia they are generally divided according to severity and severe anemia begins when hemoglobin is 70 and below, and this figure is an indicator of this and indications for a doctor to transfuse red blood cells, as donors of oxygen to the body did not suffer from hypoxia. as such, well, of course, this representative mass carries a certain amount of iron, iron, deficiency anemia, not yet entering the stage of such an analytical, as if secretly flowing mild degree, but it doesn’t even have a monograph that is difficult to describe in it rub. you are patients who are latent iron deficiency, when iron stores are an indicator of ferritin,

ferritin is a protein that characterizes iron reserves, in addition, there are transferrins in indicators of iron metabolism. it is an iron carrier. a transferrin the percentage of iron saturation is also analyzed by the following indicator. and now, when hemoglobin is low, and even serum iron has its own norms. and somewhere the upper limit of the norm is within. there 's thirty and a serum gland. ferritin once again repeat the transport gland percentages of saturation. if these indicators are all reduced, we prove the true iron deficiency state. and there are a number of diseases of chronic inflammation. here is the direction to oncology and when the causes rises as an acute phase protein. and at

increase in ferritin and anemia, we are talking about anemia of chronic diseases, and the second deficiency that is important in hematopoiesis is vitamins b12 and folic acid, which also belongs to the group and it seems to me that when we talk about vitamin b12 deficiency b12 deficiency anemia. i want to call it not anemia. just a to 12-deficient state, because it is a deficiency then b12 deficiency disrupts synthesis, mid-synthesis. dna is already global for the organism. in the studio of ekaterina beretskaya, we continue

to talk about hemoglobin, do not miss further. dietary supplements against drugs how to treat iron deficiency a balanced diet full sleepy adequate physical activity prevent the development and does not mean much good causes of elevated hemoglobin levels. we have figured out the symptom of ekaterina nikolaevna. now, let's take a look at the reasons. why does the hemoglobin level suddenly drop? vitamin b12 folic acid so-called in 12 folic acid deficiency anemia. but if today we are talking specifically about iron deficiency, the main cause of iron deficiency is the first or increased consumption of iron. that is, this is bleeding

of blood loss, for example, this is the monthly blood loss in women, if they are plentiful, they may be accompanied by anemia. this may be, the increased need for iron in pregnant women is an increased need, that is, spending and lived in the reign of iron, that is, with a normal diet, that is, adequate consumption in the stomach. and in particular, iron is absorbed in the duodenum. there is a disease of the duodenum, for example, the same dodenitis ulcers. giardiasis the same they can interfere with the absorption of iron. and no matter how much you eat it, unfortunately, it will still be insufficient to enter the body, therefore, precisely because of malabsorption. maybe something else can prevent the body from absorbing iron so that hemoglobin can keep eating. e, for example, such a so-called hypoxidine mechanism. but it's so complicated the relationship in the body of iron, when in inflammatory diseases such a biology is produced that prevents its absorption, therefore, sometimes inflammatory or oncological diseases are often accompanied by

iron deficiency due to this protein, but this is a physiological mechanism. it prevents excess. uh, iron absorption. an excessive amount of iron can simulate some kind of peroxidation and tissue damage, so hypoxidine protects excessive absorption of iron. well, let's imagine, yes, i'm looking at a blood test , i have low hemoglobin there. what to do to the doctor to run? of course, you need to go to the doctor to the pharmacy for some drugs with iron, again with vitamins, because first of all you need to find out the reason why you have either a loss or a violation of absorption. a competent therapist should prescribe, first of all, an additional examination . this will be, uh, examining the stomach and intestines for the presence of either blood loss or malabsorption diseases. what's happened intestines, you need to go to the gynecologist to understand, maybe it's a fibroid in women, often diseases of the gynecological sphere can be accompanied by anemia. well, here, these are the main ones,

of course, in the first place - this is an appeal to the therapist, he will prescribe the appropriate treatment for you, but the main thing is not to miss the cause, because this can be a formidable symptom. including, for example, oncological diseases, intestines. is there a drug specifically that helps to increase hemoglobin or is it more of a vitamin complexes and some biologically active additives, of course, this is a medicine, because first of all we must remember the effect of the treatment of iron deficiency depends, first of all. here is the daily dose of iron that we consume per day. and here is the duration of therapy, the duration of therapy should be at least 2 months, or even three, depending on the degree of severity and, of course, the dose of iron, if you have this prevention of iron deficiency, that is, let's say you have a latent iron deficiency, a decrease in ferritin , for example, then if it is only lattedzhny deficit, you will be enough 100 mg per day, one tablet. but if you have anna's, you will already need to take 200 mg per day, and this is within 2-3 months of supplementation. it's a very small dose. iron should always be

