in 1901, he noted the augusts in the case of his patient, and after her death, he published the data, and a year later, doctors began to use the new term in medicine, alzheimer's disease, on the air of the project kamani. my name is ekaterina beletskaya hello, today we will study in detail a rather difficult problem to face, which everyone can watch in the program. genetics or lifestyle causes of dementia dementia alzheimer 's disease what is the difference and is it possible to stop the process of neuronal death? so far for a long time, scientists have been arguing about what causes alzheimer's disease, there are even four main versions, and my colleagues will just tell them now. so far science is reliable. unknown. why alzheimer 's disease occurs, however, there are four main and competing hypotheses. the first version appeared that the disease is provoked by a decrease in the synthesis of the

neurotransmitter acetylcholine. however, this hypothesis has now been refuted. since the use of drugs that correct acetylcholine deficiency have shown little effectiveness in in 1991, the omeloid hypothesis was proposed, according to which the main cause of the disease is the deposition of beta-meloid. a group of peptides in 2018, doctors noted that a decrease in beta amyloid plaques in brain tissues slows down cognitive decline . now this theory is the main following hypothesis, called tau, its supporters claim that the disease begins to develop when the threads of the tau protein combine with each other and form tangles inside the nerve cells as a result, and the newest hypothesis says, that alzheimer's disease may have an infectious origin. with a diagnosis , alzheimer's becomes twice as common, which is why at least be aware of this disease. everyone needs to continue the topic

together with the main freelance gerontologists. hello belarus lyudmila verkina. good afternoon lyudmila averkievna zhelevich candidate of medical sciences chief freelance gerontologist of the ministry of health of belarus heads of the republican gerontological center for active longevity chairman of the belarusian public association of geriatricians and gerontologists let me immediately understand the terminology of alzheimer's disease and dementia. very often people. let's say. so they say one implies the other, but still, perhaps, these things are a little different. they seem to be different, but, in principle, this also goes with zhenya, a generative process in the brain; it also occurs with alzheimer's disease. alzheimer's - this is always accompanied by dementia manifestations. yes, that is the same dementia. that is, it is like a symptom or a syndrome of some another disease of smoke. can also accompany, for example, brain tumors. it may accompany some

problems associated with the consequences of a traumatic brain injury. the son of a sulta, that is, the substrate for dementia. these are some manifestations of the cerebral cortex. it could be uh injury. this may be associated with degeneration, for example, the processes of some underlying diseases, most often these are vascular diseases. such as arterial hypertension diabetes mellitus. ischemic heart disease and atherosclerosis alzheimer's - this disease is most often hereditary and is a problem of transmission of nerve impulses in the cerebral cortex. the reasons for it are still completely unknown, part of the reasons - it is the deposition of such a specific tau protein for the care of the vascular bed and a gradual replacement occurs. these are the active zones of the brain and gradually these active zones are turned off and the person loses his intellect, thinking and motor activity. they

said that brain tumors can also lead to dementia. yes, and problems with vessels. that is, not always. this is an age story. yes, in fact, dementia is age-related, so, yes, this is when we logically assume that there is a problem with the value of atherosclerosis, yes, with malignant arterial hypertension of the disease and, of course, these processes. in a certain number of the elderly population, especially after 75 years, symptoms of dementia are most often manifested. but this is not yet dementia, this is a violation of cognitive functions, that is, a person. maybe a little. uh, so, as they say, he has problems with the perception of being memory thinking, but they are not catastrophic and very, very, very long and gradually go to a deep one. so to say, longevity, the situation is salt by a gamer, this process is inevitable and there is a gradual loss of certain functions and at the

final stage a person loses his intellect completely, and he is already, as they say, not with us, not with ours, yes, society, that is, this is a person, who has lost his intellect and motor activity, and, uh, k. unfortunately, this process may not occur against the background of some underlying diseases, but the reasons are exactly those deep, so to speak, processes in the brain itself. something chronic incurable disease in alzheimer's disease process. uh, well, let's just say memory loss, but it's definitely, yes, it can't be stopped, uh, but maybe somehow you can, well, slow it down, or something, or maybe early diagnosis, which, well, you just know, but in the modern world, but it’s like it’s already about forty, and sometimes you forget what happened yesterday, maybe this is the same thing and you need to see a doctor. i ask how the experts. in fact, this is, to be honest, a question, because people some people say. oh, i'm starting to

