about our country will have either a museum or a museum exposition. this is actually the concept of a school museum in order for all the guys who are students. they knew the history and their countries the history of their native land, moreover, we believe that the involvement of students. as tour guides. this is a very good element. e educational work is a separate room. in the new museum of the fifty-second moscow school in memory of the heroes of the winners of the soviet soldiers here. almost a minute of silence, we launched a new project, a story in a suitcase that is enough schools across the country will digitize documents and photographs from the biographies of students and teachers in order to present them in free access on the internet portal. and this is the last news of this minute. see you at 19:00. little things what takes your breath away? some

but together they are one. together they are harmony looking at them you feel aesthetic pleasure. do you feel that belarus is closer? they were discovered quite by accident a little

more than 35 years later, the author of this sensational discovery was the first among physicists to receive the nobel prize. since then the surname this scientist has become a household word that his wife said when she first saw her hand through, illuminated by x-rays, they must be told along with their discovery today in the new company. we will also tell you about it. and we will also understand globally in such an interesting topic as x-rays. my name is ekaterina berskaya. hello, and look at the program. color in the midst of darkness, as wilhelm x-ray discovered his famous rays fluorography mri and ct what is the difference between the most informative studies of the human body x-rays for music recording and shoe production, as their case was used at different times in different countries, we will tell very soon. all accidents are not accidental, if the physicist wilgel on x-ray on november 8

, 1895, left work 2 hours earlier, perhaps the world would not have learned about the greatest discovery in more detail in the material of my colleagues. on november 8, 1895, the physicist wilhelm x-ray, as always, worked in his laboratory until late, when he was about to leave it was dark and turned off all the instruments and the light noticed that a jar with a transparent liquid. in one of the corners of the laboratory , a little green light began to glow, after thinking the x-ray noticed that in a hurry one device did not turn off the vacuum tube. after turning it off, the glow disappeared and the scientists began to study their accidental discovery. the fact was that the jar of liquid was at the other end of the room. this means that the vacuum tube emitted a special beam to test its properties. the physicist began to put various objects in his path, a sheet of paper, cardboard, glass, and even wooden boards. through all these the beam passed without the slightest difficulty

in the process, his hand also fell into the area of ​​​​the beam, what the scientists saw shocked him, he saw through his hand, and only the bones remained not transparent after a few days. burnt research, he made the world's first x-ray, photographing their random hand of his wife berta, followed by a lot of various experiments, the essence of which he revealed his scientific work, which gained great popularity in the physical and medical scientific community. this discovery made the real furor and new rays were called x-rays in honor of their discoverer for his work in 1901 x-rays. received the nobel prize in the field. physician rays. in our time, we will find out from our first guest, he is already in nikita's studio hello nikita stepanyuk, employee of the research laboratory of ion-plasma modification of solids

, faculty of physics, belarusian state university tell us more about radiation in general. where do x-rays come from? and what are they what are x- rays anyway? eh, they're not really that different . for example, ordinary visible light or from infrared radiation and so on. the only difference is the frequency of this own radiation and , accordingly, the wavelength and energy that does not carry, respectively, x-rays. they are the highest frequency after the known gamma radiation and at the same time less high frequency than the known ultraviolet radiation from higher energy levels. set low any electron emits an electromagnetic wave with one of the largest energy differences, it is x-ray radiation that is formed. it has rather low long waves, and because of this it is capable. in general, to

penetrate most of the materials known to us and thus help us in research and obtaining information medicine - this is the area where? well, i think everyone knows that x-rays are used. i suggest you look into it right now. what is the difference between the well-known mri and fluorography? no one type of diagnosis after a laboratory blood test and ultrasound examination of organs are not used as often as follow-up x-rays. currently , various methods of x-ray examination are used - this means x-ray fluoroscopy - this is digital radiography, as one of the research methods. where fluorography also belongs, currently fluorographic, all devices are digital x-ray devices that allow you to receive a digital

image, e, transmitted to a computer, and e, by means of obtaining such an image, the doctor can evaluate and describe or genealogical picture. in the minsk center in physio-pulmonology, and it is here that patients with lung diseases are treated, who are diagnosed using x-rays, they note that now classic devices using x-ray film are beginning to become obsolete, they are gradually being replaced by digital x-ray machines, devices that generate ionizing radiation. on a digital x-ray machine, performing an examination on it, the patient receives the minimum dose of radiation load, which is only 5 hundredths of a milliart in conventional radiography. the radiation load for the patient is 0.18 vert when performing a fluorographic study of 0.15. milita. there are also

