elements of once-living goats are read, for example, real horns. yes, and it is with such a goat in such a goat that the corridors go from house to house, that is, it is very interesting, but uh, this, of course, is not the only one. uh, not the only place to see. we have such old archaic carol traditions, again, it’s interesting, the village of novinki, uh, berezinsky district, where such a holiday is celebrated, uh, pull a carol on an oak tree, january 21 is also here. what is interesting is the carol lotion cycle everywhere, we take the orthodox children's calendar there, then kolyada is everywhere they finish this on january 18-19, then there it continues a little more until 21 and 21 and 20 such special farewells are pricked. eh, here they pull only the lidun of the oak, too, you can surprise it today. quite an interesting rite when it embodies the lyadu. uh, snob uh wheat decorated resembling human human. and so they take him outside the village. uh, they raise the old oak tree, they again provide a symbol of renewal, and this collidation for a year on you in the middle of the field, let’s say,

it monitors its area and, again, i am a kind of amulet that here you can see today what has come down to us from the depths of centuries, even millennia, i can say, maybe at christmas, too , somewhere. you can go and see. yes , there is also such an interesting, and the custom is called the marriage of a tireshka, such a youth carol game, mainly for them married, uh, young people, but nowadays everyone already plays, both married and unmarried, such severity is no longer observed in this, we see the transformation of the holiday. he is the life of the waif that will be celebrated on the seventh of january. this village is velevshchina of the lipetsk region. there is the center of this carol games rite of horses. david gorodok is also on the old new year from january 13-14, where not only local residents, but also guests from all over belarus, even from other countries. right now they are coming there and there are holistic mass festivities of these horsemen and other conjurers. uh, starting tonight. and they go there until midnight, so this is also a very interesting holiday tradition. which you can come and

see. here it will be massive some unique carol rites are included in the unesco cultural heritage list are intangible historical and cultural values in belarus, what kind of rites are these and where today you can see them, maybe take part, if we are talking about a rite that is included in the unesco list, then here we mean a rite, carol kings. e, a well-known village in the semivo complex district of the minsk region. and this is the only place where such a rite exists in fact. this led to its inclusion in the unesco list, because not in belarus, not in general in the neighboring regions of neighboring countries, there is no such rite, so it is really unique and interesting uniqueness. and there are several such factors. the first is, of course, the images themselves. eh, carolers, that is, scalar kings. eh, here, but the uniqueness is not only in these images, but also in the fact that they play out the elements. the so -called folk dramas. tsar maximilian who takes origins back in the middle ages, that is, again, this is no longer preserved. and here we see how

centuries. here is the folk dramaturgy. it is preserved, again, very interesting effectively and at the expense of the costumes. and the fact that in the evening these carol kings light torches. here they go with them singing songs with drums. drop is also, of course, attractive. what other belarusian traditions should be introduced and may be introduced in the near future. and just the same, in this list of historical and cultural values, maybe some traditions also need to be saved, there are also, uh, belarusian uh, a list of intangible cultural heritage, where new traditions are introduced every year and there are already quite a lot of carol traditions. and the same carol tsar they are in unesco and of course the belarusian list also here is a rite to pull a carol on an oak tree. i mentioned. he also included, as well as a generous village in the ostrovsky district. also already in this list in this list, that is, we see that the brightest is the most authentic, but already there, but there are also other traditions that i did not name, that is, an interesting children's, but a rite. carol chickens of the klichev district, he is also

included in this list, that is, in principle, the specifics of children's conjuration. here, e, too, which, for example, was not preserved in other regions of the region, the belarusian tradition with the word weaving, and for carols our must-have elements were a straw spider such a voluminous geometric decoration and spiders the tradition of weaving spiders from straw - this is part of this more general tradition of weaving salon, and it is also included in the list obtained by unesco and uh, c. belarusian is also separately, by the way, the tradition of salon spiders of the bykhov region. that's it this area is already included in the list of material cultural. uh, the heritage of the berezovsky district. there is also such an interesting tradition of making wood chips such a bird amulet, which was also hung. uh, in the house for carols, as symbols of happiness and kindness. thank you very much , dmitry skvordchevsky, candidate of historical sciences , associate professor, belarusian state university, answered the questions of the program. the results and analysis of the main events of this week in the information and analytical program. the main broadcast of all the projects of our

