the documents managed to stop the name and the red army soldier. the commander of a tank platoon, mikhail gribin, a native of kalmykia, came to honor the memory of the soldier's relatives. went missing in 1941 and that's it, and now thanks to, uh, the search guys, yes, first of all, yes, yes, which is huge. yes, thank you, we went to the place of death. yes , uncle - this, of course, is amazingly very grateful to belarus. i say that we are together, we are generally a wonderful reception. and most importantly, this work continues 21 soldiers and commanders of the red army dead 41 years old. with them there were 13 medallions 4 medallions were read, names were established, contacts with relatives were established, the field, search season ended. well, the research work is going on in order to find out where you can work next year. 15 new applicants in the list of participants comic book

model controller cashiers in truth, the people's group this issue completes the telecanning marathon, yes, further, and those who are told to eat at least three, yes, go to training lags. who will force sergei neighbors to leave with a scandal a well-deserved place as a mentor and whose platinum timbre gives up to the last golden star all the intrigues will be revealed today for belarus alone at 20:45. don't miss this minute. i have everything until the meeting at 19:00. naimuna does not want to wake up the run and make it rain. whispering leaves shine, the sun of the berries is forming our life. i would like to have a closer look at this world. and every day to discover

something new she is in it so. love with love to belarus probably everyone remembers the advertisement of healthy sunflower oil, and healthy, because it is in the advertisement was cholesterol-free. and here drug addiction was by no means interested in the fact that , in principle, this substance cannot be in vegetable fat, but the marketing trick they say is cholesterol. no, it means that the product is useful, but is it really so, is it worth it to be so afraid of this substance and

is it really, as nutritionists thought, at the end of the twentieth century the worst enemy of health, let's try to figure it out in the next half hour. my name is ekaterina beletskaya hello and see the program. hard bile, what does cholesterol look like? what hormones are at risk of losing the body without cholesterol and we will deal with experts in terms of good and bad, of course with regards to cholesterol. cholesterol is translated from greek as solid bile, and without it, it turns out that synthesis is impossible. the human hormones testosterone , estrogen and cortisol, how the opinion of scientists about this substance was formed, we will tell right now. the french scientist fukuo at the end of the 18th century began to study the composition of gallstones, so the word cholesterol consists of the greek holly, that is bile and solid stereos since the discovery of the

substance until the 1960s, there was virtually no information in evidence-based medicine about the essence of fat metabolism and a scientifically based system for the prevention of atherosclerosis. that is why, by the seventieth year of the 19th century, developed countries were literally on the verge of an atherosclerosis pandemic, for example, in the ussr and in the united states, more than a million people died every year due to this disease , this situation changed after large-scale studies in the field of human lipid metabolism after obtaining, reliable data on cholesterol, physicians began to introduce into the practice of preventive and curative medicine new information about the violation of fat metabolism. the results were not long in coming by the end of 1980 in north america, the death rate from coronary disease decreased by 60%, and myocardial infarction decreased by a third. this is the most striking example of success in the fight against noncommunicable diseases in history. cholesterol is

good and bad. and yet, it turns out, different densities about everything in order. let's ask our guest andrei maryanovich. hello. andrei maryanovich pristrom cardiologist professor doctor of medical sciences head of the department of cardiology and rheumatology of the belarusian medical academy after graduation member of the belarusian national society of cardiology member of the european society of cardiology author of eight patents for an invention in belarus author of more than 350 publications. let's start with, in general, why cholesterol is needed, how it has the main function in our body, all our cells are built from it, that is, it is very important, plus a huge the amount of hormones also has its basis in formation, therefore, our body should so that we synthesize, that is, we produce a large

part and only a small part, well, about 20% comes from food, it can be bad and good. let's deal with the bad and and most importantly, with the density of cholesterol cholesterol, it is the same, and the density is those transport systems that deliver it either for processing for destruction, or vice versa, synthesized and which diverges throughout the body, therefore the density is called high lipoprotein and low density. therefore, the cholesterol that moves in the cell. it is called bad or low density, the cholesterol that moves to utilize it is called high density cholesterol, because it rides on these, or proteins. if we e increase the level of cholesterol of the same here. eh, bad. what it can threaten, as a rule, is high bad cholesterol or it sells this low