specialized x-ray machines for special examinations, such as a mammograph for examining the mammary glands of women, an x-ray machine. there is a device devices. these are orthopantomographs that are used for hmm means panoramic pictures of a person's teeth. it is very convenient to perform so that the doctor can immediately evaluate everything, and the teeth that are in the patient. there are also computed tomographs, these are already devices that allow you to get layer-by-layer sections of the anatomical structures of the body, accurate detailing of the pathology, especially this type of research proved to be 100%, as doctors say, during a pandemic, quid, when simple pictures of pneumonia did not show. that is why in last year. many state clinics were equipped with ct

scanners, which we can generally see during x-ray studies. e, in particularly the lungs are tumors. these are infectious diseases, inflammatory diseases, including tuberculosis and pleurisy. eh, these are diseases. in general , organs, both lungs and pleura inside the thoracic lymph nodes of the mediastinum, that is, all this helps to reveal chest x-ray. well, i no longer take about that. the best method for diagnosing the pathology of the musculoskeletal system is also x-ray studies, fractures , dislocations, the same tumors of bone tissues. everything, it is revealed first of all accepted in biological research, of course, the most popular x-ray study is

fluorography, despite the fact that its cost is low. but the accuracy of the study at a good level allows you to see the disease in the initial stages. and this is an excellent lung cancer screening in our country for the first time , fluorography is done at the age of 17, and then up to 40 years every 3 years and after forty-one times two years, especially doctors warn those who cannot refuse to ignore the passage of this study. from such a bad habit as smoking i would like to recall that very many lung diseases. in particular. these are malignant tumors. they are caused by smoking, especially in long-term smokers according to statistics. after giving up tobacco smoking , the lungs are restored and cleared within 9 years, that is, after the expiration. here are 9

years, if there were no serious diseases there already, uh, caused by the consumption of tobacco, otherwise you can count on that and for a future life with healthy lungs. how are these fakes created? and by whom? why on them don't react without serious evidence. do you agree that you want to speak unproven, let's talk, but the facts on the table are important to understand that if we do not see something, this does not mean that it does not exist. what is a new value, and why they are being imposed on us by a strong enemy is not beneficial, thinking the same or this is different , we will collect evidence, consider different versions and show a contradiction in the project - this is different. watch in new releases on

belarus 24 tv channel. watch high stakes on the main air big races for the future and projects of the future for these purposes will allocate 270 billion dollars to contribute to the work for the result, and the business is ready to wear its current trends in line with the development trends of the entire economy restructuring the world is in full swing is not easy to sustain. how to do this at minimal cost in a complex balance of interests, the one who sees the risks and sees his goals of those who work for the development of the region, and not water to politicians who are ready to sacrifice the progress and well-being of millions, will win. on the mainstream. consider the global trends that affect our lives, see belarus 24 tv channel.

but even in medicine, the use of x-rays. that's probably fluorography ct and mri is not limited. or maybe you can tell us somewhere else and in general, in what other areas x-rays are used today in exactly the same way as in medicine, for example, with vlad’s ability to evaluate film through the light of an object. it is also used for x-ray flaw detection. that is, when instead of fabric man, we study in the same way, for example, pipes or some other solid objects. that is, we see what defects there are, there are no difficulties at all and we can draw a conclusion about the applicability of this object to the application. you can also use x-rays, if we talk about the direct

method, then in x-ray diffractometry, for example, the wavelength of x- rays is such that it allows degradation. on crystals and so we can e by scanning the sample. e to understand what type of grating and with well what sizes in this, but the sample is located directly tell about the elemental composition we certainly can not, however, using a different method. such as, for example, x-ray microanalysis. there it is used, in general, indirectly. the fact is that the excitation of atoms occurs due to electron beams, as in an electron microscope, but then these excited electrons. in atoms, they begin to return to lower energy levels in the same way and emit x-ray characteristic for each atom, the differences in these levels and, accordingly, the frequency of radiation is known, and therefore, by mutual intensity, it is possible to restore how many of which atom is in a given sweden. in general, uh, x-ray radiation is being investigated now and what main

