the ancestors of human australopithecus neanderthals lived only 20 years, after millennia , life expectancy increased by only 3 years and only during the paleolithic period. it approached 30. moreover, men lived longer , women died at the age of 33 on average 28. in the archaeological data of the middle ages , not far from the stone age, it took most people not to live to forty. today at 30 years old. many are just beginning to realize what they want to do and with whom to build a family, now women live longer, the average life expectancy in the world according to input is 72 years old. in many ways. this became possible thanks to the development of science. and, of course, medicine, in which there is a whole not too well-known section called gerontology and geriatrics, it is in it that we will understand today. hello, my name is ekaterina. you are watching a science mania project in the next half an hour do not miss it. medical

research to medical wards, what is the fundamental difference between gerontology and geriatrics, if you do not stop, then at least slow down, is it real, if we are talking about the aging process, and why in 50% of cases the elderly are misdiagnosed, we will find out very soon. so gerontology and geriatrics are consonant, but different concepts, and i propose to understand the terminology right now. with the development of science and medicine, the average life of a person has noticeably increased, the accumulated knowledge, scientists have combined into a science of gerontology, which comprehensively studies old age, today it identifies several areas. gerontology biological doctors follow the features of the life processes of the elderly medical the direction studies pathologies and diseases characteristic only for the elderly, psychological, studying changes in the psyche with age. the sociological raises questions about the position of older people in society and

the attitude of society itself towards the elderly, as well as a special economic segment. gerontology geriatrics is a science that studies methods for diagnosing, treating and preventing diseases of the elderly. happy that she has a future, of course. everyone would like the future to be as healthy and comfortable, and it depends on many factors, we will continue it with the main out-of-staff gerontologist, the ministry of health of the country, lyudmila zhilevich hello lyudmila averkievna zhulevich, candidate of medical sciences, chief non-staff gerontologist of the ministry of health of belarus, head of the republican gerontological center for active longevity, chairman of the belarusian public association of geriatricians and gerontologists, when does

this one start? age, let's understand a little bit about your professional terminology when we we are talking about the third age, then if the world organization says this, it considers this age to be 60 years. if we talk about the republic of belarus, we accept the age of the elderly as 65 years. how many of them do we have in belarus, who are more men or women, and what percentage of them, uh, if it is possible, of course, to name, uh, figures, at least approximate ones, yes, they need medical help. this is how the aging process works. yes, the involution of the body occurs and therefore almost every elderly person has some kind of chronic disease on average, if to say this is a mark of 60+ from 4 to 7 diseases in the complex that they have these diseases may not always affect the function and the second part of people who do not have diseases. they affect their addiction, such as outside help, which requires care so. now, if it is worth talking about people 65 +, we have

somewhere around one and a half million such people, but it must be noted with bitterness that we have a difference in the life expectancy of men and women is 10 years, therefore, at this mark of 65 + we have men in three times less. why this is due to many reasons indicates and social factor. yes, that's such an unrealized male, when they can hardly endure. e, firstly, the rejection of a generally healthy lifestyle in a certain period of life. that is, yes, with that very main loss. here we have men from 45 to 60 years old. then they still remember that yes, you really need to take care of your health. and if next to them is such a persistent strong woman who she will lay this support, then he has a chance even to longevity. and, of course, we have such a good trend. we have all the time the number of people over the age of 100 is increasing. there are also more than 400 of them in the republic of belarus. and i must say that the largest

number of these centenarians is, say, the vitebsk region. if we talk about how many of them need medical care in one way or another, all of them, if we talk about those who, according to their functionality, are already dependent on outside help, that is, they require care, then if in a group of lonely people, there are about 20% of them . that is, this is a fairly high figure , so the percentage, if in the general population e we have 15.4% of elderly people. i don’t know to whom this figure will seem like 15.4, it’s so small, but if we are talking about statistics, then from seven percent it is considered that the nation began to age, for example, in the thirtieth year this figure is expected to be up to 20%. some people say this is the problem. no, it's not a problem. it means we're living longer, and that's a good thing. it's just a question of what quality of life we ​​live longer, yes, and how many are born. youth so that we can safely

retire, and we were replaced by young cadres, who will support us economically. i propose right now to find out when you need to start taking care of yourself so that old age is a joy. let's watch the plot. to learn how to live qualitatively, to receive pleasure from every day and to minimize the unpleasant sensations from diseases. this is what they teach at the republican gerontological longevity center. patients from all over the republic come to us, mainly two age groups of such patients, which are from 60 to 75 years old and after 75 years there are long-livers of 90 years. e with a set chronic diseases, when not one or two diseases, but several mosquito-like diseases, that is, both cardiovascular and respiratory gastrointestinal attacks. and in

