on the verge, yes, that is, this is criminological research - this is research work, this is the conduct of climatological examinations and the prevention of offenses - this is also anti-corruption education in general. legal education of citizens. we try to keep up with the times and meet the realities of the time and really take into account the interests of various spheres of various representatives of society. well, the states. thank you very much. good luck to you and your colleagues. it was a science project. i am ekaterina berskaya. we hope you were with us interesting. see you on the air.

literally yesterday, we started excavations and found material that confirms the version that there was some kind of handicraft production, most likely. we stumbled upon the jeweler's workshop in the heat of the moment. we are standing on the spot where 1,000 years ago there was a furnace and a jewelry master worked, a fact that truly amazes the imagination and another reason for pride for

belarusian archaeologists about literally ten meters away a legendary river flows, which gave the name to the beloved capital today it is difficult believe, but the history of the metropolis began right here near the modern village of gorodishche, now it is a quiet and peaceful place, and glorious, the past of which is reminiscent only of bizarre hills , index plates and inscriptions on boulders, but in the tenth eleventh centuries. life was seething here, we found a trading craft settlement posad on the menka river, where there were some workshops and trade was taking place nearby. in the menka itself , probably 50 meters away, most likely there was some kind of pier where they could land and small boats ships with goods for historians and archaeologists gorodishche fertile ground for research these specialists do not build theories, they rely solely on the evidence base. here it is this summer. they disappear not in the archives, but on the site of one of a thousand summer settlements in general, if you look at the structure of a medieval city -

these are, as a rule, the fortified settlements of vedenets and posad, open such settlements, settlements of the archaeological complex ment, four such all breams around the settlement, we are now on settlement number two, which is located on the left bank of the handle from the mind, when you imagine that this earthen rampart is more than ten centuries old, it will be more impressive than the great wall of china in the place of an empty space in the center, there was once a real city surrounded by ten-meter walls, in which lived princes, artisans, merchants, population density. here was one of the highest principality of polotsk, archaeologists found here eroded dishes, weapons, artifacts from scandinavia, byzantium and egypt, we they found seven trade lead seals with the image of princely days, the saints sealed the goods with such seals and they also sealed the skins of fur animals, which were the main settlement

material - coin weights were found in the tenth-eleventh century, and also found a large number of all kinds of non-ferrous metal melts of chopped tin ingots . which indicates that here, in addition to trade, there would also be a craft and not just a craft, but precision jewelry, ancient jewelry that just yesterday lay in the ground surprises with the grace of the performer. no, here look, this part of the twisted ring. there's still a patch left here. so, when the ring is cast in a mold, the channel is a sprue, and on the edge of the product such a kantik is called a flash, then the master bites off this rebound and protects it with files and the finished product is obtained. this is still, not cleaned, most likely, the product broke during the manufacturing process and the jeweler put it aside for a while, you need to understand that the inhabitants of the era took everything that was best and necessary with them, moving from place to place. but the broken dishes are torn worms or such a ring broken in half

remained at a distance of a new cultural layer . metallography shows that most of the jewelry found here is made of tin and its alloys. to the earthen ramparts and get into the very heart of the city. have you ever heard that we have our own danube, but this is not a river, but a narrow stream on it and the progenitors of the minchuk began to settle in the middle of our millennium, the movement of slavic tribes began to develop new territories, since this territory was very poorly populated. the settlement potential is still quite large. the most important thing is that the floodplain, the upper reaches of the rivers are bird-like. this meca is a very beautiful land. for agriculture, in general, the ideal practically future settlement was determined by the path from the varangians to the greeks, and powerful walls were erected for strengthening. now he is. we are standing at the

balls, the so-called settlement is the original settlements of the iron age, to which the slavic tribes of oxen came in the ninth century. here were a little less filled up. they were there when you were here, and these are big ones, so that the defenses of this settlement would be strengthened, however, the ancient metropolis together. his jewelry workshop did not last long. on whistle. one of the largest defensive structures of its time was already being erected. in the thirties, slava's eyes showed a donk, a strain, he obeyed the shift. here is here 50 just year. here in this book. could minsk change to move to the svislach, rather, this is how the minchuks moved, taking the name of the city with them, this hypothesis was first put forward by academician mikhail yasinsky and belarusian researchers. vasily tarasenko , who immediately after the war began to carry out excavations at the minsk castle, confirmed this idea. this is a model of the yak looked like an armenian suede on a

horse, let's say the twelfth. uh, he continued that the minsk deputy dima we go in and hang out three times more married moments, but there is a settlement in the window city. and here on the eleventh city, well kaluga unraveled summer psi 0, and on the twelfth stage. well, maybe there is one there, two maximum ha , the answer for a long time lay at the base of the bulk shafts , the excavations that were carried out during the construction of the rome metro in the mid-eighties , our hero was lucky with his own hands, to touch history, nine rolls of berlions on average rides , so to speak, that the diameter is up to 20 cm, no more, and people are already 9 m

