the ancestors of human australopithecus neanderthals lived only 20 years, after millennia , life expectancy increased by only 3 years and only during the paleolithic period. it approached 30. moreover, men lived longer and died at the age of 33; women, on average, 28. in the archaeological data of the middle ages , not far from the stone age, it took most

people not to live to forty. today at 30 years old. many are just beginning to realize what they want to do and with whom to build a family, now women live longer, the average life expectancy in the world according to input is 72 years old. in many ways. this became possible thanks to the development of science. and, of course, medicine, in which there is a whole not too well-known section called gerontology and giryat, and it is in it that we will understand today. my name is ekaterina biretskaya. hello. you are watching a science mania project in the next half an hour do not miss it. medical research to medical wards, what is the fundamental difference between gerontology and geriatrics, if not stopped, then at least slow down, is it real, if we are talking about the aging process, and why in 50% cases of the elderly are misdiagnosed, we will find out very soon. so gerontology and

geriatrics are consonant, but different concepts, and i propose to understand the terminology right now. with the development of the science of medicine, the average life of a person has noticeably increased, the accumulated knowledge, scientists have combined into the science of gerontology, which comprehensively studies old age, today it identifies several areas. gerontology biological doctors follow the features of the life processes of the elderly medical direction studies pathologies and diseases characteristic only for older people, psychological, studying changes in the psyche with age. the sociological raises questions about the position of older people in society and the attitude of society itself to the elderly, as well as a special economic segment. gerontology geriatrics is a science that studies methods for diagnosing, treating and preventing diseases of the elderly, happy that

it has a future, of course. everyone would like the future to be as healthy and comfortable as possible, and this depends on the multitude. we will continue the topic of factors with the chief freelance gerontologist of the ministry of health of the country lyudmila zhilevich lyudmila averkina. hello. lyudmila averkievna zhulevich candidate of medical sciences chief freelance gerontologist of the ministry of health of belarus head of the republican gerontological center for active longevity chairman of the belarusian public association of geriatricians and gerontologists fuze of the third age, when this age begins. let's understand a little bit of your professional terminology when we we are talking about the third age, then if the world organization says this, it considers this age to be 60 years. if we talk about the republic of belarus, we accept the age of the elderly as 65 years. how many of them do we have in belarus, who are more men or women, and

what percentage of them, uh, if it is possible, of course, to name, uh, figures, at least approximate ones, yes, they need medical help. this is how the aging process works. this is what, the involution of the body is happening, so almost every elderly person has some kind of chronic disease on average, if to say that the marks are 60+ from 4 to 7 diseases, the complexes that they have these diseases may not always affect the function and the second part of people who do not have diseases. they affect their dependence, for example, outside help, which requires care so. now, if about people 65 + we have somewhere around one and a half million such people, but it must be noted with bitterness that we have a difference in life expectancy between men and women is 10 years, therefore, at this mark 65 + we have three men times less. why is this due to many reasons indicate and the social factor. yes, such an unrealized male, when they can hardly

endure, firstly, the rejection of a generally healthy lifestyle in a certain period of life. that is, yes, with that very main loss. here we have men from 45 to 60 years old. then they still remember that yes, you really need to take care of your health. and if next to them is such a persistent strong woman, which she will lay this support for the likelihood of him living to longevity. and, of course, we have such a good trend. we are increasing all the time the number of people over the age of 100 . there are also more than 400 of them in the republic of belarus. and i must say that the largest number of these centenarians is, say, the vitebsk region. if we talk about how many of them need medical care in one way or another , all of them, if we talk about those who, according to their functionality, are already dependent on outside help, that is, they require care, then if in a group of lonely people, there are about

20% of them . that is, this is a fairly high figure , so the percentage, if in the general population is we have 15.4% of elderly people. i don’t know to whom this figure will seem like 15.4, it’s so small, but if we are talking about statistics, then from seven percent it is considered that the nation began to age, for example, in the thirtieth year this figure is expected to be up to 20%. some people say it's a problem. no, it's not a problem. it means we're living longer, and that's a good thing. it's just a question of what quality of life we ​​live longer, yes, and how many are born. youth, so that we can safely retire, and we have replaced young cadres who will support us economically. i propose right now to find out when you need to start taking care of yourself so that old age is a joy. let's watch the plot. to learn how to live qualitatively to receive

pleasure from every day and to minimize the unpleasant sensations from diseases. this is what they teach at the republican gerontological longevity center. patients from all over the republic come to us, mainly two age groups of such patients, which are from 60 to 75 years old and after 75 years there are centenarians 90 years, er with a set of chronic diseases, when not one or two diseases, but several comorbid diseases, that is, both cardiovascular and respiratory gastrointestinal attack. and in principle, the main problem of elderly patients. this is a musculoskeletal order. yes, they can hardly move and take care of themselves. one of the main tasks of the center is a complete examination and correct diagnosis. in addition, we also receive patients from different parts of our republic, so to speak

