relatives, we tried so that he would not feel like some kind of flawed, disadvantaged disabled person. he didn't have it done. i don’t know, it somehow happened that from childhood he didn’t get hung up on this in itself, such that, well, he always comes forward. and so, as if no one ever said that we have some problems. well then, i don't really remember at this point. i remember that no one could ever offend me with this. that is, probably, it's basically, we're bringing up such that i'm on it i react to this in such a way, and now everyone, as it were, even treats it with a joke , that is. well, that's cool. i studied at a regular school, the most common, that is, with an in-depth study of english, foreign trips, too, when we went somewhere, very often i act as an interpreter for our team, if there is no one around children who are the same paralympic athletes are training . with us there 7-8 years.

i always give an example. here are our national commanded by yegor, they look at them and want to somehow achieve the same results as they are and it is to move them. you are not afraid. all he will sit down if bring as a bushing. well, like adrenaline , you really experience it like this inside, as if you are swimming yourself, i want to be here. well, yes, yes, more expensive in the hands, if the heartbeat is up to 150 beats. i want to be the best, but it's hard. and this is to prove that you are the best. well, i would like everyone to understand who is better than a certain distance. i would like, in

principle, to be realized in life somehow, so that i would have my favorite business and build a good family so that my children do not need anything.

novikova irina vasilievna doctor of economics professor, head of the department of business technology management and

sustainable development of the belarusian state technological university. and today i want to talk about what is happening in the global economy. e about the role played and occupied by the republic of belarus in the global economy. what problems are we experiencing and what will happen if the sanctions policy continues? on the air program say, do not be silent in the studio victoria popova and tatyana shcherbina and irina novikova is our guest today. good afternoon. hello hello irina vasilievna was the president of all babwe and the uae and showed

that belarus is interesting to these countries, at least, to which our opponents immediately reacted with jokes. uh, apparently, uh, for them , uh, posnopsky. eh, so there is still such an idea that these are some strange underdeveloped and so on, how would you comment on such a reaction. i don't know who says so, because modern man, apparently not an economist knows modern economics before answering your question a little background to all events. here, yes, but the war that took place in libya in iraq and so on , the european union, but seriously discussed the issue and they had a program to join the european union north. in africa, that is, the countries of the north african countries, that is, tunisia , morocco and so on. that is, uh, our opponents may say that these are also underdeveloped countries. yes, there is oil there. from this point of view only, but actually the european union, uh, they are very pragmatic

approached this issue. why is it not only that there are raw materials there, but these are large markets for the sale of their products and suppliers of labor, but they considered it this way, i tell you the second example, when, uh, it means our integration processes were only gaining momentum. e, so we had a radio bridge , i emphasize on our radio, and i was invited from the other side. uh, so there were businessmen from kazakhstan and we discussed integration issues, and then even in an integration group. only three countries entered. uh, russia, belarus and kazakhstan and kazakh businessmen, they say, why are we discussing the issue of accepting kyrgyzstan, uh, that means tajikistan, armenia into our group let's be developed republics let's unite and let's, uh, live and develop rapidly. this is the wrong approach. this is already then, this is ten years ago. uh, it

says what the three countries have come together about. after all, three countries, each pursued its own goal and divergent goals, and it does not mean at all if its two countries have three and four divergent goals. it doesn't mean that they cannot unite, for example, it is clear that russia had a geopolitical one. eh, so to speak, the goal here is the formation of this integration grouping, kazakhstan, when the soviet union collapsed, it had oil reserves, now it has oil reserves, but pipeline transport. no heir was. eh, russia and therefore even put e their oil products. it is necessary to use pipeline transport, that's why russia was interesting to kazakhstan, it's not just that. we are also interested in what the integration grouping was, we have retained our industry, where we needed markets to supply goods. that's it, we reasoned approximately the same way as the european union reasoned. that's what i told you about, so to say that we don't need to go to

other countries is, from the point of view of the economy, an absolutely wrong approach. moreover, it is the wrong approach. not even in terms of supplying our e-zimbapa products. and even from the point of view that zimbabwe is the owner. uh, well stocks, primarily platinum. there is further. there is cobalt and cobalt is used in modern mechanical engineering from tank building aircraft building. that is, this is something without which it is impossible to make a good car, and we know that we have masses of belaz and it is clear that they will also need. e, here, so to speak, e in these rare earth metals. this is on the one hand, and on the other hand, if we learn. extracts, but there is already how the production will be built. we can, uh, so to speak, trade these resources being, that is, if we get access, uh, to the development of them, uh, by doing , maybe, some kind of primary processing. there experts will tell you better about it, quite,