forget too. yes, i just forgot the keys there, who is there to turn off the gas. this is probably what i calm down. no, if it's gone by tomorrow, then everything is fine. if you control this process, then everything is fine. that is, it is such a functional time of their nature with dementia and alzheimer's disease - it's gradual, but every day the prementia is getting worse - it comes extreme. slowly, but smoking can also occur quickly, that is, in contrast to the lstheimer. here is alzheimer's, we see today forgot the keys. tomorrow he forgot to turn off the gas, and he forgets it every day, and he begins to adjust this person, but he does not have a critical assessment of all this. so he says, i forgot to turn off the gas, which means that when i go out at the front door, i will write a note to myself. look, then, if i turned off the gas, then, look, if i put the keys, there is a telephone and so on and so forth, then he controls adapts and a

fairly good quality of life arises for him. with alzheimer's, these functions drop out. he does not try to fight them, and every day this progress is growing even in this case. eh, it's very hard for him. it will be appreciated most often it is noticed by someone who is close and if we talk about dementia, then what is good, well then you know this is good somehow i must say positive. this is most often vascular in our republic of belarus, this is the largest percentage. it's not really alzheimer's. alzheimer. we do not, as they say, expressed as a percentage compared to people, this percentage of everything. percentage is all the rest is vascular dementia. that is, went strokes. yes, yes, after strokes it can be associated with some kind of injury. this may be related to stress. it could be high cholesterol. this is a huge metal- so they say body weight, diabetes mellitus

, the so-called metabolic syndrome. and this is also the path to dementia. that is, at this stage, i want to make such an exclamation mark, because this is a sign of a healthy lifestyle. if a person works on himself, he understands what in his life prevents him from being healthy and engages in physical activity, eats properly, if he controls his health indicators, such as body mass index, cholesterol, sugar, blood and other indicators that are important for him, that affect vascular manifestations, then, in principle, this can stretch himself up to 120 years and slowly. as they say grow and practically. therefore, it adapts to it, or it grows quickly in the case of alzheimer's, this process, as i said, is inevitable, and here, probably, this is more a question for relatives. they must understand what will happen. and what needs to be done at each stage to create

such a, well, necessary quality of life for this person, because today he forgets. and tomorrow we can't leave him at home. and this is where the question arises, when should we talk about his will. that is, while he is conscious and can intellectually evaluate his own. problems, as they say. he's got to tell us the most important things, and you know, it 's always such a sensitive subject, but he 's got to tell me where to bury me. yes, what is my will in relation to inheritance there, yes, to whom i give my favorite figurine there, with by whom? i want to meet, for example, bye. i am still ready for a dialogue, relatives should understand that then he will go beyond the bounds of our social perception, and he will no longer be with us practically in society, he will have anemia, that is, he will no longer show emotions. he is edith what

is called in a wheelchair and every day when we will ask questions on the day when we do not receive this answer, therefore it is very important here a neurologist and, in principle, it is necessary to work on this person, because the vascular component of the walzheimers is still there. but uh, here it’s already like if you need to understand. these are all social issues, this is a difficult topic. how to communicate, how to behave with a sick person at different stages, how not to harm him and save him. uh, my health, including psychological, and right now my colleagues continue. by their appearance on the site, they are able to put on a show. which

city is called eternal rome rome yes you are sure for our members? your answer rubicon do you like? you're not sure, andrey nikita think about it. first i'll think, whose tower will stand, and who will win in this fight vivaldivaldi. what unearthly forces helped him, see in the intellectual entertainment project tower on our tv channel. the right morning should start with the right breakfast. i hope you

didn't have breakfast today, because i'm going to feed you and cook with you tomorrow for the champions. we will help make the first meal delicious very appetizing no longer wait. start tasting, tomatoes, eggplant, mozzarella, eggs, reading so healthy, tasty and cool products that you just immediately feel hungry and very interesting in italy they use pasta only from durum wheat and the recipe is very simple, water and flour will not be forgotten. we are an invigorating exercise so that the elbow meets the knee and you automatically try to move the knee forward. this is a mistake that you should try not to make. look in the program. on tv channel belarus 24

last time yes, that is, the number of the elderly population has increased, which means that the problem of dementia, it has become more relevant and it is imperative to talk about these topics, that is, it falls on a certain time, on whom on the people who care yes and on society in general. remember that communication consists of such, well, important elements 55% of communication is our body language. this is our

facial expression. this is our posture. and these are our gestures further. we must think about the fact that the second element of two - our communication with our a relative with dementia, about 38 percent is approximately in our speech. that is, how we communicate, how we speak, with what tone. at what pitch do we deliver our speech? why is this important, because our relatives, mother, father, are very clear. they perceive how they are treated and how they communicate with him, they may not be able to express it verbally. why because communication is lost in the choice of words of communication, it is very important to clearly make eye contact and speak by name with our relatives