. possibly all examinations limited, probably, and that's why they come so that we can examine something somewhere, clarify their diseases. the diagnoses said how to be treated and what to take to consult, that is, we have such a diagnostic base. and after the main thing begins, patients are taught how to live as productively as possible with chronic diseases of which, as a rule, more than three elderly people are explained how to behave in emergency situations, for example, during a hypertensive crisis, until a doctor arrives for the most productive training on the basis the center has a school of active longevity. school of active longevity is an office in which there is a school in which a nurse works permanently. she conducts testing of patients according to the programs that we have conducted at this school, both intensive care personnel, that

is, nurses, and doctors. that is, we have a program of plans for conducting classes with each patient on certain topics. and, uh, given that we still have new ones arriving every 2 weeks. it's changing and the programs are somewhere repeated to teach patients how to behave in everyday life. but the best results can only be obtained by modifying the lifestyle by adding daily physical education, long walks in the fresh air, proper nutrition, drinking regimen in the center, doctors treat comprehensively, in addition to specialized specialists, a psychologist also works with patients. the average stay in the center is 2 weeks, and you can get here by getting a referral to the clinic at your place of residence, if there is evidence for that. is it true that older people are even twice as likely to write hmm in some sources

to leave an incorrect diagnosis, how it is and what it can be connected with here. probably, the incorrect ideal case may not be entirely correct, because an elderly person. he is such a person, you know, who subjectively feels his own, for example, aging. yes. here in such an emotional sphere, that is, from it. here is the grain to pull out the rational. yes, his problems are quite difficult, therefore, of course, from a low start it is not always possible to do this. but uh, thanks. now the diagnosis is very serious, which allows the doctor to reinforce his knowledge. still. we are on the right track, so here the question is how badly a person needs, for example, medical care now. this is a very important company. here we define this unequivocally, that is, it is necessary, for example, surgery is necessary from therapy and to what extent this medicine is needed. the component is needed. secondly, the diagnoses of an elderly person they can, for example, here is a person complaining of weakness. imagine it

perhaps his only plaintive, but in old age. it may be related to depression because he is lonely . he feels penniless. and this is expressed through such a somatic. yes, sometimes even pain behind the sternum, which is related. that's it with his emotions. also, for example, this weakness may be due to the fact that he may have an infection, unlike young people. they don't react quickly and temperatures, and the only complaints will be weak, so imagine in what condition there is a medical worker when he has an elderly patient with a single complaint, and the root of this complaint may lie there in 15 diseases that i have , so, of course, he tries to hospitalize older people and find out the cause of one or another symptoms that you really had a correct diagnosis. yes , a serious problem, how acute it is, in a nutshell. alzheimer and dementia, and do the elderly themselves and their relatives understand that this is a disease? is there a huge

problem here? why because uh elderly human? does he begin to quietly hide his features? yes, with us he hides the fact that he forgets the keys. yes, but he tries, for example, to determine the place that he clearly knows that i put the keys there, that is, he puts some markers for himself there, because he understands his memory problems. this is what they always see next of kin. they may live separately for various reasons, but they will, for example, notice that the human psychology is changing. and here we have to start. as they say look closely. secondly, greatly provoked the development of these cognitive changes and progression will let the so-called. that is, it was such a trigger for the progression of dementia , you are a decrease in the physical load of the psychological factor that constantly crushed them plus. naturally. people isolated themselves, and relatives, for example, they did not always communicate, that is, the person remained alone, and an elderly person, if he speaks little, communicates little, his mental