principle, the main problem of older patients. this is a musculoskeletal order. yes, they can hardly move around to take care of themselves. one of the main tasks of the center is a complete examination and correct diagnosis. in addition, we also receive patients from different parts of our republic, so to speak. perhaps all examinations are limited, probably, and so they come to us somewhere to examine something, to clarify their diseases. the diagnoses said how to be treated and what to take to consult, that is, we have such a diagnostic base. and after the main thing begins, patients are taught how to live as productively as possible with chronic diseases of which, as a rule, more than three elderly people are explained how to behave in emergency situations, for example, in a hypertensive crisis, until a doctor arrives for the most productive training at the center ’s position active school

longevity. school of active longevity is an office in which there is a school in which a nurse works permanently. she conducts testing of patients according to the programs that we have conducted at this school, both intensive care personnel, that is, nurses, and doctors. that is, we have programs, plans for conducting classes with each patient on certain topics and given that we have a periodic once every two weeks. still new ones are coming. it changes and the program is repeated somewhere, to teach patients how to behave in everyday life. the best results can only be obtained by modifying the lifestyle by adding daily physical education, long walks in the fresh air, proper nutrition, drinking regimen in the center, doctors treat comprehensively, in addition to

specialized specialists, a psychologist also works with patients. the average stay in the center is 2 weeks, and you can get here by getting a referral to the clinic at your place of residence, if there is evidence for that. watch high stakes live big races for the future and projects of the future for these purposes will allocate 270 billion dollars to contribute to the work for the result , and the business is ready to wear its current trends in line with the development trends of the entire world economy. it is not easy to endure at full speed. how to do it with minimal cost in the conditions.

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us about people. immeasurably love. standing that robs and robs what the belarusians love for the project on our tv channel. is it true that older people are even twice as likely to write in some sources to leave an incorrect diagnosis, how it is and what it can be connected with here, probably the wrong diameter may not be quite correct. the fact is that an elderly person, he is such a person you know , which subjectively feels its own, for example, aging. yes. here in such an emotional sphere, that is, from it. here is the grain to pull out the rational. yeah his problems are hard enough so of course with

low start is not always possible to do this. but uh, thanks. now the diagnosis is very serious, which allows the doctor to reinforce his knowledge. still. we are on the right path, so here the question is how badly a person needs, for example, medical care now. this is a very important company. here we define this unequivocally, that is, it is necessary, for example, surgery is necessary, therapy is needed and to what extent this medical component is needed. secondly, the diagnoses of an elderly person can, for example, now complain of weakness. imagine it could be, one of his only mournful, but in old age. it may be related to depression because he is lonely. he feels penniless. and this is expressed through such a somatic. yes, sometimes even the pain of the sternum, which is connected. that's it with his emotions. also, for example, this weakness may be due to the fact that he may have a covid infection, unlike young people, they do not react quickly and temperature, and the only complaints will be

weak, so imagine the state of the medical worker when he has an elderly patient with one single complaint, and the root of this complaint may lie there in 15 diseases that the elderly have, so, of course, he tries the elderly people, still hospitalize and find out the cause of certain symptoms, so that there really is a correct diagnosis. yes , a serious problem, how acute is it in the words alzheimer and dementia and do older people themselves understand and relatives, what is the disease? is there a huge problem here? why because uh old man, he starts to quietly hide his features? yes, with us he hides the fact that he forgets the keys. yes, but he tries, for example, to determine the place that he clearly knows that i put the keys there, that is, he puts some markers for himself there, on which he understands he has memory problems. this is not always seen next of kin. they may live separately for various reasons, but they may, for example, notice that psychology is changing

person. and here we have to start. as they say look closely. secondly, it provoked the development of these cognitive changes and the progression of the sweet clover so-called. that is, it was such a trigger for the progression of dementia, you are a decrease in physical activity, a psychological factor that constantly put pressure on them plus. naturally, people isolated themselves, and relatives, for example. they did not always communicate, that is, the person was left alone, and an elderly person, if he is little, says little communicates, his mental sphere also immediately begins to progress, but there is a difference, there is alzheimer, there is, like the so -called dementia, that is, dementia is most often of a vascular nature. and if we lead a healthy lifestyle, if we take care of ourselves, our blood vessels, our cholesterol, these and other indicators of health, then this dementia can be on this board for a very long time. that is, which means that a person