perhaps we can trade these rare earth materials that are practically used. so i told you, in what areas, and industries and, accordingly, those countries in which these industries are developed. they will be interested intelligently. you are probably asking a question. why didn't we do this before, because from many unchangeables, as you rightly noted. i heard this idea that you should not get hung up on the market of one country, two are used to it, but work for the same africa where there are a huge number of people who want to consume our products. we can still remember how, uh, when the president said many years ago that we need to cooperate with china, yes, let's turn around. yes, they also laughed at the opponent to the east. yes, what did they say? lord, what kind of china what are you talking about, so i 'll tell you more. this is what happened. in the zero years somewhere around 2001 2002. i then worked with chinese students who studied at the belarusian state university. i lecture them. i already knew the prospects. and i say, china will overtake soon. listen

whom they began to laugh at japan, - he says. what are you saying? yes , this will never happen, because the chinese themselves said such things there, and you are talking about ours not even twenty years have passed until what 20 already in the fourteenth year, practically, in fact. uh, the gross domestic product was supposed to equal that of the united states, but uh, and there according to the international monetary fund and the world bank. uh, there was data that they equaled already in the fourteenth year, but they forced me to recalculate and it turned out to be ahead of the calculation, the united states is ahead, that is the whole question who thinks and irina vasilny can you briefly answer the question, what prompted this thought in you? what kind of collider did the chinese build that you suspected this potential in them, well, firstly, cheap labor, and they, uh, i will also say, are generally

expansive into the world economy. china entered the 1980s. eh, so they offered to all western firms. please come to our territory. at first, they offered incomparably not the entire territory of china, which means that they allowed companies along this east coast. uh, so here's the way out there, the yellow sea, the sea of ​​china, and accordingly, they made free economic zones there, and in these zones, they wanted to, they didn’t even expect to attract all the firms. they wanted to attract the so-called bullshit. who are hunchao - these are those who went abroad when the chinese yi amassed capital , that is, they already became rich people abroad, and therefore they were waiting for them to start investing in their development in the eighties and nineties. it started. that's it from this belt of free

economic zones, then everyone poured there foreign companies. i'll give you an example . i've got hmm statistical data for 2002. an hour on a general motors assembly line cost $74. what do you think if they move their assembly line to china how much will e dollar cost? in the best case, yes, it was $ 74, this is in the description and , accordingly, wages at that time in china, now, of course, the situation is different. they have regions that you know above our standard of living. uh, there are such provinces. uh, that's why, when you talk like me felt. well, as economists , any economist will feel if you offer cheap labor. uh, then, uh next for the investor, yes, good conditions for investors in that sense, but he they understand, not to say that they are good in terms of for the investor, but for the residents and the chinese. they

weren't very good. why for example, there rushed a lot, and chemical industries. for example, concern bass. i know that he was offered even on our territory. well, make e investments a long time ago already 15 years ago, but as stated by the general director of this concern, and they say you are in the center of europe. who will allow polluting the territory, even if we allowed it, europe would not forgive the concern. he says, but in china you can do whatever you want for the chinese. here, if you ask a chinese what impressed you in belarus what do you think they say frequency leo no no cleanliness goes without saying. well purity, if other cities are pure heaven. spirit and greenery, and now here is china when it began to develop. they have very a big problem. we need to tighten environmental laws. and as you toughen them up, they will go to other countries, bangladesh, africa, and so on, by the way,

the president of zimbabwe spoke about africa during alexander lukashenko's visit. thanks to belarus, we were able to solve the issue of the country's food security once and for all. here is his quote, and then the next news is the result. visit. ntz to supply more than 3,500 tractors. belarusians. an agreement was signed on this, the presidents of the two countries took part in the handover ceremony belarusian machinery to zimbabwean farmers. that is, we see that the emphasis is mainly on agriculture, but not only in agriculture. we can cooperate with zimbam agriculture, zimbab is important for us, i will say. why, if you look at the gross domestic product, er, zimba is 80% of everything. the business product comes from agriculture only 20% services industry and so on. if we talk about agriculture, why is the president of zimbabwe saying that they did not do

a very good reform at the beginning of the 2000s. and what was it, and not the land was taken from the whites, who were engaged in the cultivation of the land. well, as if they were fair to the black population. it is clear that in order to conduct agriculture in modern conditions, you need to know some kind of agricultural technology and have some kind of education. and it is clear that they began to process without all this knowledge. and what happened to them over the last 20 years. well, the earth has become poor , so to speak, e does not wash out. and here are the winds when the winds blow. uh, that's why their productivity dropped very much and uh, almost to the past. the weather was such that they could not feed their population. that's why he said, the president and we have already delivered to them. i do not remember. there, in what year, 2 years ago, some batch of our equipment was already delivered

