again ukrainian children this year, as it has been for many decades. or they will become victims of political repression, we will soon see. and this is the latest news to this minute. see you at 19:00. at the olympic games in london in 2012, the american runner monteo mitchell broke his leg. however, he did not stop and even the last gold came to the finish line, of course, he did not receive, but he was able to overcome the wild pain to become the fifth out of eight athletes. why is a

serious injury not a reason for tears for someone, but for others an injection, a real torture, we will understand the project at the company. my name is ekaterina beletskaya hello and the theme of the program. pain today. stay with us for the next half an hour and you will find out. the body is smarter than consciousness, why is pain useful? the most important thing is the ability to forget the pain. and these are the systems that allow us to forget them, you can train the floor matters, who experiences pain more easily, a man or a woman, oncological pain. why does cancer not hurt for a very long time? because the tumor has spread to either surrounding tissues. that's either stretching the organ in which it is strange, but the pain is useful. why we know the scientist physiologist svetlana georgievna

are glad to see you again in our studio. hello svetlana georgievna pashkevich candidate of biological sciences associate professor, head of the laboratory of neurophysiology of the institute of physiology of the national academy of sciences of belarus scientific interests experimental neurophysiology let's start purely physiologically, what is pain? first of all, more signals to us that we did something wrong, that the body is exposed, but to the effects of damaging factors, and therefore, very often pain factors are called, but c-ceptors, but ciception is a term that charles sherington led to indicate a damaging effect and, uh, when the body signals to a person that it does not touch and it can be burned hot, then the person pulls his hand away. for this. we have

signaling along nerve fibers so that we can very quickly avoid a damaging factor, and such fast fibers are called, and delta. and we also have slow fibers. this is a slow and such a spreading pain that is difficult for us to localize, and such pain occurs if the introduction is not acute, but it has been with us for a long time and we are constantly exposed to this effect, for example, if some of our organs become ill, they are destroyed in our tissue. and then we can already experience constant aching pain when a person perceives, uh, some stimuli, uh, which the body perceives as damaging , first of all, it depends on how the membranes of our cells have collapsed; our cells are covered with special such lipid membranes. and as soon as this lipid shell is destroyed. if tissue is damaged, they

are released. for example, arachidonic acid. and this is how arachidonic acid interacts with our cyclase enzymes. and they produce just smooth. these just blondes are the mediators. here are the main inflammation pains and the feeling that something is wrong, but if a person is forced to constantly be exposed to such factors, then the body adapts. and uh if hmm a person is forced to live in certain environmental conditions, for example, under the rays of the scorching sun, if he has chosen a climatic zone in which e radiation damages the skin, that is, naturally, he will develop a large amount of melanin protective of some other devices . and it will reduce damaging factors. the skin will not suffer, e from pain, as in people who live in other climatic zones. in this habit. let's just say the whole secret of the fact that for someone to pluck their eyebrows is a problem. and

for some, childbirth is quite normal, but childbirth, for example, is difficult to get used to, but it seems to me that when we express, yes, that is, this is a natural process and nature provides that a woman after childbirth very quickly forgets about this pain. it would seem that she no longer wants to endure this pain . well, time passes and the woman gives birth again and each time these births will be. it's getting better and the woman can adapt too. the most important thing is the ability to forget the pain. and these are the systems that allow us to forget. they can train. first, it is a psychological exercise positive perception of the world. well, the most important thing is our system, which resists pain. these are cephalin endorphins. this is our ability to see beauty in the environment on the one hand, and on the other hand, these are, of course, some kind of withdrawal-like ones that are produced in our body. and if the person was not exposed.

never would you feel them. here it is to protect it, then with age. uh, if he meets with inflammation, he will be very acute. to experience, therefore, a certain adaptation, a certain training to everything that happens in the surrounding world. it should occur naturally as the body develops. and then we will have pain perception and correct behavior. in general, it is normal to rebuild and interact with the environment. well, back to the topic of childbirth. yes , before you forget this pain you need to give birth to your own. yes, i propose to find out how a woman can facilitate the very process of the emergence of a new person in the world. labor pain is natural. a phenomenon that leads to a woman’s rapid overwork. however, it is possible and necessary to learn how to