tv channel is on the website www.24.by as well as in social networks. i'm sorry to you. all the best. early forest, sneaking, the sun, quietly, so holding his breath, although not from the cut of this court that the alignments brought the remainder. nil elevich

program postscriptum today our guest is petr petrovsky, a political scientist, ilya begun, a political analyst, let's talk with you today about one of the most popular professions today, these areas not so long ago the head of state held a meeting on this topic, but let's start with in addition, in general, what place does the it sphere occupy today in the overall structure of the belarusian economy, with what can be compared it does not stand out as a separate such sphere? this is our telecommunications. that's all there is to it it is connected, therefore, it stands out specifically, what part it occupies there is quite difficult, but it is not more than five percent three five, so according to various calculations, the percentage of our economy is the second moment. we must also be sober about the intensity of science, we are the father of technology. this is mainly outsourcing, which is included in the western, primarily technological chains. and, uh, his earnings

are connected, firstly, with the good training of it specialists in belarus, and the second point is that we have a good history. e image that we always fulfill all our requirements in within the framework of it and the belarusian programmer with it is easy. it is easy to agree with him to communicate and conduct business, therefore, when choosing from the big set, and belarusians offer one of the top ones and moreover, their payment is more top-notch than in some western countries. we will talk in general about which countries they mainly work for. here peter says that he works on the external logistics chain for which countries do they work? well, first of all, outsourcing, if we are talking about this segment in the sector telecommunications, but was focused

on the united states, great britain, european countries and only partly on asia, and they themselves were the largest paying customers. for a long time, it was the western, which today we call the collective west, so to speak, and including the cis countries, are also large oil companies. e business banks were quite active clients of our it business. and what is happening now in general in such a global it-sphere and, as far as you know, supply chains in the conditions of such an external crisis, so what will happen next, will our it specialists have jobs, for that very external period, firstly, now there is a certain growth ceiling in these industries. why because the salary that was formed among it specialists was associated with a certain shortage of these specialists in the common global market. now we are coming to the conclusion that this deficit is gradually being eliminated in our country as well.

the same process will take place that happened with engineers, at the end of the economist there are no engineers at the end of the xix beginning xx century, when they became by the middle of the xx century, these are average specialists with an average salary. here is the alignment. now the industry will enter the second moment, which should be identified, this is the sanctions war between the collective west and the conditional collective east. uh, who buys some. eh, some connections bring out some of the players in the western market, if we look at the belarusian ones, it brings out the players quite strongly and the question arises. and where should the belarusian it go? it is clear that here inside the eurasian market. it's small enough for this sphere, and here such a hybrid scenario is seen. a the science intensity of these technologies, that

is, not a fast process, is a strategic process, and the second point, which can be faster, is a reorientation to the countries of southeast asia, primarily china. this is enough market capacity. market volume. there 's plenty of question in another. firstly, and this is in the ability to work with such a specific chinese market, and the second moment is the mental readiness of it companies and specialists who work there to interact with the chinese, because this is another corporate culture. it may seem to many who are especially infected. this is western corporatism and values. it may seem uncomfortable and, uh, an example of this, is the history of our entire theory of the industry, where u are fairly solvent markets in southeast asia for them, they are not a

priority so far, despite the fact that china is a strategic partner for us, but in general, there are certain moments of doubt about the prospects of the it industry in belarus, but these are rather risks. i would name them first of all, you need to understand that it the sphere is roughly divided in half. that is, half - it's just the private sector and the state another half in terms of personnel. i mean it's pt that is. here they should be clearly separated pvd, approximately 80% of this outsourcing has its own structure, and therefore the remaining part of it, the belarusian industry, it is not so dependent, because it mainly works for domestic markets. or is it a private relationship with specific clients. these are not large outsourcing companies. so the suction companies have a problem. yes when a recession or some kind of global phenomenon begins, as in the twentieth year it was with quidad. first and foremost, companies cut costs. what exactly to outsource. they are suspending development. well, software,