looked at. how much elemental iron is there, as a rule, does not exceed its amount of 20-30 mg, that is, in order for you to undergo treatment on the niva, you need 10, respectively, a capsule, so that a daily dose of 200 mhz is easier. well, since we started talking about ferritin, right? let's take a closer look at what it is and why now, yes women? ferritin is a protein that is produced in the oven and reflects the body's supply of iron. you can have normal hemoglobin, by the way, hemoglobin drops in the very last place, because it is a vital protein for us. yes, and ferritin reflects reserves. sometimes you can have hemoglobin 110-120, but at the same time have two two tina, so it is ferritin that reflects. uh, that is our stock of iron in the body. and when we have it depleted less than thirty, then we must understand that we it is already necessary, perhaps, to fill this activity with iron. no problem. you can also take an analysis

and check, yes, in any laboratory there is a biochemical connection, do you know that an animal, just like people, can suffer from anemia, about this our next story. hemoglobin in animals is, like in humans, a special protein and, accordingly, hemoglobin. it performs such a function that it carries oxygen to organs and tissues. same. it partially binds carbon dioxide and helps to remove it from the body. basically, uh, hemoglobin itself yourself. it is very important in the body, that is, the level of hemoglobin is a normal level, because various diseases can increase the level of hemoglobin. can lower the level of hemoglobin prophylactic examination, it is necessary to undergo an animal examination, and once a year it is obligatory prophylactic medical examination itself includes this blood tests general biochemical ultrasound

of the abdominal cavity ultrasound of the heart. if there are any , there are chronic comorbidities, for example, asthma in cats, or some problems of the musculoskeletal system. that is there problems with joints are subtle, at least well. in a year, medical examination is definitely needed once a year, both for humans and animals. this is in order to identify some problems in the early stages, so that we could then at least treat them, well, or already support them, let's say, prescribe supportive therapy. in particular, about hemoglobin - this is a general blood test, it is necessary to pass the norms for hemoglobin, somewhere it ranges from 90 there to 155. well, within these limits, if hemoglobin is already rising, maybe, then we can approximately to assume that the animal occurs in hypoxia, because hemoglobin in the composition of erythrocytes carries oxygen, then this may be associated with stressful conditions during some hyperloads , because the owners often give birth to dogs. they say that they think that all you have to do is

run like a dog. so he took a backpack, put on a sports uniform and ran dogs or sat on a bicycle. the dog runs nearby, then he thinks that the dogs need a load, and because of these loads, the increased yes in dogs. cats skin can again rise hemoglobin level. it is also important to take into account the level of hemoglobin. the gender of the animal age of the animal must take into account the conditions of detention, that is, feeding, and even such a factor for us, for example, that an animal or person lives above sea level. the higher the hemoglobin, the higher it may be due to hypoxia, because oxygen is at altitudes. it discharged a drop in hemoglobin levels. it can be connected, and with some kind of anemia, that is, in addition to loss, for example, as a result of some kind of injury in cats. this is often a fall from a height, especially, and spring summer autumn period, when we have balconies open windows open cats. they are so interesting, a fly flew over there. there, the bird flew through the window and jumped,

so there may be bleeding from internal severe injuries. it can also be some kind of edematous condition, an inflammatory process, and a protruding fluid in the cavity in such a chest cavity, this indicates anemia in us, that is, it is a low hemoglobin content. also, a low hemoglobin content may be associated with some kind of oncological diseases, for example, it can also be liver damage. it could be bone marrow damage. everything is like in humans, if hemoglobin level of hemoglobin rises, if we see it in a blood test, then we can at least assume that this is hypoxia, that is, insufficient oxygen supply to organs and tissues. it could be stressful. it can be dehydration, dehydration associated with work with diarrhea, it can also be a blood disease, for example, there is the destruction of red blood cells as a result of any infectious diseases. diseases, or parasitic blood parasitic

diseases, in principle. uh, even uh, sometimes we notice such a connection against the background of hypoxia in animals, namely in cats, if we see an increase in the blood test. hemoglobin, this is due to the fact that the owners can smoke at home, that is, the body is not completely saturated with oxygen due to smoking and in cats and dogs, it may be exactly the same, some people think that yeah, if we have little iron there, i read it in the internet. i read and begins to intensively feed the liver there already the liver, in principle, it contains vitamin a and vitamin a can cause big problems when there is a lot of it in the body, so you should not self-medicate. in any case, it is necessary to turn to professionals in order to put on the correct diagnosis and prescribe adequate treatment. before