work with it and gynecologists are engaged in preparing women for the most important meeting in their life. in our work, we adhere to international standards for the provision of medical care with an individual approach. for every patient. our task is to create comfortable conditions. the most important moment in a woman's life is the moment of the birth of a child, so we strive to organize. for each patient, the maximum home environment for this in maternity hospital number three patients are offered individual delivery rooms, which have everything you need for all periods. this is a ward for partner delivery, where we have an uh transformer here, our belarusian production here is a multifunctional bed that rises and falls. and up. moreover, the woman herself

regulates the position of the bed, and there may be a partner nearby who helps in the most painful period during the period of contractions, to alleviate the condition. childbirth here we have a bed for newborns, who are also nearby to watch. the main thing, they say, is that doctors learn how to breathe properly, distract from pain and learn how to relax. helps relieve tension during contractions. we have fitballs music in childbirth. at the request of the patient, partner childbirth is carried out. we use various methods of labor pain relief, which allows us to eliminate the feeling of pain, anxiety and fear, and thereby

ensure the comfort of the woman in labor. to make everything go as easy as possible, obstetrician gynecologists recommend go through a childbirth preparation school, which is available in almost all maternity hospitals in the country, the optimal start period for training is 28-30 weeks of pregnancy. people say that, let's say, women are more stress-resistant and pain-resistant, and can not endure much better than men. here is the gender difference. there is indeed to a certain extent. we can say that it depends on everyone and in men and women on the time of day, regardless of gender in the afternoon it is better to plan. here are visits, for example to the dentist. that is, it is natural biological rhythms, which are characteristic of all, as for the cyclic processes that women have, then 10 days before and during. eh,

for certain periods, increased pain thresholds and women perceive more possible edge than men, including the psychological one. therefore, in nature, probably, everything is somehow harmoniously balanced in such periods. and men can protect a woman and help her adapt. but already in periods when a woman is stronger, she can help. adapt a man well. what are you can you tell me as a specialist about more phantom phantom pain? first of all, uh, after uh, operations after some kind of pain impulses that flow directly to the brain can come from those endings that are being tested and they don’t know what to conduct, therefore discharges are constantly going on. how to take them off? this, of course, is the art of doctors, because on the one hand e is on the periphery. we have pain, uh, perceiving and structures of the nervous system,

free nerve endings. and you really need them competently anesthetize in order to stop this impulse. it was not chaotic. it is very important to remove these field sensations on the periphery and in the brain you can imagine using the biofeedback method . it's like he has a hand. it will help a lot here, for example. actual reality simulators, and when a person puts on virtual glasses and tries with his hand, which may not be there, but can make some movements with it. it calms this excess impulsation, relieves stress, first of all, and removes such unpleasant moments that are associated with the focus of the dominant, which may constantly require reinforcements and the person will be constantly able. here, uh, some kind of pain or discomfort . in addition, in addition to psychological ones, there are also certain medical approaches that, uh, experts have learned

to remove very well, but, of course, there are completely anomalous situations. and when nothing helps a person, and correct prosthetics are important here, then this is a restored function. she is in in general, a person will remove certain pain sensations here. to more yes in the physiological in the full sense of the word. many try to cope with it, not even with the help of painkillers, but with the help of alcohol. well, in fact, the first anesthesia was also alcohol. that's like a specialist. tell me , does it really help to remove or, again, is it all in the head that alcohol really releases a certain number of mediators, this is gamma-amino-butyric acid and monophamin, which is involved in reducing pain, therefore, if there are critical situations and well, there is nothing,

then really a small amount of alcohol. it can relieve these pain sensations, in general, our fibers conduct pain at a tremendous speed of up to 30 m/s. and uh, alcohol will not relieve acute pain, but the pain is slower or pain. which is associated with inflammatory processes that well cause bacterial infections there and so on, but here, to a certain extent, it can slow down due to the fact that it removes the pathogen itself for some, well, for a short time, this is, well, such an emergency, but not worth it. uh, of course, pay attention to the fact that this is a drug. especially since painkillers, in general, you know a huge number of drugs and the choice is very large, but the main mediator, of course, is more, and that's what was found in the animal world to have such naked earthlings. they live an abnormally long time to