because they are already functioning, and they may not incur additional costs for some time, thereby suspending companies are forced to either pay salaries to employees out of their own pockets or cut them altogether, that is, here is a recession that is now actively large e entrepreneurs in the usa they say that the united states is entering a recession phase, europe is already in it, and some countries have already recognized this within themselves. and it is precisely at the time of the recession that it began, it is outsourcing that begins to experience the biggest problems, so now this is half of our almost half of our theory of the industry. that's how peter correctly told them. it 's worth considering that you reorient yourself to the asia-pacific region in the middle east. it will be very difficult, because sometimes belarusians are chosen between belarusians and indians, who make up a very powerful information cluster too. these are not the indians who in the nineties wrote for lines of code payment. it 's still cereal. companies with a good

corporate culture and high quality, and we compete with them, but they often conclude contracts with us, because we are europeans, it is easier to communicate with us. we have a good cultural code, it is easier to communicate with us a single cultural code, and we know english well, that is, how not to twist is problematic, probably, even in the field of communication, the chinese know how to establish english is excellent. believe me. yes, here, here are the indians, in principle, a former colony, where the english language of states is yes, this is again a more mental issue, but here i would focus on science intensity and on linking to our industrial class. this is the main question. why because, unfortunately? this subsidizing is subsidizing, by and large , through tax incentives for the it sector, which took place from the middle of zero years until

recently, it led to a certain bias and washing out of personnel from our industrial cluster. why as they say, get there conditionally 1,000 dollars, if i can go and get 2,500 or and for what they paid such money, and the salary of it specialists is some kind of absolutely mythical figure. why such salaries? where do these amounts come from? here you need to understand that, unlike, for example, from us , peter, people working in belarus where our employers are belarusians, and we work in belarus, thus our full production cycle. so to say, goods or services are located in belarus of course, is abroad and in fact. why does outsourcing exist at all? there are americans, british, germans and so on, who have their own internal salaries, based on these economic conditions, but in order to find cheaper specialists in regions where the salary is lower, but the quality is not worse. they shoot there,

in fact, that’s the whole specificity of outsourcing, and therefore they actually pay not their american or british salary there, but also not our average belarusian salary in order to involve them here good interesting shots, including the salaries of it specialists. they are kind of overheated. that is, we compete in salaries in some places even with st. petersburg and moscow, and this is an abnormal situation, in fact, it is formed solely from the external conjuncture, because a person using the internet can work remotely, that is, in fact, they work on american or british or some other the market is not in the belarusian market, this is the fundamental difference, why do their salaries compare with belarusian sometimes, not really correct at all. i would also add here, because for the most part an it company is a transnational corporation. and often, even in the vast majority of cases, they are not registered in the so-called offshore zones, that is, they do not carry any social burden, they are, by and

large, in the social point of view , they are parasites that enjoy the benefits of belarusian education . but don't lend anything. and this is the main problem of the it industry and our the task is for our companies to be belarusian, so that they work on our technological chains and are socially responsible. they just sucked the brains out of our education and used it and said, but we won’t invest your education, because everyone understands perfectly well that specialists from education, uh, who can be programmers, and they will say. goodbye to salaries, and they will also go to work and education can leak. and besides this, part of the company is now being forced to go abroad. this and it also has like this. this is how much a

problem it is for our spirituality, because whole families are moving, and we are losing, including young and promising, we are faced with the fact that many times experts have told the it specialist where trade union organizations enter the industry. we have the biggest problem with hiring a worker. between an employer and an employee not in the public sector. she is in the private sector and in these industries. in particular, there is no one to protect the rights of these hired workers, because it is , by and large, mentally given to the proletarians. yes, if, according to the leninist marxist scheme, it is proletarian. they think it's pseudo bourgeois. this is due to the difference, yes, which is paid here, and this is the first point. the second point, and when they move abroad , they face what problems, but here in belarus they had a social package, belarusian free medicine, education