the plot started talking about ferritin. tell me what to do. if it is low again, i understand correctly, you must first go to the doctor with this problem. yes, you need to go to the doctor, first of all you need to analyze yourself. uh how i i eat right. i have a sufficient amount of meat, for example, that is, we must understand that there is practically no chicken. the one who is on a diet is low. yes, very often fish and chicken, but they do not have iron, iron is found primarily in red meat. beef, turkey. she needs to think about how often we eat these foods. and, of course , to understand that you still need to go to the doctor, and then you can already initially adjust your diet and see how your body is on the addition of iron. if after one and a half to two months ferritin rises, then you may not have

any blood loss and you do not need an additional examination. it's just that you're eating the wrong kind of meat completely. what other products contain iron that our body will accept and there will be no problems, of course, there is a little more of it than, for example, in flour - these are buckwheat, but still, to cover the daily need for iron. you have to eat, uh, a kilo of buckwheat, probably in a day, we must understand that only iron- deficient food is the least treated. before of all this is meat, as i said, it may be blood sausage, some such options, well, in the rest, of course, they are poorer. yes, yes, the same fruits and vegetables. they wouldn't normally have glands so much if they were low in iron, that is, uh, vegetarians have an increased risk of anemia. they don't eat meat, of course, absolutely. therefore, those who list themselves as vegetarians must understand that they take an iron supplement in the form of at least 100 mg of elemental iron per day, then they will not have anemia. let's get some more myths

dispel. is it true somewhere on the internet that anemia provokes or increases the risk of strokes? is this true? no , this is absolutely not true, but i know what you are talking about. there were such works of the fourteenth year, and the british studied the development of the cause of stroke in a group of patients with e, vascular malformations, but these patients have anemia. she was present parallel to this disease, therefore, to draw conclusions that anemia provokes a stroke. we can't find such data anywhere, migration platelet iron is not affected. i can only say that what provokes in relation to hemoglobin. this is his high content. that's when hemogrid. and that, uh, practically reflects the number of red blood cells. it will be higher, 54. you have a significantly increased risk of stroke, this is exactly the opposite condition of anemia called erythrocytosis, when hemoglobin is more than

170 in men, more than 160 in women, and therefore blood viscosity increases and the risk of traumatic stroke, respectively, also increases. what other risks, if, uh, iron is too much, because much does not mean good in our topic quite right, there are, firstly, such a disease, it is quite common in the european population, as hereditary hemochromatosis. this is a violation of iron metabolism, that is, its utilization, that is, the state here is completely different. that is, is it iron or lies in ferritin? so if, for example, your ferritin index is above the norm, or uh, such an indicator as the total gland will contact the ability serum and above 45%, then you need to contact a gastroenterologist. it is they who are engaged in the treatment and make genetics on the legacy of the machromatus. this is a disease that is not accompanied by a serious violation of the quality of life, it gradually increases, most often it manifests itself clinically in

men, because women have blood loss. they seem to remove this iron a little, and in men this is accompanied by an increase in the liver. sometimes type 2 diabetes, that is, it is a very diverse disease that often people can do not know, but the symptoms are secondary liver enlargement, increased glucose, dysfunction of the endocrine organs of many, and if this is accompanied by high ferritin and elevated serum iron, then you need to go and exclude. uh, inherited hemorrhomatosis, but i understand that, mm, symptoms of elevated hemoglobin. and too much iron. it is not as bright as the symptoms if the hemoglobin level is lower. quite right, because the gland is deposited gradually. uh, well, it can be deposited in the liver in the spleen on others endocrine organs, here are the organs, and therefore, no matter how it interferes, especially the functioning of these organs, but the symptoms of anemia, it is always bright, because it is associated with a decrease in

oxygen delivery with hypoxia, hypoxia of the brain, hypoxia of the heart, that is, metabolic disorders that cannot be i can't help but ask this question. is it true that you can’t drink a lot of coffee, it also affects the level of hemoglobin and interferes with the absorption of iron in the body of a coffee lover, i can say this if you drink at different times without drinking coffee. that's the break between taking iron and coffee should be at least two hours, then you will be fine, that is, you can’t drink iron with milk alone, because it’s very easy for salts that form to precipitate, be absorbed, and so on on this positive note . let me thank you for this interesting conversation. thank you for taking the time to visit us. we will be glad to see you again in our studio. thank you airtime . we also practically. not left, but if you were snowmania and all half an hour, otherwise now you know exactly what the level of hemaglobin is. it is necessary to check that at least once a year there is more

meat, and drinking coffee is less healthy for you and your families. we'll see you soon on the air. the rain , let the leaves shine, the sun, like this shot , our life is formed. i would like to have a closer look at this world. and discover something new every day. she would like it. love to belarus