a loud explosion in the center of amsterdam woke up the city when people poured out acrid smoke from the houses, already enveloped the entire street of such a fire, the city had not yet seen flames escaping from the windows of a burning house, muffled

explosions. an ominous flash terrified burned. not just a home workshop of an artillery engineer and pyrotechnics. the first witnesses to the fire that brought down the fire told about a huge ball that flew out of the window of the owner in the turmoil, they did not look for the flames not to spread to neighboring buildings nitrate, gray and gunpowder. only in the morning somehow at the site of the laboratory. there was a black file left. they were seized by the owner of the workshop, he was nowhere to be found, probably died along with the manuscripts, diagrams, drawings , rumors about the causes of the fires were rumored. the pyrotechnician burned out it was not by chance that they began to remember who the owner of the workshop was

kazimir semenovich, an engineer from the grand duchy of lithuania. commander. napoleon bonaparte prepared troops for battles. studying the book of kazimir semenovich in the 20th century, the world-famous inventor konstantin tsiolkovsky referred to the ideas of his belarusian colleague, and finally the nasa space agency recognized him as one of the main proponents of astronautics. to investigate the fire in the house of pyrotechnics, the governor of the startam instructed an experienced detective, lieutenant de vries. he was to find out what happened at night in the engineer's laboratory, find out the fate of semenovich and uncover the mystery of the mysterious fire. in

in wooden cities, unexpectedly , the detective was summoned a little bit to the palace of the archduke of austria to meet with lieutenant de vries , leopold fund habsburg himself, leopold wilhelm von hans, the brother of holy roman emperor ferdinand iii erz duke, austrian grand master of the order of ticton during the thirty years' war, commander of the austrian troops , wanted to meet became widely known as a patron of painting, his collection became the basis for the vienna kunsthistorisches museum, the author of numerous poems in italian, what did the detective find at the scene of the fire, are there any

suspicious traces? there is nothing suspicious. pyrotechnics some kind of fireball for sure fireworks spectacularly he was an artist. it always surprised me in him semenovich, he is an artilleryman. isn't artillery an art? you read his book, the great art of artillery, somehow you didn't have to. i have a different profile with her and start thinking you will find clues great art. it is

one of the main boundaries about history and biography that kazimir semenovich was born in 600 and will move from one side of the highest lithuanian configurative power, not a calm chance of constant military trumpeters and war poured people to the river. in the 17th century , warriors with sweden and the ottoman empire swept across the commonwealth one after another , relations did not develop, and the unrest and polish intervention with moscow led to a protracted confrontation, the country bled if

the belarusian investigators of kazmir. semyonovich lost weight for a poor man, it’s possible that the prince of these shlyakhinskaya town semenovich near dubrovo, which is not far from the court of the terrible port of the father-in-law, has become poor kazimir semenovich a hmm, trimmed from one side. yagu’s occupation of ole hib by science for how he occupied full sovereign, maybe political settlements, maybe he became adrenovite, but a military commander, and hmm, her husband took up a certain, insha, and a career and kaib could break the great self-interest, not only like you, you can do everything gromatulkulki, and specifically, uh, far uh, surnames shlya? troshkino ’s choice of the khet surname strangely, the book of converts, but it mentions things that are far from shells, and some mystical rites a huge number of people of both

sexes and all ages climbed into the streets of cities, as well as in the meadows, in order to take round dances and cheerful dances around a multitude of lit bonfires. the lieutenant tried to imagine. this spectacle of fire fascinates the young gentry kazimir semenovich, who, hiding behind the trees, watches the mystical rite fall. semenovich found traces of the fiery element everywhere in books on mathematics and physics, the works of alchemists and treatises of philosophers, i myself write my own books of roots.

if it seemed to me that i had not yet learned something, or did not try the property? i am at home more with e young and telenovite experimenters, uh, ending my career in poverty, she is already a brotherhood and such a forest could stand in front of the casimir, who introduced the prince to the great scale of artillery. kazimir semyonovich under the armchair one word under the armchair. e, the royal guardianship over him of individuals with such dimness that already e is not about the twenties, but the seventeenth year, kazimir semenovich spent mercy. uh, the most great princes and king, and vladislav has a vase albu vladislav the king of speech commonwealth, vladislav the fourth was an

ambitious man and a decider of his power. he wanted to approve the successes of the gates of the people, and this requires a strong army and modern weapons. artillery appeared on belarusian lands in the fourteenth century. the first views of pushkin were, they were decorated with frightening wings with iron fangs, like a real fire dragon surprised their helplessness with rods and scales, a whole group of soldiers served heavy clumsy guns, while the accuracy of hitting guns of that time was low or almost blind. until the 17th century guns were ordered from foreign masters by armory yards, professional secrets were carefully guarded. the manufacture of guns was surrounded by an aura of secrets and superstitions, king vladislav understood the future for artillery. he even established a special rank for those who wanted to serve in such troops