density. it is very clearly associated with the risk of development. a lot of heart vascular problems. how is the mechanism itself? how it works the worst cholesterol is in the vascular bed , it moves. and for certain reasons, there is damage to the vascular wall, and uh, there, again, the so-called atherosclerotic plaque begins to form by very complex mechanisms. where, in general, this component rushes, and then there is the growth of an industry-specific plaque, which will gradually, increasing, block the lumen of the vessels. and it's in. in general, the pathology that is called atherosclerosis and atherosclerosis is today, again, this is the basis for the development of many coronary ischemic diseases , heart disease. there disease is a brain disease. there are arteries in the lower limbs and so on, but a person certainly cannot

feel for sure that he has plaques there and they feel very good. these are some kind of examinations . ultrasound technique is developing very actively today, for example, the most, probably. a simple and affordable technique for ultrasound examination of the brachiocephalic arteries are the arteries that are on the neck and the first changes that begin to form there are clearly visible. the fact is that atherosclerosis, as a rule, is systemic in nature, therefore, if somewhere in one area we find arteries with a very high probability. well, maybe more, maybe less, but they will be in other vessels, therefore, seeing, let's say manifestations in one area at the same level. we can talk about the whole development of a systemic process, that is, systemic atherosclerosis, therefore, of course, ultrasound. e is of great importance for diagnosis today. uh, uh, those individuals who have significant risk factors, but it makes sense to conduct such studies. they are available in

our country are carried out in a fairly large number. that is, this is not a problem, but it is still better to prevent the disease completely. it seems to me that this is the most correct way. let's see how bad that cholesterol is. you can lower the look already. as for the norms, low density lipoproteins, if we are talking about for an ordinary healthy person who has not yet been ill with anything in his life, then this is up to 3 mmol. and then, uh, the risk of developing cardiovascular diseases certainly increases - this is up to 3.5 is considered increased to four high and over four and higher. this is, uh, excessively high, that is, the risk of cardiovascular disease is very high for such people, when we talk about lis already suffering from any pathology, who are definitely normal. uh, either low density proteins. they

should have less. there is a need to treat and those numbers that healthy people have. they are already for them. generally. it counts a lot. here is the situation in terms of lipoprotein numbers. very low density is the norm somewhere between 0.26 and 1.4. mmolnoy that's about. here is such a fork of bad cholesterol, as it comes to us in general, uh, in fact, two main ways. the first is outside with food. and the second - it is produced directly in the cells of the liver. from the outside, this is food in the first place. these are fatty meats. such as pork, such as duck, lamb and other fatty it is fat we are talking about animals. uh, then dairy products are again fatty dairy products and hmm there are more there 2.5% and higher, and in order to, in turn, uh, as a method

of lowering, respectively, nutrition correction, a person should eat more greens, which for some reason, in our diet, we don’t use vegetable fat instead of animal fat, that is, sunflower oil. well, in general, two apples a day are considered - this is a way of prevention. and development is with regard to lipoproteins, which essentially come from the outside well, this is a small fraction. this is about a third and no less, a third less. the rest is all produced directly in our body. in connection with this, there is a genetically predisposed condition in the liver, when we have a lot of e in the body, or either these harmful e, low-fertility proteins. this is what is needed here. e. well, of course. this also needs to be corrected in addition to nutrition - it is imperative to remove anesthetics; this is weight loss ; we all know about the body mass index, which should to be with a person in a fork, so to speak, 18.5-25. here.