there, and therefore, in connection with this, they say that the harvest was obtained and they kind of decided food security, but when we talk about agricultural equipment , of course, this is good, but i listen to something no one talks about our potash fertilizers, because what is today without potassium. you will not grow a good crop and good quality. why does technology need empty waste land? she needs to be brought in somehow. and besides, besides , uh, potash fertilizers, don't forget we have, uh, there are enterprises in gomel that produce uh, so, in my opinion, phosphate fertilizers are combined fertilizers there, huh? nitrogen our this enterprise, grodno nitrogen. e also produces e, it’s quite possible, maybe in this regard, to think about cooperation, and in addition, that’s when i talked about that the land was distributed to the local population

, you need to think about how to educate this population, uh, and reggie. it's not easy to install equipment. it is necessary to teach how to work on additional use of this technique. we need to think about what kind of specialists to train with us, uh, and if this is an average level there, well, the level of vocational schools is quite possible, it is possible to help them create our teachers by our specialists so that they can competently maintain the equipment competently. there you are all turnovers. uh , what they don't know or know more primitive level. let's say the minister of education. andrew ivan. yes, again he was also in zimbabwe he said. what e sees as rather large prospects for cooperation in the field of education , this is probably what e says, and about what you said, yes, that is, it is the training of specialists for their education. what about the agricultural sector? what else belarusians can teach zimbabweans. no, we, in

principle, can learn a lot from us. see. we have good technical education. eh, so it gives technical the university and our technological university gives a good education, classical education in classical disciplines, so to speak, this is, uh, a state university, so we have a lot to teach. we can teach more than that, don't forget that no matter how we say that we are, in general, a republic that produces and belaz does. it's better there in the world and we hold 33% of the world market and our market is not bad and, uh, there are a number of industrial products that can compete with brands and not only. european even brands, however, we republic of developed agriculture. if we can not only feed ourselves, we feed, in principle, supply products to many countries, er, primarily our markets. this is russia china these are capacious markets. that

's why we are specialists in this, and here we need to think about what we can do in this area, it is clear that it is not in electronics. i understand your question, that if there is a digital economy now and many laugh, it even appeared on a wooden one, there it rides a tractor. he says that this is the future of our cooperation, of course, not in this area, because they don't have experts. but there are other areas in which we have applied. uh, so to speak, their efforts. we can get some income, which in turn can be directed to development. uh, more promising and high-tech industries. you said that europe had such a plan to join north africa. and why did olivia and cancer not take place. because of there, uh, with all these events, they did not abandon this idea. they refused. uh want to go back to it again or refuse because economically it's not profitable no no no economically for them. it's profitable for why because, uh, you

know, they'd get it. uh, that means very good markets, capacious and, accordingly, for european products. they are immediately very easily accessible and logistically very accessible across the mediterranean. you remember happy. all this was accompanied, there were no flows of refugees that could not be contained in morocco, and often the moroccans fled to spain , portugal, they are caught there absolutely correctly on the one hand. and that's when i say supply their products, but don't understand the supply of products produced in france delivered to morocco can also set up branch offices. this is an assembly line. there are some services and so on. that is, it creates jobs at the same time, and therefore this would be in the interests of the moroccans, and the tunis and algerians. it is about cooperating with european countries, not to mention the fact that these are oil-bearing countries, that is, there is a lot of oil there and

the fact that now they are experiencing difficulties , even, in my opinion, they have agreed from algeria there an additional pipeline through gas will be stretched across the mediterranean. that is, well, problems, it is clear that there would be problems, but nevertheless, it is beneficial. i mean, it is beneficial for the european union because it cannot be considered if the european union is here, well, suppose for all these events. uh, was a rich enough region, what will happen now . let's wait and see, everything will be simple. uh , that's how far my forecast will not come true, and hence the forecast. which? well, my forecast is not going to be very good for this region anyway, uh, the pace of ro. its going to be quite slow and here they are, first of all, you see already, in france, we see that they are looking for sources so that if they launch all 29 of their e nuclear plants, because they were some closed due to the green agenda, but

now they are sort of reactivating them, besides need uranus where to get it? e, that is, yes, and there certainly is a deposit. here, in particular, i told you that's why i told you that in the moth is the place of birth. this is a former french colony, but now they have squeezed this one out, so to speak, this deposit and, accordingly, the moth is not a colony of france cannot be ordered here, bring the troops and say, here we need to negotiate with the government, because this is an independent country, exactly the same sovereign states. yes, we can consider. yes, not poor, but another matter. that's when you say, what is useful, maybe zimbabs, and i'll give you an example. and why russia will e hold, in my opinion, in june or july, uh, this year, russians. cannes major forum, uh, why? because it gets, er, allies, independent african states, which, when resolutions are adopted in the same un, for example, they can vote for this or that decision and there is such hmm african