study them. eh, processes, how can we not grow old, and keep youth as long as possible. it turned out that they really do not have substance p in their skin cells. well, this is the main mediator of pain, and how it was found out, this naked countryman was injected with this substance. pi they also began to feel pain. although it is genetically determined that they do not have it. how happy and young they are, well, not desirable, of course, we have such a life as they have, but nevertheless, everything is better from nature. we must take all the drugs that help us adapt to the environment, relieve abnormal pain that people have, painkillers are so popular that all people want to take a pill and not forget the same. it is a pity that this is not always the case. svetlana georgievna thank you very much today, we are literally sorting out a very sore subject and do not miss the final part of the program

more oncological. why cancer does not hurt for a very long time the peculiarity of the tumor is that it does not have these same receptors that can somehow start the process. and when you just can not endure, but a toothache and a big report. the microscope gives us the opportunity to extract broken instruments. this time helps to find canals that are without a microscope. basically , we can't find it. what an interesting way to spend the weekend you can go in for sports, put things in order at home, lie on the sofa, or you can explore our beautiful belarus every week, we lay new routes in the corners of our country, however, centuries-old trees remained not only in helmets. they can be found even today, this particular oak is already 400 years old, and to

wrap around its trunk. we need about four adults, we show historical monuments cultural entertainment alexander vasilyevich we will be with you now. conducting a master class in pottery, introducing local food and customs. today here you can try dishes from radar and belarusian cuisine. as a true fan of potatoes, i ordered pancakes for myself. watch in the program the route is built on the tv channel belarus 24. amazing people of our country, a doctor is not just a profession, it's a vocation, they will talk about their profession and hobbies. and somnology is, as i always say, a hobby is something that is insanely interesting, insanely captivates after a coursework

speleotherapy after 17:00 descents into the mine. yes, but the therapeutic effect. keep at least 6 months the average is 9 months a year, but in fact a person does not sleep. well, when we are talking about napping, he really is. he just rests and the doctors who remain working in this profession are souls, see the project belarusians on our tv channel. they know from the internet, but there were people who were forced to fight cancer , we will continue with the oncologist alexander gennadievich hello alexander gennadyevich zhukovets oncologist candidate of medical sciences associate professor, head of the department of oncology of the belarusian medical academy of postgraduate

education the main topics of scientific publications are the treatment of tumors and skin of the musculoskeletal system of the head and neck central nervous system rehabilitation of cancer patients using reconstructive and plastic surgeries. why, at first, uh, cancer patients, they don’t feel pain or do they feel something, and this is such a the myth of the peculiarity of tumors is that it does not contain these very receptors that can somehow start its process, more mainly arise due to the fact that the tumor spreads to or to the surrounding tissue. either it stretches the organ in which it is located, that is, or metastases appear in some, say, organs and tissues. here, then already arises. that's why pain in malignancy. often present, especially late stages, but early stages. she is quite rarely a jew, the same painless period, if a person has, yes, but a malignant formation, it is different

depending on the organ or depending on the state of the person's overall health. here's how, firstly, localizations depend on which tumors can reach. it means a very large size, for example, a lung tumor, maybe there are two or three. and 5 cm, and if it has not sprouted in the euro, there are no more, and as soon as it grows into this anatomical structure, it means that pains immediately appear, that is, everything is very different here, if we say just one of them more common formation, then the female breast cancer, in principle, before the symptom is not a breechless symptom. you need a symptom. when the mammary gland can be said to be polished, the palpation passes, sometimes 5 years or more of the tumor. it doesn't come on suddenly. this is when it reaches a certain size, a certain volume , a certain number of cells. yes, it has some kind of feature or even structure, then the process can develop very quickly and then this is how it is very unexpected for a person, like yesterday put healthy. here is the diagnosis today, you look in a week. he already feels really bad.