e hmm then quit, cut off habits, that's smoking and alcohol addiction. first of all. physical activity is also very important, physical activity - this is about 200-300 minutes a week minutes a week we all heard about 10,000 steps. this is also very good. we can do more, if the body and health allow, well , physical activity is the most optimal. a simple option is, of course, brisk walking. if, again, health is physical form, uh, appropriate, you can go to the gym to do some and not spoil it, and so on, no one forbids, please. here, but do not forget the passive way of life, of course, everything is there. this is not a drug , and then there are already drugs . today we reveal the whole truth about

cholesterol and do not miss further diet, sports and alcohol. how to increase good cholesterol under a microscope, and we will tell the latest research of our scientists on the topic in the story and why, when it comes to the cholesterol of one laboratory there is little analysis in the program after a few minutes. continues the theme of decline. yes, i can’t have cholesterol do not ask you about the so-called statins, what kind of drugs they are and why some therapists? well , let's just say not very uh, they are positive about them. well, at least a few years ago they were not very positively treated. by the way, this is one of the drug classes of drugs that will be used to lower cholesterol, how do they work? their mechanism is rather complicated, but in general it boils down to the fact that

the formation of cholesterol is reduced, and naturally. its level will decrease slightly, and its decay. that is, here is the high level that is in the blood. it will naturally increase, that is, thus. we really reach those values ​​that are considered safe, if we take, for example , a young, relatively healthy person who does not have any serious risk factors and try to treat him. we won't get anything there. that probability of development of any. complications it's about the same as the benefits uh-huh well, that is, we get a balance, but if we are talking about people who have really serious risk factors, well, for example, significant risk factors include well, except for high cholesterol, for example, there is high blood pressure diabetes mellitus obesity then today . it is already undeniable that the use of cholesterol-lowering drugs will provide a huge benefit, a very important point. we

must correctly apply drug therapy and not to everyone , but only where necessary. this is a very important principle. let `s talk about good cholesterol is good. this is the one that, on the contrary, is taken from the vessels and delivered to the liver. and there it breaks up, that is, accordingly, its level will decrease. but with good cholesterol. it didn't turn out to be such a pretty thing. that is, those studies that were conducted to increase this indicator. unfortunately, they didn't. improving outcomes is therefore the main issue today. is it necessary to use drug therapy in order to increase good cholesterol and the answer is no today there is no possibility, yes, but as for other real methods that affect high-density cholesterol - this increase in physical activity will increase good cholesterol. this is the restriction of the consumption of fatty foods. and

oddly enough, these are the methods. not medication, they work better than drugs on drugs that artificially increase this indicator. i have one more question, preparing for the program. and i read that cholesterol can be that very good glass dry wine, what do you say there is indeed an observation that was carried out they show that a limited amount of alcohol consumed. there is a slight increase in this indicator, but you understand, this is such a difficult thing with alcohol, if we consider, in general , everything together, and all the risks of the possibility of the influence of alcohol on different ones. eh, the parameters, it turns out that this small benefit is greatly offset by other risks. today , probably the biggest risk that comes from alcohol consumption. it's a developmental disorder

rhythm. and there have been more of them in recent years. by the way, here the coronavirus infection also affected this matter. therefore, yes. yes, she gives, uh, different options for arrhythmia, and unfortunately there is no alcohol here, it's better not to risk it on our side. it seems to me better. there are definitely no risks here. now, if well, not pereus, then it is even in the same sport. i know that our scientists from the academy of sciences are also studying cholesterol. let's watch the report and be sure to return to the studio. this laboratory of the institute of microbiology us of belarus scientists study enzymes. it would seem that. what does enzymes really have to do with cholesterol

? we are currently searching for highly active producers of this enzyme; this enzyme is not produced in the republic of belarus. this is natural, therefore this is a necessary and very important work. looking for scientists are highly active products, if in simple words, organisms that create organic substances, so to speak, from scratch , fungi and various bacteria can become such producers, and scientists select products with increased enzyme synthesis. initially uh bacteria or fungi they are selected. well, firstly, we have collections of non-pathogenic microorganisms that we can take strains

that can presumably synthesize this enzyme, then usually the producers of this enzyme can be found among bacteria and fungi, growing on food waste of animal origin. where there are some kind of gray beetles. what are you doing? uh, if you have uh, the orange is moldy. you will throw it away, but we will bring it to the selection room and select this mushroom. uh, why because it's potentially a producer of enzymes? and it should be studied properties identify and test for pathogenicity. and if this stamp meets certain characteristics, scientists will place it in their collection of non-pathogenic, that is, non-causing body diseases. the initial screening is going on and the selection is going on by the plate method, because here the