congress. i watched the speech of the chairman of this african congress, and he said that we will support russia, we will not refuse russia, because she has always considered us as sovereign countries. it has never been a colonial power. and in principle that we were colonial powers. it is clear that we are exactly the same in this situation. and if we are concerned, you noticed that the president, when he went, but this is necessary in in general, know the mentality. e zimbabean people. he spoke to the president, brother. well, for us, even this is a little bit so, as it were, but once they have such a mentality, that is , he showed that it applies the same way as it does to any other sovereign state, and do not forget. so, when the ivan correctly said, we have a large field there, you can’t consider them as soon as we have prepared them. e, that means, and this is our, so to speak, specialists trained by us in the future. they after all will pass 10-20 years. some of them can become vice-premier prime minister.

u the president, after all, there uh, the commander of the armed forces, but it will be people who have trained here this sphere of influence. here russia unfortunately missed in the nineties, when she left e, africa , she missed this moment, who occupied this niche, china and that the americans also left, they thought that since russia left, the struggle is over now, as if it dominates. yes? well, russia is also, as i know, seedlings are present there. yes absolutely. you are absolutely right and can not be said that china is the lord yes er, china is a very correct strategy. e conducts and here it is impossible china obvi. china defends its national interests, it does not do charity work, if we look at africa, then 30% of the world's total is concentrated there. e stocks of raw materials are oil. these are rare earth

metals, there, and so on and so forth, and china . i want to tell you, the largest project has been carried out. china back in time. mao zedong is not even about this chinese strategy, which is going almost from the beginning of the eighties, and in the seventy- second year for the first time, the project was implemented in construction, in my opinion, in tanzania it is such a chinese style. they are these isapas, while big countries are making big statements there . china has already built everything and so on. it was discussed. well keywords. understandable uh, negotiate. it is necessary to reach an agreement, of course, and this opportunity must not be missed. you know what the problem will be. the problem is in the calculations, what will they calculate? i remember, after all, this is not ours, not the first attempt to go to africa, uh, the first attempt was in 2011, my colleagues immediately began calling me from russia, saying, you are crazy got off, than they will pay you off they have no money. now watch when you

arrive. here i think that someone at least once was. uh, in moscow, and someone at least once traveled by rail, not by plane at the station. they have a candy store that sells chocolate, and here's a chocolate bar. i then paid attention. uh, i was looking for babouf and divoir cattle from cocoa babs there in brazil and rode beans of some other african, i thought and asked the russian, i say. and what is it? fashion what are they talking about? no, he says, we supply them with weapons, and they pay. nothing, they are cocoa broads. here they are, therefore ours, that is. well, it's such a great currency, because now it's gone like butter. shops, so what's cocoa and scott-dwara there, while we pause, i remind you, do we have a loud speaker, tell her to be quiet, subscribe and ask questions and suggest guests we are in touch. today our

guest is doctor of economic sciences professor irina novikova irina vasilievna let's discuss the hottest topic. you predict a lot of not-so-good things. in particular. tell us that there will be a default. and we have from here in the united states, but, unfortunately, tan, we are connected with this dollar, and joe biden, for example, called on congress to raise the ceiling for the us long time. it is clear that this is not just done. you can tell us how long the dollar currency will last, but in general, then you need to go into history a little. why did it happen and why is everyone looking like that today? what decision has been made by the united states congress on the national debt? what are the decisions on a-a accounting rates

rate? accept the federal reserve system, so why is everyone looking at america is it because the dollar has become, uh, an international currency? in general, after the second world war? uh, when the war is already the second uh, well, for us it was the patriotic war for the rest of the world, the second world war, when it was already clear that it would end in july 1944. uh, several countries, uh, gathered, uh , there was a representative from the soviet union in british woods in the united states and the question was decided there, how will be implemented, how will uh be implemented international trade? that is, how the calculations will be made before the second world war, e and the end of the 19th century, in the period between the warriors, the calculations were made, e, through the gold standard, that is , the currency was provided with the gold standard, and depending on how the balance of payments developed there transported from gold there. it's, well, it's certainly inconvenient. that's