, adelsman, translated from the swedish nobleman, a military rank in the commonwealth was established in 1634, in order to attract the hat to serve in the unpopular artillery troops before that. they numbered only 100 specialists. wish was awarded to graduates of the school of royal artillerymen, as well as to outstanding privates of artillery, in order to increase the prestige of the profession , adelsman provided all sorts of privileges. they could travel around europe at the expense of the treasury in order to learn from the experience of artists from other countries and the knowledge of engineers from european universities . ekaterina semenovich received the title of adele sman. i don't consider myself

a creative person at all. eh, more so stubborn. well, such a stubborn person. here, this is my art. i think so, there are moments when people just, well, they were refused, yes, that is, one door closed, the second, they don’t try further. here. well, i 'm going, that's until they open it, the belarusians are a project of updated people. we all come from childhood. yes, and i don't remember. at what point was the project born, it was born for some time, and it was a series of some of my street choices, like you and i, thermoses sandwiches and discussing the most important things in the center of the lake not yet. yes, we will discuss, we will not come to a common consensus. we don't leave the lake. this is how we like to have fun and work on our tv channel. together with the stars, expert psychotherapists are always, when a person has some kind of unrealistic. the goal is not achieved, which in itself is understandable. this

can always be justified, probably, something has not been completed here , let's discuss the topical issues that we face every day. here's some limited checks for you, please bring it in, i 'll see what you're spending it on. so here's total control of a woman who works as a muse and homemaker. she risks that one day. she will cease to be interested in her man to safely resolve any conflict situations. again, a person comes from the base between the base to work with their roots. for what his tree was hooked on this earth. watch the concept of harmlessness in the program on belarus 24 tv channel. for new knowledge, semenovich went to the

dutch pyrotechnicians. they were considered the best in europe, but lieutenant de vries turned to them to find out about semenovich's life in amsterdam, he is here knew well remembered, but told about the engineer the reluctance of the lieutenant felt something was hiding to draw out a few words. only a young apprentice succeeded, what do you know about regretted? this upstart who does not know how at night left the experience. and what about experience?

i'm sorry do not want to master. he heard our conversation and grasped immediately when he first came to us and kept everything measured. he counts and writes down. he still didn’t like ours, they envied him and what, and they also say yours is involved in a fire, no, they couldn’t. to just do it. semenovich first came to the netherlands young, and

free rich amsterdam attracted scientists. and artists merchants and artisans from all over europe, but the engineer thought little of art or trade even at night. he spent in the pyrotechnic shops that smart is more important than yong ah to fight in practice. it seems to me that the fires, and the clay of the military on the right and write the artillery from the dutch , were serving, and the most important ideas that rushed were not the so-called eighties wars of the wars of the dead. uh, the netherlands owes its independence from spain and he himself is an asabista, but about well done at the siege of special points on the northern points and fortresses, and at the privacy of the reporting house, that jon is the allotte of the siege of the fortress. in the laboratory of semyonovich, he became acquainted with the habsburgs. the monarch immediately noticed the energetic and brave litvin, who deftly

controlled the cannon. the decision to join the habsburg army was given to casimir, it was not easy for semenovich. paradox, but he went to someone else's war in order to defend his homeland, the battle is the best way to learn the secrets of european artillery, and at the same time to check their own guesses and calculations, however, the senseless death of soldiers on the battlefield gave rise to other sad thoughts. military discovery multiplied every day and beyond the distorted minds of evil people. generates and such contradictions came across

to the lieutenant, at every step, on the one hand, semenovich described in detail the structure of guns for the development of military science. one of the intrigues of kazimir semenovich's lessia can be the most important mystery, but the nutrition is divided by steps, the doctor released in this book of his, the great bridge artillery, and kibu in this sans god harness i am my new asia artillery and remotely lunge. i succeeded by many yak of the failure of the apocalypse and what kind of husband from a niche, that is, for a person it was a chance for a pity, uh, mass conflicts of serious uh, warriors, at the meshes of which they threw not alone, dozens of hundreds, but a man i, sometimes many medieval uh , battles, but thousands of tens of hundreds of thousands of people died, can you unravel? in theory, the so-called