cholesterol enzyme catalyzes the reaction of converting cholesterol into christians and hydrogen peroxide, hydrogen aperoxide, it interacts. maybe some indicators. and thanks. here we add this indicator to the medium, the indicator gives us a color and we see that this stamp can synthesize this enzyme. this is the initial stage. and then there is a test of the ability to grow in a special culture. this is necessary in order to scientists were able to develop a technology for obtaining this enzyme to select the composition of the nutrient medium and cultivation conditions. so here it is, but here, naturally, the micellar fungus is no longer here, but the cultural liquid, after it has grown. here she has approx. it is of this color in the future, we are already beginning to determine the activity in this case, i

show you how extracellular enzymes are tested. a line for the production of enzyme preparations has been created at the institute of microbiology, in particular nucleotide phosphate is used for the synthesis of drugs and glucose oxidase enzyme, which helps to determine glucose in the blood , test strips are produced on its basis. also, we are now developing a technology for obtaining cholesterologist sedas, which can also be used in the future, that is, when creating the same similar arrangements, the third stage of screening is very important. this is actually a study characteristic of the cops. almost all daza wheels, they are not very thermally stable. it's theirs, probably the main disadvantage, therefore, strains are either selected . and since microorganisms synthesize a fairly large variety of cholesterologists

, always with and. therefore, we have the opportunity to choose those that will be more thermally stable. after that, we will pick up some more, uh, chemical compounds that will increase their thermal stability. well, it will already be more then for practical use. but this is already the next stage of preparation work, which is still underway. at what age should you pay attention to cholesterol levels for 40 years, each of us needs to carry out some kind of assessment of our health, including determining the level of cholesterol, but there is also a separate exceptional party that should also be paid attention to. well, for example, there is a problem called familial or hereditary hyper-cholesterol mia, that is, high cholesterol, which is

inherited. this is due to the violation of those systems that are involved in the formation of cholesterol. and if we reach such a diagnosis and put a person on a hereditary form hypercholesterol has something, in this case, it is necessary to conduct an examination of close relatives, there are brothers and sisters and children. and it turns out that if we identify a similar problem with our parents, then we, maybe children, he starts literally there from five dashes of ten years of age. yes, you already need to control this situation, take blood to determine the level of cholesterol, so you see, everything is here, again, very individually. well, again, if we return to that risk factor, well, for example, here i am talking about smoking one of the the most powerful risk factors, if a young person starts smoking early enough, it is already necessary to determine the level of cholesterol at an early sufficient age, but i probably won’t now i will say that one blood test, for example, for

total cholesterol, for understanding the whole picture is not enough total cholesterol today . well, here is the indicator. yes, it is considered as such an indicator of screening. well, that is, here it can be done healthy by everyone, for example. has reached the person, there 40 years of age. or did they make total cholesterol there before, if it is there within approximately normal values ​​and if there are no significant risk factors, he has normal pressure there. everything is in order with him there with body weight, he is friends with physical activity there. yes, that is, in this case it will be quite enough. but if we find that he already has 1 2 3 risk factors, and if he has cholesterol, it already makes sense to do this, even somewhere in the upper limit of the norm, a detailed analysis today is called a lipid profile. there, by and large, everything is just four indicators that can be done. yes available is being done. there, again, in very many laboratories and already on the basis of these

indicators, where we determine, just the same, er, not only total cholesterol, but also individual fractions. this is where the conclusion will be made. how to deal with this patient, because for the doctor total cholesterol. by and large , the doctor does not need it now, when it is already necessary to make a decision on interventions, the question is raised of determining precisely low-density lipoprotein cholesterol. this indicator is the main one for diagnosis to assess the severity for decision making on drug therapy and drug therapy control. here with this analysis with the results to the therapist or immediately to the cardiologist to start with the therapist. unless, of course, it doesn’t work, and especially if the person already has some kind of cardiovascular problem. if there are serious risk factors there, but then it already makes sense to contact a cardiologist. i still have to say. that even now, if we take the level of low-density cholesterol, here