the united states there. for the first time, they offered their own currency along with the pound sterling, which was, in general, the main currency in which the united states was also calculated. the states offered their own currency, especially since 70% of the world's gold reserves at that time were concentrated in the united states, it is clear that most countries, all countries, practically agreed even representatives of the soviet union signed this agreement, but subsequently it was not ratified by e. we have a legislative level and therefore we didn’t play these games until the nineties . we only started playing in the nineties and then we were established. uh, three international organizations in general, but one failed. an international monetary fund was established there, which was supposed to issue a loan even if an unfavorable balance of payments developed in the countries of a particular country, but well, you can also talk

for a very long time, because this is also a kind of kabbalah, the second structure is world bank development reconstruction. this is the second structure was established. there it was planned to create at that time such an organization as an international underlining international trade organization, which means that if with two international monetary fund and the world bank. that's it, just how they would earn the post-war period, that means they gathered in the harbor. this is probably the year forty-six forty-seven. er, that means 23 countries to establish this international e-trade organization. they signed an agreement. uh , so, uh, but this agreement was approved by president truman, but congress is not the same as we have not ratified. also, their congress did not ratify this organization and it existed until 1995.

usually like uh means general tariff trade agreement, that is, it is not an organization. you understand this agreement, only in the ninety-fifth year , the world trade organization appeared on the base, but i want to talk about the goals of these three structures. uh, means, what do they have to do with the dollar. so these structures they supported the processes of globalization, which, in general , were interesting in the united states. and what is the essence of this process. it was necessary to organize trade in such a way and create such conditions in the world that american companies freely traded and moved around the world, that is, these foundations were laid, or in another way the foundations of globalization. that's where the world is now, basically, uh, trying to get away. well, at least from this form. so everything was possible for the countries to sign.

they sat down with the dollar, well, it seems even normal. so i told you, but it's one thing if you bring gold bars there to some country, if you 're not trading well, it's another thing you have paper dollars and so on, it seems, how convenient it is to calculate. and even if non-cash, yes, in general fine, but what happened, it means that two such major events happened in the global economy. uh, the first event in france post-war french president de golde sixties. uh, france developed quite well, which means they had a sufficient amount of uh dollars, and he sent there, i don’t remember, i think two ships filled with these dollars to the shores of america so that they pay off gold is the first fact the second fact. ah, so japan after world war ii. uh, so, well it's clear that the country was destroyed dropped atomic bomb, and the country was. well, it’s extremely difficult, i won’t tell you how they recovered, but by the fiftieth year

, the recovery period and the country had ended. that is, it began to develop quite rapidly. and so, when the japanese are asked, how did you guess, the direction of development is electronics and shipbuilding. they are here thanks to these industries. uh, so throughout the fifties by the end of the fifties . they traded these goods so well that they also accumulated a large amount of dollars and are like polite japanese asked the government of the united states cancel. so, here are two facts and when the americans calculated that if they paid off in gold, they would lose, uh, 75% of their stock, they were obliged to give it back, and then a decision was made. it's 1971 by president nixon, but it was like temporary, but no, nothing more permanent. as you know, what was the temporary decision that the dollar e

will not be exchanged for gold, but it is allowed to float freely and the dollar has begun, that is, this is how we have it on our stock exchange to be quoted from one side to the other, that is , to shy away from big balls, they did not start with the dollar, this, roughly speaking, financial bubbles. yeah, yeah, well, practically you know what '71 is, the united states like uh before to put out extra money supply. you had to find a mine to find gold there, to find gold, and to extract this gold, then he got a spring in the form of an e-machine, which prints debts today , it exceeds the limit already there. means, when they got such a leverage, they began to print currency absolutely freely, but they don’t have a state debt, you don’t have to think that i just printed as much as i wanted,

there’s a little bit different system, because if everything was so simple and or linearly, as we argue. well, many countries would understand that they began to issue so-called treasuries - these are debt obligations. uh, so, well, they began to play around with this already, probably from the end of the nineties, which were bought by other countries, what is the essence of these treasuries. you buy guess. there after a certain period of time. you get some percentage, well, you buy it for, say, $1,000. a in a few years, you will receive there, for example, 1,200 dollars and everyone who has excess money, they invested, here, in dollars and, accordingly, that is, you are a pyramid. yes? you are absolutely correct. we kind of talked about it. uh, many that's who heard, that's after he was released from prison, he said. and why does he say this is a criminal operation, i'm doing the very thing