is quite good hmm uh, security infrastructure. they come to another country, firstly for belarus, firstly, they are foreign citizens. hmm they need to rent a house. if it's some kind of warsaw there. well it's 600-700. e euro. uh, free healthcare. there is no problem with education. okay yourself children. integration. you are a foreign language perspective of the retirement age, who will pay the pension? uh, i'm not talking about problems with infrastructure and other things, moreover, against the backdrop of a special military operation, there is a certain policy of some western companies hmm to force russians and belarusians out of the industry. that is, like this. uh, cultural ethnic racism in the

business sphere and many are faced with the choice to remain it in this regard, or still return some of them have already begun. who went tried and returned, despite the fact that he lost his company's job there and so on. i'm not far to go. no, if we abstract, then, of course, the numbers are high. i did just a few months ago. uh, the summary of our personnel in the telecommunications sector is precisely their dismissal. so i summed up the statistics, and from the beginning of 21 to the middle of spring of the twenty-second difference. do you know how many personnel were less than 20 in total, that is, despite the fact that there was an outflow associated with political events twentieth year. then, anyway, there was an influx of personnel in the sector, because new young personnel are graduating from the college of

universities, even graduating from courses, and some of them were cold. hmm, it’s falling now, it’s back. but no, at that time e was approximately aligned. that is, no matter how, no matter who shouted, the difference of several thousand was in fact with a total staffing of over 70,000 at that time, so it was within the margin of error. this very political special operation, which introduced additional adjustments, was the second wave of this temporary current, but as we know that here it is more likely an influx somewhere, and a wave, it tends to roll back, so here people will live for three or six months, someone is a little longer, someone is ashamed to admit to himself that he is all -the same was wrong someone forced the company. he will not immediately go against her, but most of the people will return already now, returning from those waves, so this is not a problem, especially in the background. not this recession developing in the west, let's see if they finally live abroad. they'll just see that this is not some kind of talk, what is somewhere

good? well, live where it's good. have they faced a different problem with our economy? now this wave will come back. as you said, do we have enough capacity to provide jobs for all those who have returned? our main task is not just to provide some jobs . we will provide a job if needed. uh, our task is to increase the knowledge intensity and surplus value of this product to make this product more sovereign. here we have now belarusian laptop began to produce, as well as software. whose on it is the first task. and what is software , this is the ability to control your information space, this is from security in tomsk, first of all, because it is a transnational corporation. we remember

how they threw trump off twitter. we know. what kind of policy do some mm hostings lead in not our television channels of the information space. uh, what is the policy of social networks and without i would not say a word of control without the internet being in belarusian legislative field, and only it industries can provide this, without this, we will not be a full-fledged sovereign state. this requires people. this requires science. to do this, you need a product. and this means that i would still like to see these specialists often, at least. it was the creation of a good it-cluster in the academy of sciences that would be engaged not in outsourcing, but

in depth development, which went into the scientific sphere. as the iron experts say. here is our task. and there are generally attempts to create. well, conditionally speaking, we all know that this is probably the most famous, yes, and hyped. and these projects in our country, are there similar ones or are they working on similar ones? well, for example, there in the academy of sciences or in some centers for work. here at the academy of sciences. here are some more soviet-era computer science institutes. e, there e will be less audible. why because they do not work not for the market, they work for science, that is, for the future and for strategy belarusian school of cybernetics belarusian school, artificial intelligence exists simply, our main problem is that we are in the zero years, we were faced with the task of preserving personnel and competencies in belarus, therefore let's take the easiest way to serve the west through outsourcing companies.