areas of this research will be expanded by the range of methods according to the execution plan and their implementation right there for example can be extended, for example, to use in medicine directly for the treatment of disease. they are only for diagnosis , new sources can be found where it said radiation, or already known are used more actively in some way. uh, how, for example, is there an indirect appearance from, for example, the same gamma radiation with a loss of energy, when it becomes x-ray, in principle, there is still something to work on for something global, probably, it is hardly worth expecting, nikit thank you very much . really. it’s interesting, but we have the time of scientific digestion, the most interesting facts of x-ray radiation, from all over the planet right now at the beginning of the 20th century in the usa, one enterprising shoe atelier engaged in tailoring shoes to order, offered all customers to take an x-ray of their feet in order to make them perfect, fitting

shoes, this practice did not last long , as radiation was found to be in such quantities. it carries health, irreparable harm in the ussr, forbidden music was recorded on x-rays, such handicraft records were called, ribs, dances, on bones, music lovers received a thin record with one song lasting no more than 3.5 minutes. and these records sold very quickly. thanks to them, the soviet youth, at least had an idea about other music, the most ordinary sticky tape, if unwound it becomes a source of x-rays, scientists explain this phenomenon by the effect of three in luminescence. this phenomenon is due to the separation of charges. after all, asymmetric bonds in the crystal are destroyed, and the appearance of light occurs due to the re-connection of the same charges and we continue to talk about x-ray radiation. watch in the next few

minutes. x-rays, paintings by artists of the world level, as their case is used in art. what does malevich’s black square of the banner hide and why do law enforcement officers use x-rays in their work, we will find out in a few minutes? a project in which belarusian athletes win not by force, but by intelligence. well, are the athletes ready? these are the only club that represents belarus in the russian youth hockey league . how many tries are given performance of one vault, women's

artistic gymnastics at the championships, mirage sports equipment. for which sport is shown in the photo, this is all true, watch the intellectually entertaining show heading on belarus 24 tv channel. fashion for ecological culture and we also do not forget about the classics. we instill a sense of beauty and get aesthetic pleasure. watch every week in the fashion culture project.

if the use of x-rays in medicine, surely know about the use of this radiation in art are known. few gaps in knowledge will be filled today with an expert. yury fedorovich moiseev head of the laboratory of physical and chemical research of the department of scientific and restoration workshops of the national art museum of belarus why and why is x-ray radiation used in art? how does it help x-rays? it gives the opportunity to see the restorers. here we have a department called the revolutionary department. and we treat it before the work went on restoration. we do under commit by

red ultraviolet. and the x-ray, as the main indicator, combines all of these in one place and gives restaurateurs ass pictures of such a degree, there is something down there, something is not there, because, for example, they divided it, which we restored what we did with them. the changes are shown there. that is, they historically changed some points, for example, i discovered that there was armor. no, it is smeared, his hand just lies. and here his hand is already pointing at the armor, purely technically, that is, at first the artist wrote that here is a hand and armor, and then covered it up. yes, he changed his mind, changing eras, that is, the historical one was no longer relevant. they've moved it to a different topic. every artist. there is your handwriting, for example, here is an image of khrutsky. the fact is that he is in red light, for example, and

we see x-rays, he worked first with a pencil, and then he made an image. here you need infrared money that traces how he changed. the fact is that many works even began to draw in such and such a profile, in such and such something he does not liked. and we see on the x-ray that two faces are one somewhere in the direction of the other. here, how the latter already directly hits the face exactly so in the picture it also helps to find some sewing. for example, we had zhukovsky for examination, he took the work, an old canvas, a work was painted on an old canvas . with that work to such subtlety, every petal, real in the paintings of the russian, coincides with this, but the fact is that the regen, apparently, is a torn canvas. she does not see the picture, because therefore

pornhustu artist, later applied the entire work. and so it was determined that he could not repeat it. it was easy to turn on every petal, every detail, first of all , somewhere by exile. he knew how to draw, so there was no need to deal with such subtleties. here, therefore, exactly a copy, they started talking about what they see through with x-rays. you see everything and several layers. is it true that the mona lisa also has several layers in the picture, and at the very first she did not smile, some sources. they say that this, too, became known thanks to x-rays. no, in the fifteenth year, since uh-huh. he just applied such a technique, he set up a regular camera and a very bright light and the shooting went on in a few clicks. well, that is, the image is constantly light turned out so that it