with dementia, speak calmly straight. you don't need to ask questions. that is, mom, for example, what are we going to wear today, either we will wear a yellow jacket, or it is very difficult for a dementia patient. you must urge in action mama and the day of the jacket next. it is very important to say this in a calm, even tone, that is, we also need to know some of such a set of rules that our relatives suffering from dementia find it difficult for them to perceive a large crowd of people, that is, we should not take our relative to the shopping center, be sure to take him by the arm . pay attention to danger very carefully outside the home, what is danger people with dementia very often do not feel

danger when they uh cross the road, they can go without waiting for transport directly this can lead to difficult circumstances, so it is very important to take a girlfriend with gestures show where we are going if we change the trajectory of the walk. we must clearly plan our walk with our loved ones. dementia does not always apply to older people and people of such senile age. it occurs much earlier. and we had such cases. you know, when a very smart old woman tells me that i know what pasta looks like. i take their hands, but i don't know what not to do with them. how to cook them. how to turn on the stove? so, if we are talking about how our relatives, sick girls, adapt to being at home. we

have to foresee something unequivocally we have to foresee that we have supervision the conclusion of household appliances very often indeed this becomes such a trigger the development of anxiety depressive states, and in this case i want to say, but that you are not alone. don't be afraid to ask for help. don't be afraid to ask for help from those who help. yes, so people of the profession, since we are really modern people, we can turn to certain self-support forums for help, yes, that is, there are really such forms of self-support, where, uh, people communicate with each other people who are in the same situation, like you, that is, help each other tell a story very often by this people. i would like to speak out, and we hold consultations, consultations on

various issues related to the care of communication. e being away from home is very often like not to survive. i give my life. yes , the most important thing is not to lose yourself, you do not seek help, i am sure that there are people who will help you get out. and i would say difficult. situations, that is, it's about what i'm talking about, don't be afraid to talk about it, on the contrary, they talk about it more to their friends to their children. speak what's going on with grandparents with mom and dad, that is, when we are in communication, when we know that we are not alone, sometimes you even need to delegate. do you know help, what does it mean, you need to ask for

another relative to replace yes besides you for a while, but if in the case of this relative there is no then it is worth asking for help from the appropriate service in the relevant service very often this is loneliness. it really creates different moments. when it will be necessary to turn to a specialist, and a psychotherapeutic profile let's put it this way, yes, and it'll be a little late, therefore, what we're talking about today. ah. it is very important. now i remind you look to the project team. today we study alzheimer's disease and look further. the sooner the better, how not to miss the first symptoms of an insidious disease. diagnosis is one test for the whole family. is it possible to find a common language with a person in dementia, and if there are

cures for senile dementia, we will find out very soon? the most knowledgeable and most daring guys for the amount that they work there sawing something with a saw. i answered option c because in spring the shields come from the word freckle. and in the word freckle there is the letter w. they will find answers to all questions. i am 100% sure that this is yes, because i have met this word, and i know that it translates as to tickle for valuable prizes and the honorary title of the winner of the show. i know that alexander sergeevich pushkin was born in 1799. and this is the 18th century, so i answered. no, it seems to me that the correct answer is an option, because this is the very first, city, belarus, look intellectually

fun show. i know on the belarus 24 tv channel. we travel around belarus and discover new sights for ourselves, another attraction. bridles. the burial-vault of the vish family, personally, it reminds me of a miniature egyptian pyramid, but not many people know that besides it, there are also the ruins-estates of the family behind the vish, which are located in pervomaisk. we get acquainted with the original belarusian traditions. and we, again , yes, where are we taking the bald agatha makes the body of a cat from the dough, the eyes are berries, the ears are fat, and the tail village sausage, most importantly, we experience vivid emotions. corner

of the editors' club so this is the most important brand in belarus for all these 30 years. this is the economic world. security is primary, oddly enough secondary, because it is largely determined by the state of the economy in the country , the time of opportunities and the construction of a new information model of the future. step by step, we are moving towards ensuring that these programs are implemented; the rules are often not observed and often happen. so, what exactly wins the one who does not comply at all no rules. we must build new ways of communication. we must build a new economy. this is a bet on a new

generation. the bet on belarus has been formed. indeed, belarus has an intellectually open dialogue about the most important social and political events in the country and on the international arena. see in the project the club of editors on belarus 24 tv channel. we have already touched a little on the topic that the problem of vascular dementia here can be caused by tumors of some kind. and if we talk about alzheimer's, hmm, it's still old age or like all diseases in the last few, well 5-10 years old alzheimer, maybe getting younger too, unfortunately, with gamer getting younger too. well, of course, it has always been considered a disease of an elderly person of a deeply elderly person. why, for example,