smolensk war was a fishing rod and he missed the war of 1632-34, and privacy at the siege at the storm white fortress. the war between the russian kingdom and the commonwealth of 1632-34 was declared by the russian tsar mikhail fedorovich in order to take possession of the smolensk lands and gain access to the black and baltic seas, the main goal of the russian garrisons, smolensk managed to defend. however, the enemy captured a small white fortress and on march 22, 1634, the troops of the commonwealth besieged the city, but failed to take it by storm, attempts to dig and flood the fortress to crush its walls turned out. king of golden the fourth instructed the royal artillery, the engineers decided to dig a long underground gallery and blow up the walls with land mines, when the infantry was ready

to storm an explosion, but the engineers made a mistake explosion. the steel of the polish infantrymen took the lives of their own soldiers. the wall of the fortress did not even move semenovich understood the charge was laid incorrectly by the gunners, they could not cope with the fire again , artillery, pyrotechnics and distant highways - this is not uncommonly sluggish. yes. uh, well, knees on the tadzhakhli, then, in the film, the shkodny offensives are not infrequently not skillful cross-country artillery, they bent their same people their strength. troop strength, when the projectile hit, missed the target. the gunners thought the gun was out of sorts today. you need to ask for help from the saints instead of the scientific search for prayers and conspiracies. semenovich vinyl in defeat, only ignorance and superstition

is another matter, the enlightened holland country was experiencing its golden age, trade was in full swing , science was developing, art was flourishing. they did it here , actually. drunk eyk rembrandt, perhaps under the impression of the paintings of the great masters, and kazimir semenovich began to relate to artillery, as art at home. he returned full of strength and desire to improve his skills. lieutenant defrize was perplexed if kazimir semyonovich returned to the commonwealth to do what he loved. if he wanted to improve artillery for the benefit of his country, then why should he publish a book in the netherlands and, most importantly, why publish it at all a textbook for artists and pyrotechnicians full of military secrets, and after

the publication of the book. they became available to everyone. lordship, i'm sorry to disturb you, but there are questions that only you can answer. you allowed to print this book, let's say a book in which semenovich trumpeted military secrets to the whole world. moreover, i helped him with money to find a publisher for him, uh, an engraver, but there are secrets not only of holland's soothing speech. why do i ask? i just want to understand for what purpose. in this case, the head of this conspiracy is in front of you. why do you think it was impossible

to publish this book, he has no way. naturally, shamov’s half-baked food is not in the homeland, jamu is not swindled in warsaw, not in krakow, there is a version of it, stellar with the laws of biographical facts, and with the service of the academy of rasil semenovich a near warsaw, where where some measure up to the next conflict of his i to the governors of the coronary artery with their direct kirovnik. in 1646, after a long trip around europe, the talented adelman kazimir semenovich returned to his homeland in the commonwealth and again entered the service of vladislav iv in just 2 years, he was appointed deputy head of the royal artillery, a position, honorary and responsible, was not happy about this.

only in the very chief of artillery, six artishevsky. an energetic , educated opponent appeared on the horizon, artishevsky did not show his discontent. i began to wait for his new deputy, let's say a mistake. on may 28, 1648, artillery engineer kazimir semenovich issued 100 dutch muskets from the military arsenal and did not demand 60 copies of payment. artishevsky semenovich did not agree. he had a different version of events since the artilleryman did not require payment. it means that he already received it bypassing the treasury, he accused semenovich of stealing state money for the whole kingdom and declared him a liar and a thief

. now that the scientist has completed an invention that will change the military history of the commonwealth , drawings of a new swift weapon are already ready. pyrotechnics was known before semenovich according to one of the legends. the first rocket was launched into china, however, there is almost no further pyrotechnics developed. to design a rocket weapon, there was not enough theory or practice; scientists who were involved in jet propulsion understood the movement of a rocket, not in the way semenovich said and not in the way it is interpreted, but now they understood as follows that the rocket moves due to the fact that the outflowing powder the gases from the rocket are repelled by the air. this idea was in the minds

of people involved, including jet propulsion until the beginning of the 20th century, only in 1910, american scientists robert goderrt conducted a simple experiment. launched a rocket at airless space. so the air flew out, nothing to do with the rocket pushing the powder gases forward kazimir semenovich discovered this back in 1650. the fire regains its power when it flows out of more power to throw the missile forward. it would seem that the mystical phrase has nothing to do with physics, but in it semenovich practically formulated newton's third law, by the way, the famous physicist was then only seven years old. when rocket fuel burns, burns, in addition to the fact that there is fire, there is pressure from these combustion gases and they fly out