the united states makes literally his phrase, that is, this pyramid, with which they are paying off with someone. well, sometime this pyramid must collapse, that is, it must be paid, and the interest is growing more and more. and now, all the more so, you know, they have adopted a discount rate of 5%, that is, the american economy is practically halting growth. why because if hmm so it's more profitable for you to put the money? what business will go? he will not go sell, that is, a headache. and so they put 5%, well, if you are 100 dollars put it in, of course, uh, a small amount. and if you get a billion, or a couple of billion, then calculate how much 5% will give you at the end of the year. uh, so sooner or later. this song will be with peta and now, she has already sung this song ended on january 19, 2023, when the minister of finance. no, elin. hmm. so she wrote a letter

to congress saying, uh, that the default was supposed to hit in the month of january, but they made a decision at the level of the secretary of the treasury, they made the following decision. these treasuries that were issued they financed. well , many of them look at all their social programs and say, oh, in america, free medicine is medicate. uh, kerr, in my opinion, this obama uh led uh, there are various other social programs there. what kind of social state is it not that we always ask questions from to- money. where does zin money come from? where did you get this money, they did it in this way, you can issue these treasures with sell, get this money and finance your, uh, social program. and in particular, elin said that we would solve the problem by june.

that is, we will push back the default, we will stop issuing treasuries under e, pension funds, that is, their pensions, yes, yes, they will already freeze, that is, they will not grow there. i don’t know what social programs to change, there, but what will be e in the month of june, that is, sooner or later it will not come, no matter how it is, so the question arose. eh, after all, they don't just print and issue these treasuries, but this is due to the fact that congress accepts the debt ceiling, that is, it should be. well up until what time can these treasuries be printed, sold and received, that means income for which you can implement these social programs. ah, so they reached this ceiling in january. here she, uh, solved the problem here, this little problem. uh, then you need to go on, if you want to continue to live, and as biden said. you read the words of biden, uh, the republicans want the economy not

to develop, that is, they need money for development. understand what is at stake. and if if you don't raise the ceiling, there will be no development, plus the discount rate of 5%, there will be no development in america, and he says, i insist that this ceiling be raised. that's how they decide if they vote to raise the ceiling. this means that additional dollar mass will appear again. if you compare, for example, to make it even more clear, i have such figures. what's a decade? well, the truth is, i don’t have the last figures from the tenth to the nineteenth year of labor productivity, which gives us product growth, and, accordingly, dollars can print them increased only by 40%, and 1.4 times. and the financing of social programs of all underscores is not only a health care provider, there are also various unemployment, twice zin's money from where? well, i remember one social program, when they

laid out the area and set up tents. this is the name of the town for the bottomless, it was billions of budget, but the embodiment of kopeyka well, good, yes, yes, yes, they mastered it. they're pretty good. the same rice. yes now, yes, yes. we did not calculate with you what to do in case if the financial bubble bursts, that is, how do you advise your friends or acquaintances there? how to save money now on the eve of a grand shooter, well, first of all, my friends do not have that kind of money to suffer very much, and with you and i, i think we are not millionaires. this is a very big problem. and that's what i get asked a lot. and why not agree and abandon the dollar? i say if you have in your pocket lies there. 20 dollars you feel sorry for them just like that to lose, and most rich people have in dollar terms, that is wealth is located, well, except for real estate and everything else, it is in dollar funds, and therefore, if the dollar collapses,

nobody is interested in this, therefore, if we talk, it’s hard to say what to store, but gold shows stability quite large throughout. i looked at the charts. e for almost 100 years. there are slight fluctuations, but very minor fed in this regard. what role does the federal reserve system play, and it generally regulates. here we are with you and started the discount rate. in general , you can also start a little more with the fact that all countries in the world are divided into two large groups, large economies and small economies. we're talking about the small economy, there are only three large economies , not even countries, three regions. the first is the united states, the european union as a whole, and china . come to this, why are these large economies, and why are they classified in this class? these are the economies that, by their rate of interest

, can affect the world rate. percent. why is the world interest rate so important? because these are loans that businesses take, the higher it is, the more the business lies, that is, it is unprofitable to take. well , you yourself know, or you will take a loan with a high interest rate, even buying furniture or something, or a house there or an apartment is unprofitable. it's just that you will strain and work for it, so economic activity also freezes, if the high rate right now in the united states, i told you , we are talking about a five percent discount rate , therefore, it is animated that in the first half of the economy a little. uh, they will stop growing, but it is expected that then by the end of the year. might come alive in force there, but i don't know what they are planning there. uh, so the global economy reacts in the same way, because the united states is a big financial one. e, the center where large amounts of money are concentrated, and