are we talking about this so much now. we began to live longer. it's like oncologists, they say, everyone lives, for example, to some problems that may be associated with some problems. uh, so oncologist is a person in the cognitive sphere. he cannot always be in the background in such a beautiful mental process, that is, some functions in him they are a little bit. the so -called walsheimers also sag. hey, he's gotten younger too. why because it is again an injury. this is again a brain tumor, that is, the substrate, perhaps, but already on the background. this is the substratum that degenerates and then develops, and this is what we call alzheimer, so you know, uh, i really like it. so i was abroad, and i want us to actively implement these schools in our country too. uh, there people care about their cognitive sphere a lot in advance, that is, at about 50 years. everyone understands that the worst thing for me

is alzheimer's or dementia, because no matter how i was physically, no matter how preserved or not. if my head is not in order, then it will be a problem for me and for my relatives. i'm a fucking special school where they spend like kids on workouts. that is, these are older people who are already more than this retirement age free. they know that every week on a certain day i go to this school of cognitive training, where i i get work homework, i prevent my dementia. so that 's the direction. now we also did it at our republican gerontological center, we call these classes neurofitness. and we are actively working and will produce this useful practice in our republic in general, but independently in some way. you can, well, postpone this whole story and how old should you start, you know, when they tell me how old you are? yesterday i

literally held a rally in one of the schools. and when i asked the kids. please tell us how we see ourselves in old age. well, it is clear that they must be healthy active. they said it was so important that they remember. what are their names, well, and immortality at the same time. that is, everyone is trying to draw for themselves this picture of such a positive old one, and when their head is a question , so what should be done here, everyone thought. so actually it is necessary to do not then it is necessary to do. here, starting from childhood, from childhood , it is the responsibility of parents to teach children the correct physical education. e desire to intellectually work on your brain, because the brain is a product that also requires constant processing, and therefore this healthy lifestyle is there, boring and boring, we don’t drink words there. do not smoke. there it is, in fact, there is prevention of both alzheimer's and denis, and therefore, if you start this, you need to start in general with the culture of your communication with the body, starting from childhood, but

the bells that can sound. probably from the age of fifty, because we already see many patients come to us at the age of 50 years and these manifestations of dementia, that is, a violation of the cognitive sphere. we are already seeing them. i read somewhere that this whole story with age is a problem with the head yes, this is including, well, someone thinks, and because of the fact that there is a very large amount of information. uh, now it's on us at all and the people who, for example, work with her. they. well, let's say so in the risk group, right, it was wanted on the other hand. you say, on the contrary, it is necessary to load the brain, load it, train it so that it is constantly in motion. then maybe but he, maybe, he burns out at some point. you know, you are absolutely right. why because here we are talking about not overexerting, that is, we need to find this balance, for example, people who are engaged in it areas. here they are looking at this cranes. they forget that in 20-30

minutes they have to get up, they have to work. as they say, do some exercises with your eye muscles in order to defuse them. as they say, they must go through this culture. no, that is, you are working here, as to exhaustion and then a period. here is the restoration, it does not restore this function, including the brain. he kind of overexerts me. rejection of any information rejection of productive work, and this, if it doesn’t accumulate this accumulation yes , it can also cause a violation of the cognitive sphere and the development of neuroregenerative manifestations in the brain, so here we must always look for a balance, but there is a very good rule, it works 100% that if you work, as they say with the brain, then you must work well with the physical, and this balance here is optimal, therefore, of course, a person is looking for his own balance. for example, uh, in old age we recommend them. uh, except we're evolving. that is, we are accumulating some kind of looking for new information, but at the same time it is

physical activity, and this is physical activity, this direction is called art therapy, that is, these are physical activities to the music, and this combination. for example , she supports the cognitive sphere very well. i can't help asking this question. but have scientists never thought and they were looking for a pill for these senile diseases, well, well, any disease is somehow still treated with drugs. and here, that's how much we talked to you and not a word about a pill is absolutely pills were not found. bye bye we hope you know that the whole world is working on this problem. but what we have today, if it is a vascular manifestation of dementia, then there are really a lot of drugs that support a person. yes, i already say sometimes that i understand that you are there, well, you won’t be completely cured, because everything that you accumulated it will remain with you, but suspend in order to reach the plateau and, in

principle, be in a good quality of life. and what is a good quality of life, it is in the first place, regardless of others. that is, you will be able to serve yourself and uh, thereby freeing the members of your family to work, so that they can, as they say, work and also live a full life. this is probably very important. and that's why i also call people who come to this age abruptly, which means the development of dementia. these are the factors that i mentioned here responsibility, not only to himself, but also to his family members. well, i wish you health, and, of course, health and understanding on the part of your patients, they are not simple. we say goodbye to you too. and you watched the project for indulgence, health to you and your loved ones, and see you on the air.