now our task is to correct this and form our own sovereign cluster of science-intensive cluster that will work in our country. ah, there's more to be said here . how much time is needed. and that's at least five years. and how much more money is needed, it must be certain investments in specialists in the creation of the entire infrastructure. uh, in order for it to function and be competitive, the benefit of sanctions. eh, they help us with this and the fact that there is a certain deficit on the russian market. e such products. this is also our advantage. just talked last year with representatives from the academy of sciences, they wrote the process. here it is, uh, in many ways the driving factor, uh, rent is just in the west . the difference is that they are often allocated grants that should not be returned. that is, even if venture funds failed

so-called, i.e. private funding goes including what problem we have and in the academic environment that even if you raise funds do you ask the academy of sciences for funds for some kind of research? you just break something, but within, in my opinion, 5 years must return this amount twice . that is, even if the hypothesis turned out to be wrong, then in this case, even if it turned out to be true, then you still drown very much as a bureaucrat. that is, we also need to reconsider some approaches, why sometimes and they don’t want to interact with us inside the country in private life, but a toy for a western country than to work for our economy, because sometimes these are the requirements. they don't match market conditions too, which may not always pay off the research. here in such a direct time in such a sum. you said that e waves after the political events in connection with the special operation in 2020. and the sphere to go quite actively supported the protest, which then became the driving force for it people. we talked about

that salaries are higher than belarusian e, tax preferences. and the appearance that everything is fine. why well, this is actually the main factor. in my opinion, because when your salary is much higher. the average salary in the it sector is approximately four times higher in belarus, yes, yes, that is, the average salary accrued in the sector is 3-4 times there, depending on how easy it is to evaluate. ah. and in this case, you are not involved in many processes in which other citizens are involved. for example, your lifestyle is changing, you are guaranteed to travel by taxi often, that is it specialist in a taxi, when he is just corny late for work, this is normal. here you e break away from reality, because you pay off the same mortgage faster, which, by the way, is not very good for the economy, uh, and in this case , you form a parallel reality. you begin to surround yourself with people like yourself and this creates problems. these are mental breaks, when a person no longer understands

that these people are not because they are some kind of bad or something. but they, it turns out, have such power, because with this power, here they all suffer. and here they are, because they work to the west. they are just like celestials. no, it's not. they just actually work abroad without actually going abroad, no more than they receive overseas salaries. what if someone went to poland to kick ass, but would not go to poland at the same time would pick strawberries remotely state in the private sector. uh, within the ideology is enough there is no weak ideological vertical there. and the system of grant support for some ideological state pro -state initiatives from below is not provided. that is, it turned out that e it

industry was, e, in fact, separated from the life of the state from patriotic education from civil society, firstly, and the second moment, who in her place came to this empty place, firstly, interaction with western companies primarily in the segmentality that was broadcast, corresponding to the value meanings, ideas second moment. that connection is about western foreign non-profit organizations that, while receiving foreign grant funding, used this initiative in civil society in the it industry and simple it people. and sent them into destructive anti-state channels. well, the third point is correct, or did i say the isolation of the it people themselves in social networks, the good is all the good

they are, being in privileged conditions with subsidies through tax breaks by this state. they accused the state that incomes there in other areas are lower and they believed that with the help of these fake riots. yes, they will be able to change the internal situation, that is, but politically green , uh, hamsters, uh, located in a greenhouse. uh, this is the main problem, so our task is to enter the industry, patriotic forces, civil society , trade unions were present. eh, good. i hope that it people are now thinking about protecting the rights of the workers, first of all, themselves, at least then, i think. after reaching such prospects, we will be able to say that the it industry will be more patriotic. high tech, very strong have entered our life and the sphere continues

to develop what next steps are being prepared for what can some breakthrough discoveries be? we are waiting now. you know what to prepare for in the industrial sector , we all will not go into virtual reality, though there is nothing fundamentally new, except for augmented reality. i am personally anti -virtual reality. in my opinion. it will simply spoil the psyche of people augmented reality. it can help us in what we can supplement our interaction, but with this segment of information, that is the engineer can see not only with his own eyes, but additional background information. i have this information on some specific issues. virtual reality creates a completely distorted picture. here we must e medium-term expect the introduction of artificial intelligence automation drones. e. low skilled and medium skilled workforce in this situation, we need to think today about the transformation of education to raise standards so that we