each. shaft 15 m. npp multiply here is the sound of a mathematician, and the circumference of suede on a svisloch circumference is practically 1 km. and now kolka trebova was to put down those who were flogged with bereavement. what do you think, in order to feed this shaft? i'll tell you archaeologists have treated none. you think, when thousands of trunks, you are the key to the pines, according to modern estimates, this territory occupies up to 16 football fields, a grandiose construction site at the confluence of the nemiga svislachi. unfolded at the end of the 11th century. prince vseslav, nicknamed the sorcerer and this required colossal human resources. the glory was to score such a military outpost farpost whatever controlled all this power, that

is, it stretched along the entire economic stream, all of england of that cop. the ganaments of the courts on the nemise i began to be called the nyansky hood, and he will break the one, posada, he was not here, there were no peers. let's live in the army and the name of this city-fortress was appropriate, located on the banks of the nemiga river, by the way, in the annals , the simultaneous mention of two cities, minsk and low, was preserved. i got in myself. and here is the parish this is the carriage of the villages, yes, these yes, the territory itself, which it was, and it was the minsk parish, and that, having named the capital of natural exchange, the courts have three hectares of neobis, surrounded by a steep earthen rampart, which reached a height of seven meters and a width of up to 30 this

was the legendary minsk castle, archaeologists were amazed by the depths that opened up before them back in 1984. and then it was even possible to walk along the streets of the ancient city, our operational zero. here it will be 18. here it is our excavation of the eighty-fourth fifth eighty- sixth year, that is, the very, very great two thousand square meters. and so we conceived the vavik , this end began here, where are the reports on us. come on us where we stand. right here. here's a whistle behind us. go to the end of the bottle of this procious zervyk. it's the courts here you hunt the avenue for the store olesya overhead two bottles passes between them there, but the schools turn back every day thousands of people pass by the house of an athlete not even

suspecting. what a treasure is under their feet, it was at the modern exit of the metro station by them, towards the sports palace, that the entrance gate was located. this is a gate, and pobediteley avenue crosses the dil castle in half, these places and another secret are kept in 1993 at this place. a form was laid out under the murks of the temple, elk well abundant such a memorial place, but i’ll say right away that this is not a temple above the temple from the cover there, we have a share, that’s god and the booths are not above the temple. well , in general, the orthodox church came out such a miracle know, archaeologists have found here. and another very important object that echoes the legend of the city's foundation by a strongman, a sign and a miller meniscus is the largest excavation. here, in the eighties, the construction of the station pit was carried out with metroniums. and during these excavations, the foundation of the building was discovered, which the archaeologist pyotr

usov identified as a mill of the 15th century. this mill was mentioned. uh, they brought me to the magdeburg law. 499 years perhaps this is the mill and became the prototype of the legendary mill less. say it is known that it had four water wheels. king, polish grand duke, lithuanian sitting inside the vase gave permission for the construction. two more wheels, it would have turned out six wheels, almost like seven at the medic , this mill was destroyed on the night of april 22, 1751 as a result of an armed uprising of the minsk cherni, whose isotor was a very colorful character. minsk voit anthony tattooirovich for children, nicknamed the rhinoceros, he could become the prototype of the very meniscus that grinded stones into flour, however, real confirmation of the legend. so no one found it, but between minsk of the period of magdeburg law and

the center of the specific principality, many important historical events of minsk lay on the role. here is such a cardinal center. a year is enough for us knyazev cops minsk bread. here it was to the son of glory the enchanter, i kupaty honey divided his land. you just stood up your starvation for m6, not only as an independent lador, but giving a sheet to experienced ones and for a big role in fishing to fight with the kiev princes, for which apollon was in a hurry, and sat bogged down - namely, this ukraine is being treated, which all beauties on the swamp is such a center, that is, where the arrogant carpets are, and there the squad was sitting right there at the beginning to succumb from alina's church, it 's a pity, obviously a memory. they say in minsk that after its own full moon, minsk loses its urgency, but its main function of managing nearby lands was not to go, and it is so self-sufficient in its own way. one of those or how i polyustovskogo original is fairer. here it

becomes the center, the east, and after this improvement of the belarusian land, namely this part of 1.793, russia becomes gu with what a city where to shackle its status already and according to the bonfire revolution and all this time the city grows first around the city posad, the most ancient street, a settlement on the left bank. whistle me. yes, to me in what products is this trinity revenge, these trinity, uh, opera and ballet theaters - this is rakovskaya, however, not all of us are on troitskaya hill. we had a dairy market, such meaty ones, these cakes were there somewhere, and somewhere there are two faces - this is under the walls of the city, and how it was the lower market, but the most prestigious place has long been considered the upper city here, uh, for 40 years even the richest. the greatest possible? for a knight, the clerks of children could not understand one of their own, and

noodles decided on the temples, that is, according to misha, there were none. and stupidly, that is, we tower, as each house personally stood close to one to one, and whether jung or wow was rarely taller than one and a half or two according to the version, it must be said that minsk was wooden for a long time, so it burned to the ground more than once according to this for the same reason , the town hall has not survived to this day. that we can see now was built in modern times at the beginning of the 21st century. but the unique surviving house, in which two eras converged at once, minsk became a stone highway of the russian emperor or will allow itself to be served, stone houses, only the richest can be, and the landlords in roundabout landmarks and yards and officials of the russian rich meat, and she lived in the mouth of a beauty lodge such as a stamp, that is, only any high stone rebounds could often accommodate a meister as well. kek frames te e for hire already at replanting back yakovlevna, then, i feasted important dwellings about them;