broke through, bottom down. that is, there are several layers, that is, the artist is already conveying more than one layer . and so he struck from what was inside. he looked at the image, but it seems like the second image is no longer smiling. but the fact is that the art historians themselves and many are involved. they say, it's just that he's the work of an artist. watched him change, artist changed the image with the mona lisa sorted out. let's talk about malevich's black square, because also in some sources malevich's black square appears next to the theme of x-ray radiation, they settled on what is still below, if the image is different at all. here i am, well, very colored colored much more than just hits. that is, it is called, it means that i simply do not believe it to be decided that way. that is, at first malevich painted something brightly colored, then

something went wrong and changed his mind. well, these are artists, too, they have a mood. one work is responsible for another, such as portraits. he is very different from each other. it was he who signed. and now he managed to eat portraits, so one portrait is a very strong part of another, but we go anyway. sometimes a russian portrait five years ago for the summer. a little more, too, there was a strike lying so wounded. hall image is still restored something crunch, turned out from a technical point of view. that's how long this process is in general, here is the translucence of the picture in order to understand what is there in the very bottom. well, if we talk about ours, then what can we say? at first, we also worked. it's just that an x-ray device is placed on a work of art and

the case is translucent from below, that is, now it's digital. that is, there is no need. now the definition, firstly, concerns harm, that is, it only hangs. he is in that state. and as a photograph does, like this, we will now make a work. it 's much faster. this time. secondly, if we have a large product, also the dimensions are all limited, where it is on the squares of the product large and then i just fold it in the computer and it turns out a natural large image, good and with a good printing job. we have an almost native future. here, and here, in my opinion, yes, the last passport is a completely different picture here. the artist we have e popov abstraction is called x-ray. here, in fact. here these came another image. wow. and we were very

good. wow, i could very well find historically all things and one third. who is this woman. this is different, everything is already written off, i return to our directly topic of the program of x-ray radiation alternative. here in the research in the art of x-ray radiation appeared or still one of the most reliable in the first place. already installed at least 1.000 times more. let the radiation, it does not work. eh, there is no work. we can see everything, for example, should a work that is duplicated on another canvas, for example, because the mixing of that canvas was very bad. we see through the x-ray, that move is real dear and we see a lot of things there. i speak vision in the picture. so i can even say

that we have a problem with icons, for example, well, what do we turn on? the fact is that they are very poorly preserved. here is the painting, it is better, but the icons have a lot of losses, some clouding, everything and many are not good such restorers, they corrected it all. now when you shine through some things and see, a native image. this is a masterpiece, compared to what one smeared there would say, because our restorers, for example, they are very good. thank you very much, indeed. very interesting. we do not say goodbye our correspondent and decided to find out what issues with the help of x-rays solve the rights to protect. everything you wanted to know about everyday life and to be an

illumined minister. you need to consciously make his decision and understand that you will need to follow certain rules. it happened in our family about the participation of parishioners in divine services because we have such a church near our message. and that we have such a rector in the temple, for 31 years now, with the faith of truth, to serve god for the healing of the soul and body the word of god makes every family of people who live and give a state of joy of rest and constantly, and the role of a clergyman in the life of a believer. write, i like to do everything myself. i try to make the board myself. if there is an

opportunity for me to ground it myself and i need gold, then, if we don’t do all this, then it takes me about two weeks to make an icon somewhere and show it in spiritual and educational projects on belarus 24 tv channel. you can do a lot in an hour 7 days. more in our project. you will learn about key dates and events in the country and the world, which took place in a week in just 20 minutes, there will be time for some of the entertainment - exciting movie projects. everything, this and much more in the weekly

project aired 24/7, watch on our tv channel every friday evening. the satellite device has a special console on which the received images are displayed and recorded. it is very easy to use. this is how it turns on. this is our mobile table. it is very mobile in the horizontal plane, allowing us to move perpendicular directions to in order to localize the area we need in this way, forensic doctors move the device under the required area and get the desired image, then we put on protection, after all, radiation.