serves himself, we he remains at home himself, what is called we do not require participation additional such and alzheimer's, when it is regardless of what we do, it progresses there mechanism of pathogenesis - it's not vascular, there. uh, the loss of certain, uh, pathological proteins, and we cannot stop this, unfortunately, there are no medicines in the whole world today, but relatives should understand. how does it gradually go to what to prepare for? how to react and how to help this person in a difficult moment, when he is already completely helpless, that is, there are a lot of problems here, but the topic of cognitive problems. she has now become from the very first point of view, what other diagnoses can be faced by older people in our country and how things are going abroad, i am sure that you are following the international trends in our slavic countries in the soviet region, the main problem

that leads to the incidence of their mortality. this is a painful circulatory system that is associated with the process of atherosclerosis of the vessels and hmm this is due to nutrition this is due to physical activity. and it has to do with being overweight. and this, of course, is a problem, for example, in italy it is a problem less worried. in japan, too, so you probably hear about it. the concept of a mediterranean diet yes, that's what they all say, but i always say that we cannot follow the mediterranean diet, but we can keep the ratio of plant food and animal food and animal food - it should be , uh, in them in cutlets in a natural form , but if we talk about these countries, which have less, for example, these problems are worrying. uh, there is still an emphasis on fresh air, physical activity and the perception of life. you you know, there is a very important factor in aging. i always say if the patient decides to

grow old it is inevitable. but if he tries to resist it all the same, that is, everything lies. eh, that's how it is in the kora of higher activity, for example, in the same italy, uh, they gather, they communicate with each other. they are singing. they, that is, it is a habit. this is how to communicate. it probably also has a positive effect. that's why we always say don't shut up. and to think positively , one should not think about old age, but think about tomorrow. that's when you won't bet, she's a great recommendation. thank you so much for taking the time to be sure that this conversation will definitely be useful to many. and we do not say goodbye, see the final part of the program. without accidents. how to equip a house in which an elderly person lives, when it is not worth pulling symptoms that urgently need to see a doctor? resourceful intellectuals once

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cultural heritage of unesco the world. watch the program of events on thursdays on our tv channel. that for young people are simple and self-evident things, then for the elderly it is sometimes a problem people in old age often have difficulty moving from one room to another about how to make their life easier and life in general, right now, we will talk with a geriatric doctor vadim eduardovich hello good afternoon ekaterina vadim eduardovich sushinsky candidate of medical sciences associate professor chief freelance specialist of the ministry of health of the republic of belarus in general medical practice head of the department of general medical practice of the belarusian state

medical university chairman belarusian society general practitioners. elderly people, uh, very often, many serious calls are attributed to age, but they say, i 'm getting old, it should be so, but let's that's what should still e alert either the elderly patients themselves, or their relatives in the behavior shift, probably lifestyle that you definitely need to see a doctor, perhaps the most striking and a syndrome that receives a lot of attention. this is a senile age family. still, there are certain changes that do not apply to a variety of organs and systems, but speaking of geriatric syndromes, there are a lot of them, and for example, i would like to recall today, and one of such important syndromes is the fall syndrome and this is a classic geriatric syndrome, which absolutely develops much more often in people of older age groups and causes of these falls for the elderly, they are very

multifaceted multifactorial. uh, each of which is important and very important many now we can influence and thus help our elderly people. let's oh then reasons, yes, that's the fall, but really the elderly someone says, i was led, i felt dizzy. what is this? again , it's the head. it's something going on with the skeleton. tell me when we talk about falls. this is a very different disease. it can also be a disease of the muscular system. this can damage the skeletal system. this is the nervous system, both central and peripheral. this is a cardiovascular disease and many many others. each of these diseases through complex mechanisms. it may lead to the elderly fall is more common than the elderly often observed in the device of vision. they are the most diverse . a man walks through the city and meets with an elective banal elective in the asphalt. he