they were wood-burning, as the inhabitants of minsk lived in those days . so you want and the feast is important. ah, natural products according to wine memory, that the christian tradition often had fasts there, for example, they got along with meat driving, but it was rare, however, visiting gentlemen did not require to go far, because the birth of a difference. i just happened to be in the upper market. right there it was possible to be a gardener, and besides, the legislator about the commonwealth of the great lithuania regulated more than established did not keep a new page in the history of the city opens the nineteenth century, for the first time in minsk locomotives sounded in november 1871, when a section of the railway was opened in the direction, smolensk minsk brest it gave a powerful impetus to emergence of the first enterprises. and he is a bank office is declared a restaurant is a studded fillet.

i don’t know more about feeding his hotel, york, updated with us, the first one in minsk was held central plumbing and electricity, and the guests were spitting like that. everything in this hotel. according to rumors, private taxis could cross, but such services could be used, only wealthy garages and guests of the city were available for everyone else, the minsk race. we ourselves are now near the car. this is how it looks like the minsk icon. but as a rule, it was painted in such a blue color and next to it you are met by such a person who was called the conductor. he was the father of his such a special form, very reminiscent of lyceum he had tickets like this, paper tear-off tickets, the cost was very cheap, and so on, there are 2 kopecks four kopecks. and the average fare is up to 20 kopecks. on the central line, then there were no public transport stops, as well as the road traffic was caught with the words, stop, and went out on demand. well, in

order to warn their passengers that now the transport is becoming, or will move, such a bell hung here. and just like that, it rang loudly, so constantly the sound of an iron roads. and this bell is ringing all the time, so the competition was heard from everywhere in any part of the bowl replaced by the first public transport. in 1929. tram. however, this is a completely different story. we will continue our story. about minsk very soon. the prices of which goods are subject to regulation today are regulated today, mainly consumer goods prices for consumer goods, if we say, in general, in the

aggregate, about 90%, uh, of the coverage of consumer goods that are such in the classical consumer basket of our consumer of our population, which is mainly in demand, and the exceptions here are just the same yes for industrial goods or for goods that are used in the production process. why this product group? well, because consumer products are the products that we've seen on the shelves of end-of-life stores. quite right. and therefore. uh, of course, for a while, while we were developing this system, there was a ban on everything on the entire price increase, well, in fact, now we limited this group to consumer goods here as well. in this system, almost the entire chain is regulated. well, here's a little more. how this chain each element of this chain will be regulated. well, let's start from the very tail,

if it's to make it popular to explain, it's uh, directly trading objects, how they regulate them, uh, it is fixed, the retail trade markup, uh, depending on the type of goods they have different. uh, there starting from 15 and even ten percent for the most fast wrapping. there, for example, the dairy group or the meat group and ending there with fifty- five percent. uh, clothing shoes and so on, there may be an ordinary consumer. you will show that these are cosmic figures, but in fact this figure includes all the costs of selling many costs, at least for selling and taking into account the fact that the turnover of such goods. she, maybe even for years, therefore, such an allowance is somewhere even. justified justified is the first part, the second is the wholesale link. including, if there is a varietal the link between the manufacturer, e and the retailer, they

also have a fixed level of markup. but, by the way , they share it with retail in this case, if the wholesaler is the so-called, if he is a pure wholesaler, then he shares this allowance, for example, 55% , together with retail. well, the manufacturer. basically a manufacturer. e, perhaps, on the one hand, it can be clearer, but also the most difficult. uh, this actually registers an increase in prices for uh goods. e, if this is a new product, for example, if the manufacturer has not produced before, for example, shoes have started produce something for him. there is a certain limitation there. where he is. eh, can safely apply. e, an integral education within the framework of a fork is well, for example, there is 10% profitability, we limited it, and e he can apply e pricing without applying anywhere, but if e he produced, for example, there he produced clothes there, a t-shirt

or you produce more than different articles, then this is not a new product. now it creates questions. this is conditional goods only until new modification. is it the same or there is a chicken that was butchered or the chicken was alone then she suddenly stood there, uh fluorine content or something else, that is, this is not a new product in our understanding of the understanding of this decree. uh, that's why he actually fixes the rise in prices. in today's we had green changes and in fact, today's level is frozen. i am a manufacturer. well, another group of this partners. partners here innovation appeared. the so-called justification, the prices are now relatively speaking, if you carry net importers near the goods network, then you need to have. e justification. why did you choose this supplier? they are something else. well, here is

arbitrary absolutely form. there, like some kind of paper electronic media, this is done so that you can prove, for example, to the regulatory authority that you have chosen the right one. uh, the supplier depending on some form of calculation depending on the conditions and so on. well, here, well, the boxer also has restrictions on the allowances of the boxer's allowances, the so-called to the contract price and related costs are also fixed.

this edition of the season