through the nozzles and thus. having great pressure, they repel and, according to the law of counteraction , push the rocket forward, kazimiroseminovich ’s wisdom is that when there was no this modern theory of rocket propulsion and rocket ammunition, he expressed a brilliant idea, in fact, only in other words, the words of that time in the middle of the 17th century. here it is a new force that will make the army of the commonwealth invincible and ensure the security of the country forever. stop the wars in the homeland of the scientist. however, if the royal court recognizes casimir semenovich guilty of stealing artillery, he will no longer be allowed to come close. seminovich asked the gientse and the king himself. not so long ago, the country buried

the patron saint of artillery, vladislav the fourth, and the throne passed to his younger brother ii was heard by the gentry near vitebsk. yes, i am a judicial sparker, tishevsky, he was already informed. he did not really believe in the accusation. semenovich did not look like a thief and decided to figure it out. the engineer himself, told the monarch both about the court case and about his scientific search for new artillery, which would strengthen military power of the country after a short conversation. on the second i personally acquitted the marching kazimir semyonovich , he left the castle free of charges, but the disappointed monarch did not appreciate his invention of staying at home. after this story, semenovich did not want him here, they did not understand him, they did not support him soon. he left the polish-lithuanian commonwealth

, perhaps amsterdam, the city of science and art, will appreciate his discovery. do you dream of traveling, but don't know where to start ? pictures from the past did not appear by chance. after all , we are heading to one of the oldest cities belarus where we will tell about the most beautiful and interesting cities of belarus in the tour. the inhabitants of this city are happy people on the central square. has its own big ben. height 13 m. we will show. the main attractions of the monument to cyril of turov were installed on castle hill on may 13 , 1993. commemoration day of the saint and share historical facts. it is known that on june 23 , 1944, the legendary

operation of bagration began from here, see the program of the city of belarus on our tv channel. you met me i haven't lived with my wife for two years now. she and i broke up, local. you want me to leave. the thing is, your ex-wife tried to kill herself. olya, we're at work, get out of the office. you need to go home, only you need to go. now you know what can happen. yes, you can live with it, we can live with it. i want you to move to your dacha for the weekend

on belarus 24 tv channel. at the beginning of semenovich’s idea to print a book, it seemed crazy to me, but he convinced me, he treated artillery as a great art art. i make little sense of it. well you have a tutorial, at least half. part one yes

, i noticed, and what about the second? so it's your task to find out if there was a second one and if it was where it is, now you think, is this somehow connected with the fire? who else could know about the second volume except you, of course, after all, surely someone knew after the noise that the first one made. the great art of artillery in europe followed the first volume of the book, a real hunt, pyrotechnic artillerymen from different countries dreamed of getting a copy of the book translated into french, engineers and the military carefully studied the developments of semenovich, they were especially struck by the discovery in the field of pyrotechnics and rocket science. this is what he says in his book. i reviewed all the literature that existed at that time, but he lived in the center of europe and nowhere

found information that a hole can be made in solid fuels, and so he first drew. scheme of rocket fuel, where this conical hole was made in the center, klin is still used today in all powder solid rocket engines, if there was just a hole here it would just be set on fire, it would all burn evenly and would not create a lot of thrust, but due to the fact that the cone-shaped hole with each moment of burning. the burning area increases and the thrust of the engine increases. simple it would seem that the line on the drawing, kazimir semenovich, suggested bandaging the rocket in the tail. in other words, to narrow the nozzles, the pressure of the fire increases, which means that the reactive force increases and, as a result, the speed of the private book sets. okien. i looked through, i didn’t

find ragged tops and not often reported on the street, in short, or one, in my opinion , the largest dead for the night in the distant of this book was precisely that the light was not afraid to open it here, this amnitsa of its workshop and the ocean, against the hour , broke away everything to cut down on the mind that closedness knew. pies for the development of science itself, it is straight between it and does not turn around to the fullest extent , if a burning lamp brings a thousand unlit ones closer so that they are lit for it until the first lamp does not lose, neither its oil nor its flame of sincerity with the heart revealed what it was dishonest to hide. not for reward for any other reason from blows. i give what i received for free to serve the universal. good general good. that was the key, but how can one