it determines the economic activity of the world's inhabitants. you said that vladimir vladimirovich putin tried to achieve some kind of independence, yes, the question is. but in principle, if he didn’t try something achieve uh you either nese ok, uh for your part. here is what he asked there, well, don’t do this, but you should not do it, and go for it, but don’t forget, they harbored a grudge, and since the end of the 2000s, the beginning of the 10s. why did they uh have this form one uh of one of the business tools. uh, production sharing agreement, what is it ? it is you who get some kind of deposit, for example, you extract oil. here. that is, a lot of american oil companies rushed. you do not produce in partially. eh, you give away the products to the country that provided you, but basically you take these products. well,

pay your taxes accordingly, it got to the point that they stopped paying taxes and, accordingly, there were about 260, in my opinion, companies today. there are only two of them left. that is, practically putin gave instructions, uh, at that time to the minister of ecology. they had such a minister there. um, it means to see how the wells are used there, do they violate environmental requirements? well, there it is to say they began to consider and, in short, only two companies remained. well , how do you think they will react? uh, to the fact that, so to speak, putin is in power and we will forget. don’t forgive me, let’s not forget, they said absolutely correctly, and moreover, texas is an oil-producing region of the united states, and if you analyze a lot of presidents over the past 50 years , they came from texas, that is, a large lobby that appoints its own presidents, so to speak. uh, so and if the companies that are located in this

region, and including wrung out, that is, wrung out from them and their deposits. and how will they treat and how will they stimulate their presidents to treat the president of russia, well, and there is a lot of stuff like this that has accumulated, and it’s clear that that’s why there are three of them. here, remove the president. remove the president. here is the most basic no they require. uh, develop democracy. so it's now so straight it's so they claim no. they have such a requirement. remove putin why do i want to sound, but from some foreign politician, that without putin's world would be better in plain text, who are you listening, this politician of ours. uh, and russia is not western. you do not remember me, as if the first hours of his reign said putin putin killer. well, of course, it must begin. yes, and therefore, of course, a person who the point is that here we are talking, we talked about china with you, that

china, uh, defends its interests, when we look at the united states, they also defend their interests, so to say putin defends the interests of his people. and why the people who live in the territory, which, uh, the territory has such oil and gas reserves. uh, besides, it is often said that there is no high technology. that's probably our opponents. that's what we are integrating with russia. no, i have questions about high technologies. what do we mean by high technology? let's figure it out. uh, first of all, if you understand digital yes, somewhere we are behind, but do not forget to remember the anecdote sits the internet, and google or electricity, who is the most important? uh, google says i'm the most important thing, i'm a search engine, but the internet is the same without me you won't do anything. i must be electricity says. well, that is, what am i bringing energy to, and here in the energy industry russia is making several very major breakthroughs

. . uh, that means they are also working on what is fundamentally new energy sieve. yes, that is, i'm not an expert. i was just telling you as an economist, but new technology, moreover, there is a calculation. now, if we count now, uh hmm, for each of our residents of the belarusian resident of the russian. no matter how much energy we consume, it will turn out that we are not in the forefront, we are going enough. well, belarus is quite long, but not what is economical, but testifies to this. well the economy is developed consumption. build energy, ah, but the fact is that despite the fact that we are building nuclear power plants, and in russia there is a hydroelectric power plant, nuclear power plants, nevertheless, they still have. eh, a small number of them. well no

small, but not on not in the forefront, they go, but to the thirty-fifth year. uh, curve, there are curves lined up. i watched them just rush and in terms of the amount of energy used per capita, and they will come out. well, i think that we, too, will go far ahead. and if this is what concerns us today, remember that we are often scolded. why did we build a nuclear power plant? well, whoever thought, then saw the data, our energy dependence . before the launch of the nuclear power plant, it was 86% of gas supplies. e from russia yes of course it is also a russian station. it was built on a russian loan, but nevertheless, many scream. we need race. but we saved quite a decent amount there, in my opinion, 3 billion and saved. we haven't spent all the money. here it is on one side, and on the other. it will only help us, well, to replace , i'll tell you how many gases we have somewhere more than

20 one billion cubic meters. uh, meters uh, we consumed gas, and this station here replaces, in my opinion, five, but just count how many more stations we need. look at france which is already unpacked. yes, i will tell you. i was in leon, uh, hmm, around 2005 and i was struck by walking around the city. everything is blazing. i couldn’t understand, i’m saying, why is the tram running on two wheels, here the lights on the wheels are blazing, i emphasize the amplifier. there are some standing there. they say excess energy. so far this way. that is, they gave. well, at that time now i don’t know anymore, at that time they were giving away cities. ah, that is, why am i , they can exhaust their energy, and energy with the help of an atom. but we cannot and when we they say that uh, well, how dangerous a station would be there, well, such a station, uh, the russians built finland, they have one station already