this is the period. this is quite long overall. actually. here is another process. yes, like the appearance of pain from how aggressive the cancer itself is, because, well, this is again, but sometimes or they say there are aggressive ones. when everything develops very quickly, and some can live with a tumor for years, this affects more than, say. so the intensity of the pain, and the increase is the intensity, because the more aggressive tumors metastasize faster, faster places grow and naturally. these phenomena develop more rapidly. we are talking here about such, as it were, the natural course of the tumor process, because after all, we treat patients. and fortunately , about this percentage is cured. yes, that is e it is, but, unfortunately, not everyone can be helped. yes, it is all over the world until the problem is solved. there may be some kind of classification for more oncology, firstly, there are different groups of patients. the first is a group of patients who are here diagnosed, have

who have pain, as a rule, one third of patients already have some kind of pain when they go to the doctor. you see, as a rule. no, this is a group. the center usually receives a special treatment against its tumor, which means, well, we can operate chemotherapy therapy. we can better therapy, or it's in a coma. and to use everything depending on the specifics of the experience and more as, say, the treatment is going on, if it is successful, then in principle, they decrease on their own. there is a group of patients who develop more, as a consequence of the forced damage to organs as a result of the fact that we have to carry out some kind of treatment. well, after the operation of the operating pain, they can be with any operation, they quickly pass. we sometimes have some kind of chronic over remain. well, as after any operation, such pronounced ones, of course, radiation therapy can develop more associated with vibration, that is, the tissues of the subsequent therapy, the tumor is cured, and the tissues develop a type of scar tissue. here she can squeeze the nerve trunks to cause some pain and so on after chemotherapy, which we widely use in the treatment of tumors.

yes, neuropathy can also develop when using a number of chemotherapy drugs. the so -called may develop neuropathic wallpaper. well, and finally. this is the very, uh, difficult group of patients, these are patients who have exhausted all the possibilities that are currently available for treatment. and in them the process progresses and in them this pain turns into such a chronic pain. and, in principle, if not engage in, then it can reach quite unbearable sensations. and there is a weaker average and severe pain. and there is the so-called pain is what the boys complain about subjectively. that is, yes, we know that there are different pain thresholds, and so on and so forth. well, there is, for example, such an analog scale of ten bytes, where the patient takes. this is before deciding which medications to start treatment with and so on. here she notes 10 points herself. how many points. he feels this pain. this he feels so here. well, we should, in principle, focus on this, of course. painkillers generally help and, probably, there are some schemes for each group. yes. uh, how to relieve this pain, dull it and

make it a little easier for people in life, mild pains usually begin treatment with non-steroidal anti- inflammatory drugs. well, which we usually take everything or painkillers like that. yes , it got sick for something, which is sometimes even sold without a prescription, and so on, the second stages, if more pronounced, or there is not enough, say, an anesthetic the effect of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are prescribed weak piloids. for example, tormodul and so on. this is a large group of drugs. and if at last it doesn't help. that 's right, the third stage is expected. it is already prescribed heavy such drugs painkillers narcotic drugs. and of course, this is what the doctor does. all this, of course, should be selected, because you can vary, firstly, the doses. and even if we talk about the place of delivery of an anti- inflammatory drug with painkillers for the purpose, when is it applied yes? may increase later in principle, at any stage of anesthesia. here, three stages,

such means of the so-called couch or additional treatment can be additionally prescribed, depending on which component of pain in a person, in addition to the pain syndrome itself, leads. yes, someone is more connected with some kind of spastic processes. yes , antispasmodics are prescribed. yes, for someone, let's say, this is due to edema, let's say this polygonal brain with brain metastases can be prescribed with a saw. they won't take away the pain. yes anti-edema therapy is prescribed. that is, this supplement is prescribed decongestant, and sometimes all decongestant therapy itself. psychotropic drugs can be prescribed to stop these pains, very pronounced emotional components, as a rule, especially if the patient is in the terminal. it is clear that if you know that you will live, you understand that you endure pain for the sake of something, this is an easier transfer. than you know your life will end. well, here is such a three-degree. here is how it is used. well, it reminds you that in principle, everything should be selected. those who are usually in chronic pain, with these when drugs are prescribed, but it is somewhere around two in a day in two, at least you can bring it

to a state where the pain becomes, or is acceptable, or decreases and, as it were, does not prevents a person from moving on. that's because even the presence of a terminal state of a malignant formation does not mean that it has not ended. yes, all life goes on and for this man goes on for our business, like medicine, in basically, the main purpose of such a guise of suffering. that's because we can not influence globally its life expectancy. but to ease the suffering. yes, this is why this is such an important issue, but i hope that our conversation with you, too, may have convinced someone to go to the doctor to make an appointment and check their health and the health of their body. i don't think it will ever be redundant. thank you so much for taking the time to visit our studio. and we do not say goodbye we have another story he is about the patient