serve humanity by inventing a murder weapon? the printers of jan jansen, the publisher, smelled of wood and fresh paint. i'm sorry he's gone . the gambler was a scientist who could do so much more. semenovich showed me the manuscript. she was almost ready, but he wanted to finalize. or he just didn't want to keep it here. there were reasons to fear someone, there were reasons not to trust anyone. i myself

afraid to keep afraid, of course, for the manuscript. would take would sell semenovich was obsessed with science and art. better rockets serve venus than bloodthirsty mars. and i say this in a book about artillery, an extraordinary person. so maybe they were hunting for semenovich. it is possible, although it seems to me that semenovich himself fooled everyone around his finger, setting fire to his house, and took the manuscript with him. the new version seemed improbable to the defreeze, how

valuable inventions must be to cost scientists their lives. and what about the rocket? how to make her exactly flew to the target, semenovich managed to find the answer to this question of ancient times, when the chinese were still making rockets, that is, there were different forms of stabilizing systems, these stabilizers. well , as a rule, they were, corresponding to their age, let's say so in antiquity to everything. and here we are seeing a

completely modern version of absolutely, which is now relevant and is used on models with an elegant touch and the shells of semenovich have triangular and deltoid wings. now his missiles could maintain a given trajectory. and means no more need to ask the gods about the exact shot. the speed of a rocket depends on such parameters as the thrust of the rocket, which have already been discussed both on the mass of the launch rocket and on the mass of the rocket on the trajectory, the smaller this mass is, the rocket speed will be more than the book that semenovich wrote in the middle of the 17th century. we find and drawing a sketch of a multi-stage rocket, as he imagined it today, everyone knows that to go into space from our planet. only possible on a multi-stage rocket. we see here in a row three shells. here is the smallest and

, in fact, the largest body of the first stage. and so, it means that we set fire to burns. first stage. an expelling charge is ignited through this hole, which, exploding, sets fire to the second stage and at the same time throws this second stage out of the first stage from here, in the same way, the second stage flies further, the burnt-out engine of the ignition. the expelling charge again sets fire to the third stage and the last third rocket flies away, the smallest and fastest opinion. so there was the multi-stage rocket was another version of its design, the longitudinal main rocket is surrounded by several additional ones, which are discarded as soon as the fuel in them runs out . 250 years in the history of science. later, space exploration will begin with it.

vladimir semenovich galactic interplanetary flights and and not but rastortsovy spaceships is important that kazimir semenovich is real to the world, who knows what has left and such creators leonardo da vinchikov? so, a version of a few the house could be set on fire by pyrotechnics workshops. the book burned their secrets in safety this time we suspect. all

the more or less noticeable armies of europe, foreign agents kill semenovich and, according to his drawings, they make the best weapons in the world and a pleasant option. but these two cannot be discarded, the third version is scientists. just ran off with a second tom and set everyone around his finger in a blaze of fire. without turning around and not even saying hello, the lieutenant immediately asked if there was some news of a version of yours lordship. yes, yes, of course. of course. we do not know the knee

died to live the world, we do not know semenovich. yaquino, it's over the breaks of their furnishing. it can be said that the hour in which he lived, it was a chance for some sensei colleli similar to our court of horror. people got sick, you will show your eyebrows on a bag - this is not a careless rabble. uh, how to show on kolki and these are inhuman instruments that the trapper hands of people naturally demanded, how to say? and kazimir semyonovich was a professional and showed. fish to think operational yang rats fish to sense thuja, and the forces, what a trapel at your hand and think not only about today and about purchases, for example, here are specific fortresses, alepra further climbs. ah, all the people. that's all, he is

of european civilization, and he understands that he calls a person a little, and so he himself wants to open a person. they could equate emotions in all ukraine, as if they were like pyros, as a rule. nemel germany the great art of artillery, published in german dutch portuguese and in polish, the book was the main textbook for artillerymen in europe for two centuries. the invention of a multi-stage rocket was at various times attributed to the russian engineer konstantin tsalkovsky, the german designer werner, he was a brown american, robert gotdort, but her drawing was already known in the 17th century by the book of the belarusian scientist, the design of the rocket, which today raises into space, scientific research apparatus satellites orbital station,

proposed by semenovich figured cuts in the fuel. narrow nozzle idea, triangular designers still use delta-shaped stabilizers for ignition. was published in frankfurt am main in german in 1.676 25 years after the death of kazimir semenovich

chick-chick-chick what is more important to you talent or diligence look at the talent. this is what is given to us from above. yes, you need to look for it in a person. one must find unearth, diligence. it's spent just simply a gift that.