built according to such a project in hungary, a nuclear power plant is being built, moreover, orban. now i want to say. by the way, you did not ask me a question about the tenth package of sanctions now for a short while. let's take a break. after a short pause , we will return to this studio, while subscribe to our telegram channel, and look for all our releases on the youtube channel, belarus is one on the air. again, don't be silent. we have a doctor economic sciences, professor irina novikova irina vasilievna, we settled on the adoption of the tenth package of sanctions, and it is being prepared . the tenth package of sanctions is being prepared somewhere. we won't talk, but as far as i know, uh, two sanctions in two directions will go uh, sanctions on rosatom and sanctions on diamonds russia is a large company. so, well, it seems that

russian diamonds are only diamonds for rich people, these are jewelry rings. yes it is uh certainly plays a big role, but russian diamonds, in addition , scalpels are used in medicine. here are diamond scalpels made from russian diamonds. they are considered the best. and who is processing e-diamonds, and who will suffer? and now they are coordinating with belgian companies, there are large companies and small companies. uh, it means that large companies consume only 20% of russian diamonds. they are mainly consumed by small companies and belgians. they say we won't support sanctions even three is everything, that is, how would they support, what will happen if sanctions are imposed on this, the big industry will stand the company, they will be able to replace 20%, this is not a question. there are

many diamond deposits there, by the way, in particular , zimbabwe even has diamonds, but small companies that worked on diamonds will suffer. e russia what happens to them will be reduced to 6.000. uh, workers who are employed in these industries at these enterprises. if we still calculate, uh, until the operations, who cooperates with them up to 10.000 people will lose their jobs in belgium, this first does not mean that they all stopped working on russian diamonds and sprinkle ashes on their heads, it is clear that this will not happen, they are going to go to dubai and india are also engaged in processing there and perhaps the same diamonds , but they will only be in other territories, so who will suffer more from the sanctions, well, let's look further , it seems like atoms, too. well, rosatom is here, how to make problems, but remember, i told you that when

they talked about our nuclear power plant. i to you she said that a station of the same kind was built according to the same project , in finland and the first block is already under construction in hungary , now there is a question about launching the second block, but everything would be just urban, it’s clear that it could argue that it’s not so simple in this construction is occupied by a company of germany and france now you need to calculate. how many jobs will be lost. how much profit german french companies will lose. therefore, this package has not yet been accepted. and you said that for belarus, yes? where are the diamonds uh, zimbabwe yeah, you forgot? yes, here

please, can we negotiate and if these companies are relocated, uh, in dubai and india, it is possible to organize the supply of logistics there, good logistics are much easier than good logistics, therefore, when you told me that this is possible, then there are sanctions, this is an opportunity. here is a new way, this and opportunities. and i would even bring here. eh, an example. that's when opponents criticize. here zimba snaked in this, remember such a fairy tale was about a frog that got into the cream and drowned and began to whip with its paws , it turned out to whip the butter, and the second choice. therefore, what there is another way out, that's why we're spinning. so what's more, here many say the market is the market. here is the market market. we need to spin, as the president said, we need to strain and work. let's go on that beautiful note. stop our conversations. although they are very pleasant, and we are extremely grateful to you irina vasnetsova fascinating lecture today. we can say, uh tatyana shcherbina victoria popova we say goodbye to you today, goodbye. goodbye. and now irina novikova is speaking.

dear viewers, those sanctions that superimposed, both on russia and on us. you and i felt or did not feel in the twenty-second year. you, uh, when we speak , you felt you all work, and your jobs are saved , industry develops, agriculture develops. everything will be fine. we survived

in different corners of the country, on the places of traeda and feats, remember, oh vrm and a hero and shackle the truth from the old woman and tell a scorched memory behind the gray-haired pit has finished revealing the asses. the right morning should start with

the right breakfast. i hope you are today didn't have breakfast because i'm going to feed you and cook a breakfast of champions with you. we'll help you make the first one. eating tasty healthy very appetizing is no longer impatient. proceed to tasting, tomato eggplant mozzarella, sun-dried tomatoes egg mussels. mama mia, a combination of so healthy, tasty and cool products that just immediately there is a feeling of hunger and it’s very interesting in italy they use pasta only from durum wheat and the recipe is very simple water and flour, we won’t forget. we invigorating exercises so that the elbow meets the knee and you automatically try to move the knee forward. this is a mistake that you should try not to make. look in the program. breakfast of champions on tv channel belarus 24

organization also state support for theaters a large meeting with the leadership of the council of ministers in the palace of independence for a field hospital and medicines and in belarusian turkey rescuers removed two survivors