may simply not notice it. and as a result get. here is the fall he fell. but he has a biological problem, he has age-related osteoporosis, his bones are already brittle. and this fall, it can even have a tragic character, because if we take world statistics again, then it is older than, uh, 85 years. that 5% of deaths are due to falls directly from the fact that they did not fall. sorry crashed no, this is a fall and a whole cascade in subsequent events that will lead to the fact that this fall in a person will be fatal. let's talk about other factors. and let's talk about the responsibility of the elderly person himself, because when we talk about aging, but you need to understand that aging is a process for which a person must be ready, a certain e, changes in his behavior are required from him, and so on. well , for example, and simple things are excessively long skirts or members long trousers are not suitable,

of course, the most attention is paid to shoes. blood must have a hard back unacceptably shoes with an absolutely flat surface. it should be moderately soft, but at the same time give a certain elasticity, because these are the two extremes. they also contribute to the fall, and again, speaking about the problems of falls, we are talking about the fact that we can do a lot to ensure that these falls are observed less often. the most important point is, after all, stability training. muscular apparatus. this is probably the key, and we are talking about the fact that an elderly person does not care. what age should be at least 150 minutes 2.5 hours of physical activity per week. this allows you to keep a certain tone, it would be nice if you find a like-minded person who is ready to support you and perform these loads. in the presence

of someone nearby, it is very important that this is a whole series of exercises for the foot. it's like an exercise that is performed barefoot is like an exercise that touches the toes, that is, up to standing on one foot or uh, make support on the toes. this will lead to the fact that, if necessary, a person has to quickly rebuild and again, uh, so that in the end the exercise does not fall. it would be nice to do it first where there is support. well , the simplest options are to simply hold a chair in front of you as a support and continue to perform these exercises. of course, depending on the patient's condition, the complexes can become more complicated. and this is a very important point, since a person already has a number of diseases, various diseases. no, a balanced state of these er, diseases. it can act as fall factors, which i'm talking about. well, for example , the frequent state of arterial hypertension is dangerous episodes of hypotension and especially a sharp

decrease in blood pressure. here's a factor for you. separately, we must say that for the elderly, orthostatic hypotension is just characteristic, that is, a person, being in a prone position, goes into a vertical state, and the body is like a living organism. diabetes mellitus does not always have time to adapt in the same way. uh, the elderly of people. uh, it's quite uh, often a disease, but hypoglycemic episodes of low blood glucose. here is the danger of falling. here we are talking about the central nervous system on the one hand, this partisanship is difficult for a person to control the body. and what happens? he just stumbles, you know, and again, here 's a reason for you to fall, or the other way around. whom environment dizziness is a complex problem and we can also say that dizziness is a geriatric syndrome, because the cause

of immersion can be different factors, but in given situation dizziness and what you said. yes, from the lips of our elderly people led failed. here it is a fall, which, as we said, can have dangerous consequences. here's what you advise the most elderly person and his relatives a person should be. well, let's say it is wide enough and free to pass through the rooms, because if a living person leaves a narrow opening for passage. where should he turn? here is a separate factor for you to fall in the same way there are tables somewhere, chairs somewhere, stools somewhere. and all these are extra separate mats, they are often slippery and a person falls right out from under the foot, and so on, it is recommended that there be rubberized mats. they are special, which are laid on the surface. the same bathroom. they allow a person not to slip in the same way as the problem of thresholds, if repairs are to be made

in every possible way to avoid high thresholds, and if there are nevertheless in the house, but it seemed, despite the fact that you seemed to be used to them, they should be designated most often bright yellow stripes in order for a person yes quite right for so that a person simply does not fall separately talking about wires. after all, even the smallest posting, about which it would seem that we did not even stumble, but it reflexively causes a number of human reactions. eh, yes, yes, yes, the person loses coordination and, again, the cascade of consequences with the final fall is a separate conversation. of course, himself is here. unfortunately, the node itself is the room where people get herbs most often. first for the elderly shower for the elderly and ideally a shower that is at surface level floor, that is, without these special thresholds and so on, it is fundamentally important that this person has handrails. this

also applies to the toilet. this also applies to the shower. the separation of the cabin compartment, that is, so that a person can adhere to the moment, low light is a very important factor in falling. that is, if we are talking about an elderly person, he should have some kind of opportunity nearby. just turn on the light often, it happens. well, as we say, in the dark, it seems that you can figure it out, it seems that something is visible. quite right. yes, here it is an unacceptable option for the elderly, when we talk about the problem of falls, everything that we talked about is an absolutely simple and affordable solution. a number of international statistics. he says that only 10% of living people realize these factors, comrade. it seems to me that this conversation is really important and necessary and thank you very much for finding the time and coming to us and telling us it would seem about elementary things, but these are things that save us