sphere also immediately begins to progress, but there is the difference is alzheimer's, there is, as the so -called dementia, that is, dementia is most often of a vascular nature. and if we lead a healthy lifestyle, if we take care of ourselves, our blood vessels, our cholesterol, these are other indicators of health, then this dementia can stay on this plateau for a very long time. that is, what does it mean that a person serves himself, we stay at home himself, what is called we do not require the participation of additional such and alzheimer's, when he is independent of what we do, he progresses there the mechanism of pathogenesis is not vascular, there. uh, the loss of certain, uh, pathological proteins, and we cannot stop this, unfortunately, there is no medicine in the whole world today, but relatives should understand how this is step by step what to prepare for? how to react and how to help this person in a difficult moment, when he is already

becoming absolutely helpless. that is, there are a lot of problems here, but the topic is cognitive problems. she has now become at the very forefront, what other diagnoses can older people face in our country, and how are things abroad, i’m sure, that you follow the international trends of our slavic former countries of the post-soviet region, the main problem that leads to the incidence of their mortality. these are diseases of the circulatory system, which are associated with the process of atherosclerosis of the vessels and hmm, this is associated with nutrition. it is related to physical activity. and it has to do with being overweight. and this, of course, is a problem, for example, in italy - this problem worries less. in japan, too, which is probably why you hear such a concept. mediterranean diet yes, that's what they all say, but i always say that we cannot follow the mediterranean diet, but we can

observe the ratio of plant food and animal food and animal food - it should be e in cutlets, but in its natural form, but if talk about these countries, which have less, for example, these problems are of concern. uh, there is still an emphasis on fresh air, physical activity and the perception of life. you know, there is a very important factor in aging. i always say if the patient decides to grow old it is inevitable. but if he will try to resist it all the same, that is, everything lies. eh, this is how we have activity in the core of the highest idea, for example, in the same italy, eh, they gather, they communicate with each other. they are singing. they, that is, it is a habit. this is how to communicate. it probably also has a positive effect. that's why we always say don't shut up. and to think positively, one should not think about old age, but think about tomorrow. that's when you'll be making an excellent recommendation. thank you

so much for taking the time i'm sure this conversation will definitely be useful to many. and we do not say goodbye, see the final part of the program. without accidents. how to equip a house in which an elderly person lives, when it’s not worth pulling symptoms that urgently need to see a doctor, which are simple and self-evident things for the young, then for the elderly. this is sometimes a problem, people in old age often have difficulty moving from one room to another about how to make their life and life in general easier, right now, we will talk with a geriatrician vadim eduardovich hello vadim eduardovich

sushinsky ph.d. elderly people, uh, very often, many serious calls are attributed to age, but they say, i'm getting old, it should be so, but let's that's what should still alert either the elderly themselves patients, or their relatives in the behavior of a change, probably a way of life, that you definitely need to see a doctor, perhaps the most striking and syndrome that receives a lot of attention. this is senile cold with age. still, there are certain changes that do not concern a wide variety of organs and systems, but speaking of geriatric syndromes, there are a lot of them and, for example, i would like to recall today, and one of such important syndromes is the fall syndrome and this is a classic geriatric syndrome, which is absolutely accurate . develops much more frequently in persons of older age groups and the causes of these

falls for the elderly, they are very multifaceted multifactorial. uh, each of which is important and very important many now we can influence and thus help our elderly people. let's talk about the reasons then, yes, that's the fall, but really the elderly someone says, i was led, i was dizzy. what is this? again , it's the head. it's something going on with the skeleton. tell me when we talk about falls. this is a very different disease. it can also be a disease of the muscular system. this can damage the skeletal system. this is the nervous system, both central and peripheral. this is a cardiovascular disease and many many others. each of these diseases through complex mechanisms. it can lead to the fact that in older people a fall is observed more often than an elderly person is often observed in the device of vision. they are the most diverse . a man walks through the city and meets with

the elections of a banal election in the asphalt. he may simply not notice it. and as a result get. here is the fall he fell. but he has biological problem he has age-related osteoporosis his bones are already brittle. and this fall, it can even have a tragic character, because if we take world statistics again, then it is older than, uh, 85 years. this is 5% of the causes of death related to falling directly from what did not fall. sorry crashed no, this is a fall and a whole cascade in subsequent events that will lead to the fact that this fall in a person will be fatal. let's talk about other factors. and let's talk about the responsibility of the elderly of a person, because when we talk about aging, but we must understand that aging is a process for which a person must be ready, a certain e is required of him, changes in his behavior, and so on. well , for example, while simple things are overly long skirts or members of long trousers do not fit,

of course, the most attention is paid to shoes. must have a hard back unacceptably shoes with an absolutely flat surface. it should be moderately soft, but at the same time, give a certain elasticity, because these are the two extremes. they also contribute to the fall, and again, speaking about the problems of falls, we are talking about what we can do a lot to ensure that these falls are observed less often. the most important point is , after all, training the stability of the muscular apparatus. this is probably the key, and we are talking about the fact that an elderly person does not care. what age should be at least 150 minutes 2.5 hours of physical activity per week. this allows you to keep a certain tone, it would be nice if you find a like-minded person who i am ready to support you and performed these

loads, in case of someone nearby it is very important that this is a whole series of exercises for the foot. it's like an exercise that is done barefoot is like an exercise that touches the toes, that is , up to standing on one leg or, uh, resting on the toes. this will lead to the fact that, if necessary, a person has to quickly rebuild and again, uh, so that in the end the exercise does not fall. it would be nice to do it first where there is support. well, the simplest options are it’s just to hold a chair in front of you as a support and continue to perform these exercises. of course, depending on the patient’s condition, the complexes can become more complicated. and this is a very important point, since a person already has a number of diseases, various diseases, an unbalanced state of these, er, diseases. it can act as fall factors, which i'm talking about. well , for example, the frequent state of arterial

hypertension is dangerous episodes of hypotension and especially a sharp decrease in blood pressure. here's the pa factor. separately we we must say that for the elderly, orthostatic hypotension is just characteristic, that is, a person, being in a prone position, goes into a vertical state, and the body is like a living organism. diabetes mellitus does not always have time to adapt in the same way. uh, older people. uh, it's quite uh, often a disease, but hypoglycemic episodes of low blood glucose . here is the danger of falling. here we are talking about the central nervous system on the one hand. this is parkinsonism, it is difficult for a person to control the body. and what happens? he just stumbles, you know, and again here's to you, and the reason for the fall, well, or on the other hand. dizziness dizziness is a complex problem and we can also say that dizziness is a geriatric syndrome, because the cause

of immersion can be different factors, but in this situation, dizziness and what you said. uh, from the lips of our older people led failed. here it is a fall, which, as we said, can have dangerous consequences in everyday life. here is what you would advise the most elderly person and his relatives a person should be. well, let's say it is wide enough and free to pass through the rooms, because if a narrow opening is inserted through a living person for passage. like a day he needs to turn around. here is a separate factor for you to fall in the same way there are tables somewhere, chairs somewhere, stools somewhere. and all this is superfluous separately mats, they are often slippery and a person falls right from under the foot, and so on, it is recommended that there be slotted mats. they are special, which are laid on the surface. the same bathroom. they allow a person not to slide in the same way the

problem of thresholds, if you need to make repairs, you must avoid high thresholds in every possible way, and if there are still in the house, but it seemed, despite the fact that you seemed to be used to them, they should be marked most often by bright yellow stripes in order for a person to yes absolutely true in order for a person to simply not fall separately talking about wires. after all, even the smallest postings. oh, which it would seem that we did not even stumble, but it reflexively causes a number of human reactions. uh, yes, yes, the person loses coordination and again cascade consequences with the final fall is a separate conversation, of course, osancule. unfortunately, the node itself is the room where most people get hurt. firstly, for an elderly shower for the elderly, and ideally a shower that is at the surface level at the floor level, that is, without these special thresholds and so on, it is fundamentally important that this person has handrails. this

also applies to the toilet. this also applies to the shower. the division of the cabin compartment, that is, so that a person can adhere to the moment, low light is a very important factor in falling. that if we are talking about an elderly person, he should have some opportunity nearby. just turn on the light often, it happens. well, as we say in the darkness, it seems that you can figure it out, it seems that something is visible. quite right. yes, so, here, this is an unacceptable option for the elderly, when we talk about the problem of falling, everything that we talked about is an absolutely simple and affordable solution. ah, international statistics. he says that only 10% of living people realize these factors. that is, it seems to me that this conversation is really important and necessary. and thank you very much for taking the time to come to us and tell us about seemingly elementary things. but these are things that save, in essence, lives. thank you very much.

and i am ekaterina berskaya. take care of your health and the health of your loved ones.

lord, lord, have mercy on

your flesh, for the sake of god

, the king, and on your lord, the lord of christ is risen